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Earth

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



This article is about the planet. For other uses, see Earth (disambiguation).



Earth

A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background.



Orbital characteristics

Epoch J2000[n 1]

Aphelion

151930000 km
(1.01559 AU) [n 2]

Perihelion

147095000 km
(0.9832687 AU) [n 2]

Semi-major axis

149513000 km
(1.00000011 AU) [1]

Eccentricity

0.01671022[1]

Orbital period

365.256363004 d [2]
(1.00001742096 yr)

Average orbital speed

29.78 km/s[1]
(107200 km/h)

Mean anomaly

355.53 deg[3]

Inclination

  • 7.155 deg to Sun's equator;

  • 1.57869 deg[4] to invariable plane;

  • 0.00005 deg to J2000 Ecliptic

Longitude of ascending node

−11.26064 deg[1] to J2000 ecliptic

Argument of perihelion

102.94719 deg[1]

Satellites

  • One natural satellite;

  • 1070 operational artificial satellites;

  • 21000 pieces of debris over 10 cm 
    in size (as of 24 October 2013).[5]

Physical characteristics

Mean radius

6371.0 km[6]

Equatorial radius

6378.1 km[7][8]

Polar radius

6356.8 km[9]

Flattening

0.0033528[10]
1/298.257222101 (ETRS89)

Circumference

  • 40075.017 km (equatorial) [8]

  • 40007.86 km (meridional) [11][12]

Surface area

  • 510072000 km2[13][14][n 3]

  •  (148940000 km2 (29.2%) land

  •   361132000 km2 (70.8%) water)

Volume

1.08321×1012 km3[1]

Mass

5.97219×1024 kg[15]
(3.0×10-6 solar mass)

Mean density

5.514 g/cm3[1]

Surface gravity

9.807 m/s2[16]
(g)

Moment of inertia factor

0.3307[17]

Escape velocity

11.186 km/s[1]

Sidereal rotation period

0.99726968 d[18]
(23h 56m 4.100s)

Equatorial rotation velocity

1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s)[19]

Axial tilt

23 deg 26 min 21.4119 s[2]

Albedo

  • 0.367 geometric[1]

  • 0.306 Bond[1]

Surface temp.

min

mean

max

Kelvin

184 K[20]

288 K[21]

330 K[22]

Celsius

−89.2 °C

15 °C

56.7 °C


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