(4) Since 1990, South Africa has been moving

(1) Living Standards Improve

(2) Industrialization of Developing Nations

(3) The Decline of Imperialism and its Aftermath

(4) United Nations Membership Grows

Base your answers to questions 35 and 36 on the

quotation below and on your knowledge of social

studies.
“Kenyatta explained the flag. ‘Black is . . . for

black people. Red shows . . . [that] the blood

of an African is the same colour as the blood of

a European, and green shows . . . [that] when

we were given this country by God it was

green, fertile, and good.’ What he . . . must

mean . . . [is] that our lands could only be

regained by the blood (red) of the African

(black).”

— Karari Njama
35 As leader of the Mau Mau in the 1950s, Jomo

Kenyatta promoted these ideas as a way to

(2) imitate the practices of Mohandas Gandhi

(3) develop closer ties with England

(4) attract foreign investment to his nation

(1) imperialism (3) totalitarianism

34 One way in which Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)

of China, Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam, and Jomo

Kenyatta of Kenya were similar is that they all

(1) supported close ties with their former colonial powers

(2) opposed United Nations membership for

their governments

(3) led nationalistic movements in their nation

(4) resisted attempts to modernize their nation’s

political and social institutions
Jan. 2003

49 Mahatma Gandhi and Jomo Kenyatta were similar

in that both

(1) supported colonial policies

(3) led a worldwide boycott of British goods

(4) used violent revolution to achieve their aims


Africa - Independence

Regents Practice

June 2003

38 One similarity in the actions of Ho Chi Minh and

Jomo Kenyatta was that both leaders

(1) introduced Western ideas to their societies

(2) established democratic forms of government

(3) led nationalist movements

(4) supported separation of church and state

35 “. . . I saw that the whole solution to this problem

lay in political freedom for our people, for it is

only when a people are politically free that other

races can give them the respect that is due to

them. It is impossible to talk of equality of races

in any other terms. No people without a

government of their own can expect to be treated

on the same level as peoples of independent

sovereign states. It is far better to be free to

govern or misgovern yourself than to be governed

by anybody else. . . .”

— Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana: The Autobiography of

Kwame Nkrumah, Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1957
Which idea is expressed in this statement by

Kwame Nkrumah?

(1) free trade

(2) collective security

(4) peaceful coexistence

35 Which name would best complete this partial

outline?
I. African Nationalists of the 20th Century

A. Leopold Senghor

B. Jomo Kenyatta

C. Julius Nyerere

D. ________________________
(1) Atatürk [Mustafa Kemal]

(2) Ho Chi Minh

(3) José de San Martín

(4) Kwame Nkrumah


Africa - Independence

Map

Regents Practice
Jan. 2006

Base your answer to question 37 on the maps below and on your knowledge of social studies.

37 Based on these maps, which statement is accurate?

(1) Egypt and Ethiopia are no longer part of Africa.

(2) By 1980, most African countries had become independent.

(3) By 1950, most of Africa was controlled by Russia or the United States.

(4) The Union of South Africa was renamed Namibia.

South Africa - Apartheid

Regents Practice
Aug. 2000

40 A similarity of the goals of Nelson Mandela and

Mohandas Gandhi is that both leaders wanted to

1 secure political power for the majority of the people

2 encourage a greater degree of industrialization

3 improve the economy by expanding governmental control

4 gain independence from the Soviet Union

33 What was one factor that contributed to the

downfall of apartheid in the Republic of South Africa?

1 The African National Congress was outlawed.

2 Afrikaners demanded that only they should

have ruling power.

4 President de Klerk and Desmond Tutu were

imprisoned.
June 2001

48 “We are moving away from an era of resistance,

division, oppression, turmoil, and conflict and

starting a new era of hope, reconciliation, and

nation building.”

— Nelson Mandela, 1994

end of South Africa’s policy of

(2) containment (4) nonalignment

39 Which situation existed under the policy of

apartheid in South Africa?

(1) All people were guaranteed suffrage.

(2) The black majority held the most political power.

(3) Society was controlled by the white minority.

(4) Social inequality was eliminated.

43 “. . . I have walked that long road to freedom. I

have tried not to falter; I have made missteps

along the way. But I have discovered the secret

that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that

there are many more hills to climb. I have taken

a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the

glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on

the distance I have come. But I can rest only for

a moment, for with freedom comes

responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long

walk is not yet ended.”

— Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom,

Little, Brown and Co., 1994

hill,” he was referring to the struggle to

(2) modernize South Africa’s economy

(3) end economic sanctions against South Africa

(4) stop majority rule in South Africa

38 One way in which Lech Walesa, Mikhail

Gorbachev, and Nelson Mandela are similar is

that each

(2) fought for power for the black majority over

the white minority

(3) worked to end communism in his country

(4) refused to participate in the United Nations
Aug. 2005

37 The policy of strict racial separation and

discrimination that was implemented in the

Republic of South Africa is called

Base your answer to question 48 on the cartoon

below and on your knowledge of social studies.
48 The main theme of the cartoon is that Nelson

Mandela has been

1 imprisoned for life for his antiapartheid actions

2 faced with economic and social problems that

limit change

3 opposed to granting human rights to blacks in

South Africa

4 forced to lead the nation against his will

Base your answer to question 43 on the graphs below and on your knowledge of social studies.

43 The best conclusion that can be drawn from these graphs is that in 1991

(1) the Boers outnumbered the British in South Africa

(2) the black population has decreased due to emigration

(3) Asians controlled a greater proportion of income in comparison to their population