Grand Masters of the United Grand Lodge of England [ugle] and of Scotland
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- Edward Bligh
- Price: £ 650
- James Brydges , marquis of Carnarvon
- Frederick the Great. afterwards king of Prussia, was initiated into masonry
- Robert Raymond
- RAYMOND, 15 January 1731.
- 2nd Baron
4th Earl of Loudoun; General b. 5 May 1705, d. 27 Apr 1782, Loudoun Castle; unmarried GM UGLE 1736; FRS [AQC 113; 2000, pg. 69]
Campbell, John [4th Earl of Loudoun] (1705-1782) Commander-in-Chief of British forces in North America: Loudoun came to North America in 1756 to command troops in the French and Indian War. Expecting the colonists to pay for the war under his direction, he was surprised to find the Americans concerned about rights. The colonists were reluctant to fund the British war being fought in North America, and were clear about their opinions. Loudoun then changed the emphasis of his strategy, depending on troops organized and trained in England, and funded by English taxpayers. Insufficient support and encouragement from the British Government, the colonial assemblies, and the weather made it impossible for him to mount an offensive. Although he was less than successful militarily, Loudoun left behind a regular army that was well prepared to conquer Canada. ----------
On February 17, 1756, John Campbell, the 4th Earl of Loudoun, was appointed Captain- General and Governor-in-Chief of the Province of Virginia, and on March 20th Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in America. The historian, Bancroft, describes the middle aged Scottish Earl as being passionately zealous for the subordination and inferiority of the Colonies, utterly wanting in the qualities of a military officer, or of a statesman, or a man in any sort of business." His past military undertakings show from the very outset he was an officer utterly lacking in initiative, ability, courage or intelligence, and only a short sighted monarch would have dreamed of centering on him the powers and prerogatives which he was soon to assume. Even Benjamin Franklin, that great statesman, shook his head in wonder over the appointment, and later wrote in his autobiography -- On the whole I then wonder’d much, how such a Man came to be entrusted with so important a Business as the Conduct of a great Army; but having since seen more of the great World, and the means of obtaining & Motives for giving Places, & Employments, my Wonder is diminished. General Shirley, on whom the Command of the Army devolved upon the Death of Braddock, would in my opinion if continued in Place, have made a much better Campaign than that of Loudoun in 1757, which was frivolous, expensive, and disgraceful to our Nation beyond Conception. Franklin summed up Loudoun's character as one of which "...Indecision was one of the Strongest Features." But Loudoun was aristocratically oblivious to all his own shortcomings, and in order to bolster up his dignity and importance, his Commission (which was prepared by a friend of his, Chancellor Hardwick) described him as Governor of the central, ancient, and populous dominion of Virginia; -- a position that conferred on him powers which made him independent of any and all other Colonial Governors, and superior to them. The Governors of the several colonies were "ex officio" civil and military representatives of the King, but they could only take the initiative even in their own respective provinces in the absence of the "Governor-General," or "Continental Commander," or his representatives. This Commission, which was certainly contrary to the spirit of the British Constitution, was renewed successively and without change until the period of Independence, and was one of the contributing causes of the dissatisfaction which resulted in the overthrow of British domination. Interestingly enough, and a point frequently raised as a black mark against him, during his entire tenure Loudoun never set foot in the colony he was supposed to govern. In all fairness, however, that precedent had been set by a number of former "absentee governors" who accepted this plum political position without ever leaving England. However, none managed to initiate such chaotic havoc in such a short amount of time as did Lord Loudoun. According to Bancroft, Loudoun came to America under the impression that "he would unite the Colonies by military rule, sway the magistrates by authority, and compel its assemblies distinctly and precisely to understand that the King required of them a general fund to be issued and applied as the Commander-in-Chief should direct, and to provide all such charges as might arise from furnishing quarters." He arrived in New York on July 23, 1756, already several months overdue, with (according to historian and biographer Stanley Pargellis) "...a 'matter de hotel', a 'vallet de chamber', a cook, a groom, a coachman, a postillion, a footman, two mistresses (only one, Jean Masson, being specifically named), wine, plate, silverware, two secretaries, a surgeon, seventeen personal servants, loads of furniture, nineteen horses with their housings of green velvet and glack and gold, his traveling coach, his chariot, and his street coach." War with France had been declared by England in May, 1756, so that military activities had been under way in New England for some time. The leader of this mobilization was Governor Shirley of Massachusetts. He and Loudoun immediately clashed, for Loudoun did not consider himself a "leader, among equals" but undertook at once to put into operation the unusual powers bestowed upon him. He dismissed Shirley for incompetence and ordered him to return to England. The entire entourage then proceeded to Albany where Loudoun immediately assumed command of the forces assembled there. The settlement at Oswego had been threatened by the French forces, strongly reinforced by the Indians, and colonists appeals for help had been answered by Governor Shirley who had gathered here the regiments of New England, New Jersey, and New York, amounting to some 7000. The presence of the British regulars brought this number up to 10,000 not counting the garrison at Oswego. With such a force as this, under a competent leader, the situation might easily have been saved, but Loudoun procrastinated and did nothing. The result was that on August 12, 1756 the undermanned Fort at Oswego was attacked, and on the 14th it capitulated to the French General Montcalm. Many of the 1600 American defenders suffered death at the hands of the Indians, and many were taken prisoners. Webb, who commanded the garrison, fled to Albany in terror. Even after the fall of Oswego, Loudoun might have proceeded to carry the war into the enemy's country, and invade Canada; instead he disbanded the provincial soldiers, and then forcibly quartered the regular British troops - comprised mostly of the worst dredges of society, including hardened prisoners - upon the good people of New York and Philadelphia. In spite of their bitter protests to such an action, Loudoun turned a sour ear, compelling the populace by force to give food and shelter to the troops who had done nothing for their protection, or the safety of the frontier. In 1757 the Governors of Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland and Pennsylvania met in Philadelphia to discuss holding the existing boundaries and possibly extending their territory. In writing to the Prime Minister, William Pitt, Loudoun declares that At this critical juncture Benjamin Franklin was chosen to go to England and act as spokesman and representative of the colonists, but the House of Commons had already declared that "the colonists had no right to question the levies, nor to neglect the orders from the Crown." With the announced intention of besieging the French colony of Louisburg in Nova Scotia, Loudoun proceeded to Halifax, with 10,000 men and 16 ships of the line, and several frigates. Having arrived he laid out parade grounds, and established barracks, and went so far as to plant gardens so that the troops would be provided with vegetables in order to ward off scurvy. Here he conducted sham battles, mock skirmishes, and showy parades, sapping the fighting spirit of the men until mutiny began to smolder among the troops. Loudoun then gave orders to embark as though he would proceed to Louisburg, but before they could leave the harbor, news came that the French fleet was sighted and that it outnumbered that of the British by one ship. He immediately retreated back to New York without firing a shot or striking a blow. At this juncture Loudoun decided that Long Island be fortified and made the central point of defense of the Continent. In spite of the vast troops at his heel, he made no positive move to carry reinforcements to the colonists whose very lives were threatened. Meanwhile the men who were holding the frontier lines found no support or comfort either from Albany or from New York. News of the pitiful state of things was not slow in reaching England and the Parliament, and although Lord Sackville attempted to defend the conduct of Loudoun in failing to bring his military operations to a successful issue, William Pitt exploded in a rage. "Nothing is done. Nothing is attempted." He roared to Parliament. "We have lost all the waters. There is not a boat on the lakes. Every door is open to France." Benjamin Franklin was in England during this time, and wrote in his diary "...I understood that Mr. Pitt gave ... as one Reason for Removing this General, and sending Amherst & Wolf, that the Ministers never heard from [Loudoun] and could not know what he was doing." Parliament also had had enough, and ordered Loudoun to return home. Oblivious of his disgrace, Loudoun packed up his belongings and sailed back to Great Britain a month later in 1758, leaving behind a "trail of debris" of such proportions that the festering anger and resentment of the American people never healed. His abuses became instead a rallying cry for a full fledged revolt less than twenty years later. As fate would have it, the county which bears his name garnered the honor of sending the most men of any county in Virginia to fight for freedom in the Revolutionary War. In retrospect Loudoun never seemed to understand the spirit of the men who were founding the new nation, but sought to impose upon them the magisterial exercise of British authority. His vote in Parliament that the crown's authority in America "...should be sustained by fire and sword .." was badly misplaced, and during his short tenure as Commander in Chief, he never looked beyond his own misconceptions to see the true value and noble spirit of the people who proudly called themselves "American". Footnote: Loudoun went on to serve in the British army in Spain in 1762, as second in command, before returning home to Scotland for good a few years later. He died, unmarried, at his home in Scotland on April 27, 1782, a year before the British General Cornwallis surrendered to the American General George Washington at Yorktown. The title of Lord passed to his cousin John Mure Campbell, the third son of the second Earl of Loudoun. The family motto 'I Byde My Time' remains today with Loudoun County, Virginia as an almost forgotten legacy. Photograph of etching of the Ramsey portrait of John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, is courtesy of the Balch Library, Leesburg, VA. Owned by the Loudoun County Historical Society. --------------- 21. 28 Apr 1737 Edward Bligh, 2nd earl of Darnley in presence of the duke of Richmond, the earls of Crawford and Wemsys, lord Gray, and many other respectable brethren. The most remarkable event of the his lordship's administration, was the initiation of the late Frederick prince of Wales, his present majesty's father, at an occasional lodge convened for the purpose at the palace of Kew, over which Dr Desaguliers presided as Master. Lord Baltimore, col. Lumley, the hon. major Madden, and several other brethren, were present. His royal highness was advanced to the second degree at the same lodge; and at another lodge convened at the same place soon after, raised to the degree of a master mason. Edward Bligh b. 9 Nov 1715; d. 22 Jul 1747 Cobham Hall, Kent, unmarried, bur. Westminster Abbey http://www.thepeerage.com/p2931.htm#i29302 1737, age 21, FRS 1738, Grand Master UGLE
Father John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley, b. 28 Dec 1687 Mother Lady Theodosia Hyde, suo jure Baroness Clifton, b. 9 Nov 1695 http://www.shapero.com/index.php?detail=63037&type=book&dept=Early+English&cat=Early+English&subcat=&PHPSESSID=074378accbd9fb4714735cc9781381f4 [MASONIC ELECTION CARD] [Darnley] Grand Master You are desir'd to meet your brethren the Free and Accepted Masons [At Fishmongers Hall in Thames Street] On the 24th day of April at 12 a Clock at Noon, to chuse a Grand Master and other General Officers & to dine. No [: 567.] [10] Shillings. [6d]. N.B. No brother to be admitted uncloath'd, or arm'd. [London, 1737.]. Engraved invitation card (30 x 24cm), text encircled by a decorative border incorporating masonic symbolism of measuring instruments, compasses, mistletoe, signed by Sturt, completed in manuscript, black wax stamp with an excellent impression of the Freemasons Arms, in a fine state of preservation. A scarce engraved invitation card by John Sturt (1658-1730) for the election of the Grand Master of the Freemasons of England in 1737/8. Edward Bligh, 2nd Earl of Darnley (1715-1747), was Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge in 1737. Presumably this card relates to the election which voted in his successor, Henry, 2nd Duke of Chandos. The election would have been followed by a dinner. Darnley is recorded as being a member of the Lodge of Felicity No.58, which met at the Gun Tavern in Jermyn Street. He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1738 and was Lord of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales in 1742-7. He was buried at Westminster Abbey. The card must have been engraved before Sturt's death in 1730. An early and unusual survival from what was a formative period for Freemasonry.
------------------ 1738 - Papal Bull against Freemasonry Jan 1738 new edition of the Book of Constitutions, which brother James Anderson was ordered to prepare for the press; and which made its appearance --------------------- 22. 27 Apr 1738 Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos
The Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England (the 'Moderns') in 1738 was the Marquess of Carnaervon who became the Second Duke of Chandos and resided at West Lodge, Cockfosters. His son, the Third Duke, was also Grand Master of the 'Moderns' between 1754-1756 and lived at Minchenden House on Southgate Green. James Brydges, marquis of Carnarvon, afterwards 9th duke of Chandos invested 
At this assembly, the duke of Richmond; the earls of Inchiquin, Loudon and Kintore; lords Colerane and Gray; and a numerous company of other brethren, were present. James Brydges, 9th Duke of Chandos, b. 6 Jan 1674; d. 9 Aug 1744 http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/jbrydges.html Viscount Wilton; Earl of Caernarfon; Marquis of Caernarfon; Duke of Chandos His Chaplain, 1717, was J. T. Desaguliers James was the eldest son of James, 8th Lord Chandos of Sudeley, and Elizabeth the eldest daughter and co-heir of Sir Henry Barnard of Bridgnorth (Salop). His father was sent as Ambassador at Constantinople in 1680 and died 16th October 1714. The son was elected Member of Parliament for the City of Hereford in 1698 and sat for the same place until the accession of King George I when, on 19th October 1714, he was created Viscount Wilton and Earl of Caernarfon. On 30th April 1719, he was created Marquis of Caernarfon and Duke of Chandos. In 1707, he had been appointed Paymaster-General of the Forces Abroad, a lucrative office which he held until 1712. He employed his wealth in building a splendid house, Canons at Whitchurch, near Edgware (Middlesex), and began another, of which only two 'pavilions' were finished, in Cavendish Square. The last was discontinued upon his buying the Duke of Ormonde's house in St. James's Square. Three architects were employed and the Italian painters Purgotti and Paolucci. One of 'the ablest accountants in England' was appointed to superintend the expenses, which are said to have amounted to £200,000. Alexander Blackwell laid out the gardens. There was a magnificent chapel, in which was maintained a full choir. Handel spent two years at Canons. He composed twenty anthems for the service, and there produced his first English oratorio, 'Esther'. In December 1731, Alexander Pope published his 'Epistle to Lord Burlington,' in which occurs the famous description of Timon's villa, and Timon was at once identified with the Duke of Chandos. It was noted that Chandos had made a present of £500 to Pope. In the year 1732, appeared a spurious edition of the epistle, to which Hogarth prefixed a caricature representing Pope bespattering the Duke's coach. Pope indignantly denied the report in a letter to John Gay, signed by his friend William Cleland, and published in the newspapers of the day. He denied it also in his private correspondence to Lord Oxford, Caryll and Aaron Hill. He inserted a compliment to Chandos in the epistle on the 'Characters of Men,' first published in February 1733: "Thus gracious Chandos is beloved at sight". In spite of certain inapplicable details, there can be no doubt that Pope took some hints from Canons and should have anticipated the application. There is, however, no reason to suppose that he had received any favours from Chandos. A refusal to answer the charge would have been better than a denial which rather strengthened the general belief. The point is discussed in Mr. Courthope's introduction to the 'Epistle to Burlington'. Warburton, in a note to the edition of 1751, stated that some of Pope's lines were fulfilled by the speedy disappearance of Canons - thus, by an odd oversight, confirming the application which he denied. Daniel Defoe, in his 'Tour through Great Britain' (1725) describes the splendours of Canons in terms which recall Timon's villa. He says that there were 120 persons in the household -though Pope tells Hill that there were not 100 servants - and says that the choir entertained them every day at dinner. A poem called 'Chandos; or, the Vision' (by Gildon), was published in 1717, and another, on the same subject, by S. Humphreys, in 1728. Chandos got into difficulties by speculative investments and, in 1734, Jonathan Swift, in his verses on 'the Duke and the Dean,' says that 'all he got by fraud is lost by stocks.' He accuses Chandos of neglecting an old friend on becoming 'beduked.' On 31st August 1734, he had asked Chandos to present some Irish records, formerly belonging to Lord Clarendon, Lord-Lieutenant in 1685, to the University of Dublin. The failure of the request probably annoyed him. Swift, in his 'Characters of the Court of Queen Anne,' had called Chandos 'a very worthy gentleman, but a great compiler with every court.' In April 1721, the Duke was appointed Governor of the Charterhouse and, on 25 August, Lord-Lieutenant of Herefordshire and Radnorshire, offices to which he was again appointed in 1727 on the accession of George II. He was also Chancellor of the University of St. Andrews. He was thrice married: first, on 27th February 1697, to Mary (d.1712) the daughter of Sir Thomas Lake of Canons; secondly, to his 2nd cousin, Cassandra (d.1735) the daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby of Wollaton (Nottinghamshire); and thirdly, to Lydia Catherine the daughter of John Van Hatten and widow of Sir Thomas Davall of Ramsey (Essex). The 'Princely Chandos' died at Canons on 9th August 1744. He was buried under a gorgeous monument at Stanmore Parva, in the church which he had rebuilt in 1715, and was succeeded in the Dukedom by his second son, Henry, who was famous for buying his second wife from a Newbury ostler. Canons was sold for its materials by auction upon the 1st Duke's death. One William Hallet built a house with some of them on the vaults of the old one. The staircase was re-erected in Chesterfield House and the statue of King George I helped, until 1873, to make Leicester Square hideous. The Dowager Duchess took up residence at Shaw House, near Newbury, a fine property which her husband had purchased in 1721 but legal complications had prevented him from occupying until seven years later. She was buried in the church there upon her death in 1750. Edited from Leslie Stephens & Sidney Lee's "Dictionary of National Biography" (1891). ---------------- 15 Aug 1738 Frederick the Great. afterwards king of Prussia, was initiated into masonry, in a lodge in Brunswick, under the Scots constitution, being at that time Prince Royal. So highly did he approve of the initiation, that, on his accession to the throne, he commanded a Grand Lodge to be formed at Berlin, and for that purpose obtained a patent from Edinburgh. ----------------- 23. May 1739 Robert Raymond, 2nd Lord Raymond During the presidency of lord Raymond, no considerable addition was made to the list of lodges and communications were seldom honored with the company of the nobility. [This was the period of the schism between the Antient and Modern Grand Lodges]. http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/History/Barons/Extinct3Barons.html RAYMOND, 15 January 1731. Robert Raymond was created by king George the second baron Raymond, which title became extinct upon the death of Robert, second lord Raymond, 1753. http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/zworking/blundell01.htm A. Sir George Blundell, 2nd Bart of Blundell Manor, Sheriff of King's County (d c1665, 3rd or 4th son) m. (by 1642) Sarah Colley (d 25.02.1701, dau of Sir William Colley of Edenderry) i. Sir Francis Blundell, 3rd Bart of Blundell Manor and Edenderry (b 30.01.1643, d c1707)  m1. (01.12.1670/1) Ursula Davys (dsp bur 23.05.1673, dau of Sir Paul Davys, Secretary of State, by Mary Crofton)
m2. (1675) Anne Ingoldsby (d 14.07.1705, dau of Sir Henry Ingoldsby, 1st Bart of Beggestown) a. Sir Montague Blundell, Viscount Blundell (bpt 19.6.1689, d 19.08.1756) m. (09.1709) Mary Chetwynd (d 09.12.1756, dau of John Chetwynd of Grendon) (1) Mary Blundell m. (04.06.1733) William Trumbull of Easthampstead Park (2) Chetwynd Blundell m1. (25.06.1741) Robert Raymond, 2nd Lord (b c1717, dsp 19.09.1756) m2. (05.04.1762) Robert Bertie, Governor of Cork (b 14.11.1721, dsp 10.03.1782, Lt. Gen) (3)+ other issue - Montague (dvp unm 21.01.1732), Elizabeth < Robert Raymond, 1st Baron Raymond (1673-1733), Chief Justice http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/portrait.asp?LinkID=mp69446&rNo=0&role=sit by and published by John Simon, after James Maubert Date: circa 1700-1725 http://www.angeltowns.com/town/peerage/peersr1.htm Created 15 Jan 1731 1st Baron Robert Raymond b. 20 Dec 1673, d.18 Mar 1733 age 59; MP for Bishops Castle 1710-1715,Yarmouth; IOW 1715-1717, Ludlow 1719-1722 and Helston 1722-1727. Solicitor General 1710-1714. Attorney General 1720-1724. Chief Justice of the Kings Bench 1725-1732. PC 1725 Created 18 Mar 1733 to 19 Sep 1756 2nd Baron Robert Raymond b. c 1717, d. 19 Sep 1756 Peerage extinct on his death ------------------
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