Grey-headed Flying-fox Management Strategy for the Lower Hunter Grey-headed Flying-fox



Download 1.72 Mb.
Page12/22
Date19.10.2016
Size1.72 Mb.
#4690
1   ...   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   ...   22

Table 23.2Conclusion

A range of options exists to reduce the impact of development on the GHFF in the Lower Hunter. Opportunities exist to set aside high conservation value habitat for the GHFF, either through incorporation into conservation areas or through other mechanisms (e.g. VCA, PVP, Biocertification or Biobanking). Areas also occur where habitat restoration or re-creation programs could be undertaken. Should impact to GHFF habitat be unavoidable and not able to be mitigated, these options for offsetting the impact of development are available to ensure that development of areas identified through a review of the LHRS can be undertaken without significant impact to the GHFF if sufficient offset is provided.


The strategic approach to development undertaken through the LHRS review provides opportunities to comprehensively assess the cumulative impact of development on the habitat of the GHFF. It also can support improved planning and design of future developments so that current roosting habitat sites are appropriately management and consideration of the future role that any new urban environments can play in terms of providing foraging habitat whilst discouraging roosting behaviour is undertaken.
More accurate mapping products would be able to support site-based decision-making with regard to the GHFF without field-based site assessments; however, the maps provided in this study should be used at a landscape scale only. Further site assessments can be used in conjunction with reference to Appendix D and Section 6 of this study to determine impacts to GHFF foraging habitat. This can be applied to any development in the Lower Hunter and its use is encouraged beyond the review of the LHRS.
Table 23.3Conservation and rehabilitation Opportunities for the Flying-fox in the Lower Hunter

24.


s:\projects\geo02029 sewpac grey headed flying fox management strategy\drawings\pdf\finals for final\jpeg\2029-1040 illo 10.1 ghff in the lh summary.jpg

The project team members included:



Anna Lloyd

Ecologist


Dr Peggy Eby

Consultant Wildlife Ecologist


Veronica Silver

Ecologist



We would like to acknowledge assistance from many landholders whose property contains or adjoins GHFF camps and who have kindly provided access and information about roosting locations. We also particularly thank Bill Dowling and Ray Williams for assistance with fieldwork and knowledge of local camps as well as Wildlife Carers, Billie Roberts, John Martin and Karen Parry-Jones for assistance with information about camps.
Assistance was also gratefully received from the five local councils comprising the Lower Hunter, the Hunter Central Rivers CMA and staff from OEH, Forestry Corporation, Crown Lands Division and DSEWPaC.


Australian research Centre for Urban Ecology [ARCUE] (2009). Public Environment Report: Proposed relocation of a camp of Grey-headed Flying-foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) from the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. Unpublished report prepared for the Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney. Available online:http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/103590/Public_Environment_Report_Final.pdf

Australian Local Government Association [ALGA] (1999). National Local Government Biodiversity Strategy. Available online: http://alga.asn.au/site/misc/alga/downloads/publications/Bio_diversity_strategy_Executive_summary.pdf

Ballard G. (2004). The Human Dimensions of Grey-headed Flying-fox Management: surveys of NSW commercial fruit growers and the public (2003-2004). A report to NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, Sydney.

Bartholomew, G. A., Leitner, P. & Nelson, J. E. (1964). Body temperature oxygen consumption and heart rate in three species of Australian flying foxes. Physiol. Zool. 37, 179–198.

Birt, P (2005). National Population Assessment- Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus.

Birt, P. (2005) Mutualistic interactions between the nectar-feeding Little Red Flying fox Pteropus scapulatus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) and Eucalypts: habitat utilisation and pollination. PhD thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane.

Birt, P., Markus, N., Collins, L., and Hall, L., (2000). Urban Flying-foxes in Nature Australia.

Brisbane City Council [BCC] (2010). Flying-foxes – Conservation Action Statement. Accessed online: http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/2010%20Library/2009%20PDF%20and%20Docs/4.Environment%20and%20Waste/4.7%20Wildlife/environment_and_waste_flying_foxes_CAS_2010_d4.pdf

Cenwest Environmental Services (2010). Options for managing future occurrences of Grey-headed Flying-fox camps in Orange City, with particular reference to Cook Park & the immediate surrounds. Unpublished report for Orange City Council. Available Online : http://www.orangefruitgrowers.com.au/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/flyingfoxes.pdf

Collins, L., (1999). “Impact of periods of foot shortage on the body weight of grey-headed flying-foxes” in Proceedings of a Workshop to Assess the Status of the Grey-Headed Flying-Fox in New South Wales, Ed. G Richards. pp 99-101. Australasian Bat Society Inc.

Department of Environment and Conservation [DEC] (2004a). Nectar Food Trees - North east NSW. Natural Resource Management Advisory Series: Note 4. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/landholderNotes04NectarFoodTrees.pdf

Department of Environment and Conservation [DEC] (2004b). Flying-fox Camps - North east NSW. Natural Resource Management Advisory Series: Note 8. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/landholderNotes08FlyingFoxCamps.pdf

Department of Environment and Conservation [DEC] (2004c). Fleshy Fruited Fruit Trees - North east NSW. Natural Resource Management Advisory Series: Note 5. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/landholderNotes05FleshyFruitedTrees.pdf

Department of Environment and Climate Change [DECC] (2007a). Threatened Species Assessment Guidelines: The assessment of significance. DECC, Sydney. Available Online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/threatenedspecies/tsaguide07393.pdf

Department of Environment and Climate Change [DECC] (2007b). Flying-fox Camp Management Policy. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/policiesandguidelines/flyingfoxcamppol.htm

Department of Environment and Climate Change [DECC] (2007c). Fauna Corridors For Climate Change: Landscape Selection Process: Key Altitudinal, Latitudinal and Coastal Corridors for response to Climate Change: Hunter Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority (HCRCMA).

Department of Environment and Climate Change [DECC] (2008). Best practice guidelines for the Grey-headed Flying-fox, DECC, Sydney. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/threatenedspecies/08540tsdsflyingfoxbpg.pdf

Department of Environment and Climate Change and Water [DECCW] (2009a). Draft National Recovery Plan for the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus. Prepared by Dr Peggy Eby. Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, Sydney.

Department of Environment and Climate Change and Water [DECCW] (2009b). Lower Hunter Regional Conservation Plan. Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, Sydney. Accessed online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/protectedareas/09812LHRCP.pdf

Department of Environment and Climate Change and Water [DECCW] (2010). Australia’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010-2030. A report prepared by the National Biodiversity Strategy Review Task Group convened under the Natural resource Management Ministerial Council. Available Online: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/strategy-2010-30/pubs/biodiversity-strategy-2010.pdf

Department of Environment and Climate Change and Water [DECCW] (2011). Draft New South Wales Biodiversity Strategy 2010-2015. Prepared by the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW and Industry and Investment NSW for the NSW Government, Sydney. Available Online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/biodiversity/strategy/10821DraftBioStrat.pdf

Department of Environment and Heritage [DEH] (2003). EPBC Act Administrative Guidelines on Significance –Supplement for the Grey-headed Flying-fox. Available online: http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/publications/pubs/grey-headed-flying-fox.pdf

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts [DEWHA] 2010. Survey Guidelines for Australia’s Threatened Bats. EPBC Act Survey Guidelines 6.1. Available online: http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/publications/threatened-bats.html

Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources [DEWNR] (2012). Grey-headed Flying-foxes. Accesses online: http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/Plants_Animals/Living_with_wildlife/Grey-headed_flying_foxes December 2012.

See also http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CD0QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.sa.gov.au%2Ffiles%2F23925b2b-64d5-4998-9f49-9e7801079361%2Fdenr-news-110127-greyheadedflyingfoxes.pdf&ei=qIbKUMaKOo2jigepuIGQDQ&usg=AFQjCNEoKKQwFTHfiix-ZOprd9_GnGmB-A&sig2=l_2hg_0geLEcz76UjOLWHA



Department of Planning [DoP] (2006). Lower Hunter Regional Strategy. Available online: http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/regional/pdf/lowerhunter_regionalstrategy.pdf

Department of Planning [DoP] (2010). Newcastle-Lake Macquarie Western Corridor Planning Strategy. Available online: http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=fKUECrM1OEk%3D&...

Department of Premier and Cabinet [DPC] (2011). NSW 2021: A Plan to Make NSW Number One. NSW Government, Sydney. Available online: http://www.2021.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/NSW2021_WEB%20VERSION.pdf

Department of Primary Industries [DPI] (2010). Spotted Gum Fact Sheet. Accessed online: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/363806/Corymbia-maculata-variegata-henryi.pdf

Department of Sustainability and Environment [DSE] (2011). SOP: Nudging of Grey-headed Flying-fox at Yarra Bend Park. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. Available Online: http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/15057567/1427560363/name/DSE_GHFF_Nudging_SOP_Final_November_2011.pdf

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities [DSEWPaC] (undated_a). Map 5: The modelled distribution of the grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) with camps. Accessed Online: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/ghffmap05.pdf

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities [DSEWPaC] (undated_b). Known and historic campsites of grey-headed flying-foxes. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/national-camps-database.pdf

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities [DSEWPaC] (2012). Flying-foxes and National Environmental Law. Available online: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/flying-foxes.html

Divljan, A., Parry-Jones, K. and Wardle, G.M. (2006). Age Determination in the Grey-Headed Flying-fox. Journal of Wildlife Management 70(2): 607–611.

Divljan, A (2008). Population ecology of the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus: a study on the age-structure and the effects of mortality on a vulnerable species. PhD thesis. University of Sydney.

Divljan, A., Parry-Jones, K., Eby, P. (2011). Death and injuries to Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus shot at an orchard near Sydney, NSW. Australian Zoologist, 35: 698-710.

Duncan, A., Baker, GB & Montgomery, N. (Eds) (1999). The Action Plan for Australian Bats. Canberra: Environment Australia.

Eby, P. (1991). Seasonal movements of Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus (Chiroptera: Pterophodidae), from two maternity camps in northern New South Wales. Australian Wildlife Research, 18: 547-559.

Eby, P. (1995). The biology and management of flying-foxes in NSW. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville NSW.

Eby, P. (1996). Interactions between the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) and its diet plants – seasonal movements and seed dispersal. PhD Thesis, University of New England Armidale, NSW.

Eby, P. (1998). An analysis of diet specialisation in frugivorous Pteropus poliocephalus in Australian subtropical rainforest Australian Journal of Ecology 23:443-456.

Eby, P. (2000). “A case for listing grey-headed flying-fox Pteropus Poliocephalus as threatened in NSW under IUCN criterion A2” in Proceedings of a Workshop to Assess the Status of the Grey-Headed Flying-Fox in New South Wales, Ed. G Richards. pp 44-50. Australasian Bat Society Inc.

Eby, P. (2002). Using New South Wales planning instruments to improve conservation and management of Grey-headed Flying-fox camps. Pp. 240-250 in Managing the grey-headed flying-fox as a threatened species in NSW, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Mosman.

Eby, P. (2008). Overview of flying-fox biology and ecology In Workshop Proceedings: Ballina 2 July & Newcastle 3 July 2008. pp. 89-103. Compiled by Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW, South Sydney.

Eby, P. and Law, B (2008). Ranking the feeding habitats of Grey-headed fling foxes for conservation management. An unpublished report for The Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW) and The Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. October 2008. Main Report available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/threatenedspecies/GHFFmainreport.pdf

Lower North East NSW Report available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/threatenedspecies/GHFF09LNENSW.pdf



Eby, P. and Lunney, D. (2002). Managing the grey-headed flying-fox as a threatened species in NSW, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Mosman.

Eby, P. and Lunney, D. (2006). Recovery Plan for the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus. New South Wales Department of Environment and Conservation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Eby, P., Collins, L., Richards, G. and Parry-Jones, K. 1999. The distribution, abundance and vulnerability to population reduction of a nomadic nectivore, Pteropus poliocephalus during a period of resource concentration. Australian Zoologist 31: 240-253.

Eby, P., Martin, J., van der Ree, R., Roberts, B., Divljan, A., Parry-Jones, K. (2012). Famished – the responses of flying-foxes to food shortages in south-east Australia. Australasian Bat Society Newsletter 38: 32.

Fleming, T.H. and Eby, P. (2003). Ecology of Bat Migration. Pp. 156-208 in Ecology of Bats, edited by T.H. Kunz and M.B. Fenton. University of Chicago Press, Chicago USA.

Hall, L. and Richards G. (2000). Flying-foxes – fruit and blossom bats of Australia. UNSW Press, Sydney.

Hall, L. (2002). Management of flying-fox camps: what have we learnt in the last twenty five years? In Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a threatened Species in NSW. Edited by Peggy Eby and Daniel Lunney. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Sydney.

Halpin,K., Young, P.L., Field, H. and Mackenzie, J.S. (1999). Newly discovered viruses of flying foxes, Veterinary Microbiology, 68: 83-87.

Kuginis L., Byrne G., Serov P, Williams J.P. (2012). Risk assessment guidelines for groundwater dependent ecosystems, Volume 3 – Identification of high probability groundwater dependent ecosystems on the coastal plains of NSW and their ecological value, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Office of Water, Sydney

Larsen, E, Beck, M., Hartnell, E., Creenaune, M. (2002). Neighbours of Ku-ring-gai Flying-fox Reserve: community attitudes survey 2001. Pp. 225-239 in Managing the grey-headed flying-fox as a threatened species in NSW, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Mosman.

Law, B., Mackowski, C., Schoer, L. and Tweedie, T. (2000). Flowering phenology of myrtaceous trees and their relation to climatic, environmental and disturbance variables in northern New South Wales. Austral Ecology 25:160-178.

Mcdonald-Madden, E., Schreiber, E.S.G., Forsyth, D.M., Choquenot, D. and Clancy, T.F. (2005). Factors affecting Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus: Pteropodidae) foraging in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia. Austral Ecology: 30:600-608.

Martin, L., (2000). “Aspects of the reproductive biology of the grey-headed flying-fox that explain documented population declines, and support a threatened status” in Proceedings of a Workshop to Assess the Status of the Grey-Headed Flying-fox in New South Wales, Ed. G Richards. pp 91-96. Australasian Bat Society Inc.

Martin, L. and McIlwee, A.P. (2002). The reproductive biology and intrinsic capacity for increase of the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera), and the implications of culling. Pages. 91–108. In P. Eby, D. Lunney, editors. Managing the grey-headed flying-fox as a threatened species in New South Wales. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.

Martin, L., Kennedy, J.H., Little, L., Luckoff, H.C., O'Brien, G.M., Pow, C.S.T., Towers, P.A., Waldon, A.K. and Wang D.Y. (1996). The reproductive biology of Australian flying-foxes (genus Pteropus). Symposium of the Zoological Society of London. 67:167-184.

Menkhorst, P.W. (1995). Mammals of Victoria: distribution, ecology and conservation. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council [NRMMC] (2006). Australian Weeds Strategy – A national strategy for weed management in Australia. Australian Government Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra ACT. Available Online: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/publications/strategies/pubs/weed-strategy.pdf

Nelson, J.E. (1965). Behaviour of Australian Pteropodidae (Megachiroptera). Animal Behaviour. 13:544-557.

Newcastle City Council [NCC] (2006). Newcastle Biodiversity Strategy. Available online: http://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/20823/Newcastle_Biodiversity_Strategy.pdf

New South Wales Department of Primary Industries [DPI] 2012. Hendra Virus. Available Online: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/horses/health/general/hendra-virus

NSW Scientific Committee (2001). Final Determination to list the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus Temminick 1825, as a Vulnerable Species on Schedule 2 of the TSC Act 1995. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/GreyheadedFlyingFoxVulSpListing.htm

O’Brien, G.M. (2011). Phenotypic plasticity of flying-fox reproduction aligns the genome-encoded rhythm to environmental conditions. pp 146-154 in The Biology and Conservation of Australasian Bats, edited by B. Law, P. Eby, D. Lunney and L. Lumsden. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Mosman, NSW.

Office of Environment and Heritage [OEH] (2008a). Grey-headed Flying-fox Camps. Metadata for spatial file available online from OEH Data Download website. http://mapdata.environment.nsw.gov.au/DDWA/

Office of Environment and Heritage [OEH] (2008b). Grey-headed Flying-fox Camp Boundaries. Metadata for spatial file available online from OEH Data Download website. http://mapdata.environment.nsw.gov.au/DDWA/

Office of Environment and Heritage [OEH] (2012a). Grey-headed Flying-fox – species profile. Last updated 7 September 2012. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=10697

Office of Environment and Heritage [OEH] (2012b). Flying-foxes. Last updated 26 October 2012. Available online; http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/animals/flyingfoxes.htm

Office of Environment and Heritage [OEH] (2012c). Priority Action Statements for the Grey-headed Flying-fox. Last updated 26 October 2012. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/PasSearchSpecies.aspx

Office of Environment and Heritage [OEH] (2012d). Netting of commercial fruit-trees – guidelines to protect wildlife. Last updated 26 October 2012. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspecies/NettingOfCommercialFruitTrees.htm

Office of Environment and Heritage [OEH] (2012e). Cessnock Biodiversity Management Plan. Last updated 07 September 2012. Available online: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/biodiversity/cessnockmgtplan.htm

Parry-Jones, K., (2000). “Historical declines since the early 1900s, and current mortality factors and abundance of the grey-headed flying-fox in NSW” in Proceedings of a Workshop to Assess the Status of the Grey-Headed Flying-Fox in New South Wales, Ed. G Richards. pp 56-65. Australasian Bat Society Inc

Parry-Jones, K.A. and Augee, M.L. (1991). Food selection by grey-headed Flying-foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) occupying a summer colony site near Gosford, N.S.W Wildlife Research 18:111-24.

Parry-Jones, K.A. and Augee, M.L. (1992). Movements of Grey-headed Flying-foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) to and from a colony site on the central coast of New South Wales. Wildlife Research 19:331-40.

Parry-Jones, K. A. and Augee, M. L. (2001). Factors affecting the occupation of a colony site in Sydney, New South Wales by the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus (Pteropodidae). Austral Ecology, 26:47-55.

Parsons, J.G., Van Der Wal, J., Robson, S.K.A. and Shilton, L.A. (2010). The implications of sympathy in the spectacled and grey headed flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus and P. poliocephalus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Acta Chiropterologica 12(2):301-309.

Peacock, L., (2004). The Roost Preference of the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus, in New South Wales. Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW.

Pierson, E.D. and Rainey, W.E. (1992). The biology of flying foxes of the genus Pteropus: a review. Pacific Island flying foxes: proceedings of an international conservation conference (DE Wilson and GL Graham, eds.). United States Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report. Vol. 90. No. 23. 1992.

Pook, E.W., Gill, A.M. and Moore, P.H.R. 1997. Long term variation of litter fall, canopy leaf area and flowering in a Eucalyptus maculata forest on the south coast of New South Wales. Aust. J. Botany 45: 737-755.

Poore, M.E.D. 1955.The use of phytosociological methods in ecological investigations. I. The Braun-Blanquet system. J. Ecol. 43: 226-244.

Ratcliffe, F.N. (1931). The flying-fox (Pteropus) in Australia. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin No. 53: 1-81

Ratcliffe, F.N. (1932). Notes on the fruit bats (Pteropus spp.) of Australia. Journal of Ecology 1:32-57.

Roberts, B. (2005). Habitat characteristics of flying-fox camps in south-east Queensland. Honours thesis. Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland.

Roberts, B.J. (2006). Management of Urban Flying-fox Camps: Issues of Relevance to Camps in the Lower Clarence, NSW. Valley Watch Inc., Maclean.

Roberts, B. (2009). Ecology and management of flying-foxes in northern NSW. Presented to the Maclean flying-fox working group – November 2009.

Roberts, B.J., Catterall, C.C., Eby, P. and Kanowski, J.K. (2012a). Latitudinal range shifts in Australian flying-foxes: a re-evaluation. Austral Ecology, 37: 12–22.

Roberts, B.J., Catterall, C.C., Eby, P., and Kanowski, J.K. (2012b). Long-distance and frequent movements of the flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus: implications for management. PloS ONE, 7(8): e42532. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042532.

Roberts, B., Catterall, C.P., Kanowski, J., and Eby, P. (2008). A re-evaluation of the northern distributional limit of the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus’ in The Australasian Bat Society Newsletter, Number 31. The Australasian Bat Society.

Roberts, B.J., Eby, P., Catterall, C.P., Kanowski, J. and Bennett, G. (2011). The outcomes and costs of relocating flying-fox camps: insights from the case of Maclean, Australia. Pp 277-287 in The Biology and Conservation of Australasian Bats, edited by Bradley Law, Peggy Eby, Daniel Lunney and Lindy Lumsden. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Mosman, NSW, Australia. 2011. Available online: http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/358440/Roberts-et-al.pdf

Roberts, B., Kanowski, J., Catteral, C. (2006). Ecology and management of flying-fox camps in an urban region. Rainforest CRC and Environmental Sciences, Griffith University.

Scotts, D., 2003, Key Habitats and Corridors for Forest Fauna: A Landscape Framework for Conservation in North-east New South Wales, NSW NPWS Occasional Paper 32, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.

Sivertsen, D., Roff, A., Somerville, M., Thonell, J., and Denholm, B. 2011. Hunter Native Vegetation Mapping. Geodatabase Guide (Version 4.0), Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of Premier and Cabinet, Sydney, Australia.

Somerville, M (2009) Hunter, Central & Lower North Coast Vegetation Classification & Mapping Project Volume 2: Vegetation Community Profiles, report prepared by HCCREMS/Hunter Councils Environment Division for Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Tocal, NSW.

Smith, M., (2008). Managing Bats, The Coffs Harbour Way‟. In Workshop Proceedings: Ballina 2 July & Newcastle 3 July 2008. pp. 84-88. Compiled by Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW, South Sydney.

South-east Queensland Catchments [SEQ] (2012). Management and restoration of Flying-fox Camps: Guidelines and recommendations. Accessed Online: http://www.seqcatchments.com.au/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=103793

Southerton, S.G., Birt, P., Porter, J. and Ford, H.A. (2004) Review of gene movement by bats and birds and its potential significance for eucalypt plantation forestry. Australian Forestry 67(1): 44–53.

Threatened Species Scientific Committee (2001). Commonwealth listing advice on Pteropus poliocephalus (Grey-headed Flying-fox). Available online: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/p-poliocephalus.html

Tidemann, C. R. (1999). Biology and management of the grey-headed flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus. Acta Chiropterologica, 1(2):151-164.

Tidemann, C.R., and Nelson, J.E, (2004). Long-distance movements of the grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus). Journal of Zoology, London, 263, pp 141-146. The Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom.

Tidemann, C.R., Eby, P., Parry-Jones, K. and Vardon, M. (1999). Grey-headed-Flying-fox. Pages 31-35 in The Action Plan for Australian Bats, edited by A. Duncan, G.B. Baker and N. Montgomery. Environment Australia, Canberra.

van der Ree, R. (1999). Barbed Wire Fencing as a Hazard for Wildlife. Research report for The Victorian Naturalist. 116:210-217.

Vardon M. J. and Tidemann C. R. (2000). The black flying-fox (Pteropus alecto) in north Australia: juvenile mortality and longevity. Australian Journal of Zoology, 48(1):91-97.

Webb, N.J. and Tidemann, C. (1996). Mobility of the Australian flying-foxes, Pteropus spp. (Megachiroptera): evidence from genetic variation. Proceeding of the Royal Society London Series B 263:497-502.

West, C. (2002). Contemporary issues in managing flying-fox camps: a publicly-documented conflict from Maclean on the north coast of NSW, in Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a Threatened Species in New South Wales, pp 176-195. eds. P Eby and D Lunney. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman NSW.

Welbergen, J.A. (2005). The social organisation of the grey-headed flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus, PhD thesis University of Cambridge

Welbergen J.A., Klose S.M., Markus N. and Eby P. (2008) Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275: 419–425.

Westcott, M. (2010). e-Research Brief 2010/12 for Queensland Parliament. Available online: http://210.8.42.131/documents/explore/ResearchPublications/ResearchBriefs/2010/eRBR201012.PDF

Westcott, D.A., McKeown, A., Murphy, H., Fletcher, C.S. (2011). A monitoring method for the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus. Available Online: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/310112-monitoring-methodology.pdf

Williams, N. S. G., McDonnell, M. J., Phelan, G. K., Keim, L. D. and Van Der Ree, R. (2006). Range expansion due to urbanization: Increased food resources attract Grey-headed Flying-foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) to Melbourne. Austral Ecology 31:190-198.



Download 1.72 Mb.

Share with your friends:
1   ...   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   ...   22




The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message

    Main page