Screening is an effective method for detecting and preventing acute and chronic diseases. Health professionals need to know the recommended screening tests or practice tools that may lead to early detection or prevention of medical problems that cause morbidity and mortality if left undiagnosed and untreated. These include the recommendations contained in the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’s (USPSTF) Guide to Clinical Preventive Services 2014, and recommendations on screening by applicable organizations such as the National Center on Elder Abuse, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Neurology and the American Medical Association. Other public health concerns raised in this study are currently being developed within public health circles for improved standardized screening tools to help identify high risk health issues and guide patient education, such as those related to smoking cessation and exposure to second-hand smoke and varied health and public safety hazards related to illicit drug abuse in terms recognition and prevention. Health professionals are guided to stay informed of the evolving area of preventive health and the many resources available to educate patients and their families to avoid illness.
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True or False: The benefits of prostate cancer screening far outweigh the risks.
True
False
All newborns should be screened for
lipid disorders.
iron deficiency anemia.
phenylketonuria.
hypertension.
All pregnant women should be screened for
gonorrhea.
syphilis.
sickle cell disease.
skin cancer and lipid disorders.
All newborns should be screened for
sickle cell disease.
elevate cholesterol.
autism.
Hepatitis C.
True or False: Screening infants for hearing impairment is mandatory.
True
False
All newborns should be screened for
HIV.
diabetes.
Hepatitis B.
congenital hypothyroidism.
Which of the following is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States?
Diabetes
Alcohol
Tobacco
HIV
Which of the following is NOT true regarding cigarette smoking in the United State?
An estimated 40 million adults currently smoke cigarettes.
It accounts for more than 480,000 deaths every year.
Less than one million adults live with a smoking-related disease.
Smoking has declined from 20.9% adults in 2005 to nearly 16.8% in 2014.
Heath effects of second-hand smoke include
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
ear infections.
pneumonia.
All of the above
Which of the following is one of the three drugs that are approved by the Food and Administration (FDA) for assisting patients with smoking cessation?
Tamoxifen
Prescription opioids
Varenicline
Raloxifene
The USPSTF and the American Cancer Society recommends asymptomatic adults, aged 55 to 80 years, have annual screening with low dose computed tomography if they have a 30 pack-year history of smoking and currently smoke or have quit smoking
within the past 15 years.
within the past 5 years.
but started smoking again.
within the past year.
True or False: Second-hand smoke is smoke that is produced from burning tobacco or smoke that has been exhaled by someone using a cigarette and although second-hand smoke may be dangerous, there are safe levels of second-hand smoke.
True
False
The USPSTF advises or states that
clinicians should be aware of, and alert to the signs and symptoms of illicit drug use.
the evidence supports the benefits and harms of screening for illicit drug use.
drug use disorders and overdoses are consistent with one particular age group.
The American Dental Association in 2010 published guidelines about oral cancer screening stated or recommended
auto-fluorescence screening as the only proven tool.
tissue reflectance as the primary screening tool.
auto-fluorescence and tissue reflectance as the most effective screening tools.
oral inspection and tactile palpation as screening tools.
Congenital syphilis that is untreated can cause
spontaneous sequelae.
phenylketonuria.
early infant death.
neonatal phenylketonuria.
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?
diabetes.
family history of coronary heart disease.
gender.
age.
True or False: The four question CAGE screening test for alcohol use, which is familiar to many healthcare professionals, is NOT recommended as a screening tool for alcohol use as it is not highly sensitive or specific.
True
False
The USPSTF recommendations for cervical cancer screening for women aged 30-65 is
to screen with cytology more often than every 3 years.
screen three years with a Pap smear and HPV testing.
to not screen.
screen three years with a Pap smear.
The USPSTF recommendations for cervical cancer screening for women over the age of 65 who have had adequate prior screening and are not high risk is
to screen every 5 years.
screen three years with a Pap smear and HPV testing.
to not screen.
screen three years with a Pap smear.
The USPSTF states that screening for cervical cancer earlier than age 21 years
leads to more harms than benefits.
depends on the patient’s sexual history.
provides a modest decrease in cervical cancer.
should be done on a case-by-case basis.
True or False: The USPSTF recommends routine screening for skin cancer.
Blood pressure measurement is an important predictor of cardiovascular complications in people with
type 2 diabetes mellitus.
colorectal cancer.
iron deficiency anemia.
lipid disorders.
People who have sickle cell disease have hemoglobin S and when oxygen binds to _______________, red blood cells form an abnormal shape (the sickle shape).
hemoglobin C.
hemoglobin A.
hemoglobin A2.
hemoglobin S
Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the two
melanoma skin cancers.
non-melanoma skin cancers.
cancers reported in the cancer registries.
malignant melanomas.
True or False: Because of the increased use of sunscreens, incidences of malignant melanoma, and deaths from this cancer, have been decreasing for years.
True
False
The USPSTF recommends that __________ asymptomatic pregnant women be screened for iron deficiency anemia by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin levels.