| State Department Total Outlays, Source Comparison FY 15 - FY 18
(millions)
State Department and Foreign Assistance Spending
|
FY15
|
FY16
|
FY 16
|
FY17
|
FY 17
|
FY18
|
FY 18 2.5%
|
Congressional Budget Authority
|
52,922
|
56,374
|
59,629
|
57,493
|
60,283
|
42,303
|
56,698
|
Total Outlays
|
52,124
|
55,479
|
58,976
|
56,581
|
59,694
|
41,135
|
55,854
|
International Affairs (Function 150) and International Commissions (Function 300)
|
51, 988
|
54,713
|
55,301
|
54,268
|
59,083
|
40,176
|
55,854
|
OMB Total State + Int'l. Ass. Spending
|
47,448
|
46,953
|
46,953
|
55,295
|
55,295
|
56,244
|
56,244
|
State Department OMB Estimate
|
26,498
|
30,911
|
30,911
|
28,865
|
28,865
|
26,873
|
26,873
|
Int'l. Assistance OMB Estimate
|
20,950
|
16,042
|
16,042
|
26,430
|
26,430
|
29,371
|
29,371
|
Source: State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Organizations FY 17 & 18; OMB Historical Table 4.1
C. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is highly recommended to consolidate State Department and International Assistance rows. There is no such division in the State Department, Foreign Operation and Related Organizations congressional budget request and is believed to discredit half the State Department's ODA. There is about a 2.4% margin of error difference between these accounts and the State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Organizations FY 17 & 18 congressional budget justifications and current OMB estimates, that were low FY 15 & FY 16. The State Department is recommended to check the accuracy of subtotals, particularly the smaller ones, by beginning their work with a summary of subtotals, rather than the details. Congressional budget authority is calculated by adding Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund, DAC subsidy credits and export-import that are deleted from the outlay total. Although slightly higher, the outlay total is thought to synonymous with the International Affairs including Function 150 and 300, the highest total. The State Department is recommended to stop complicating their accounts by making a distinction between Enduring and Overseas Contingency Operations, Function 150 and 300 and start expressing their totals as congressional budget authority and outlays because they are generally accepted accounting practices (GAAP). In this table $6 billion is transferred from international security assistance to international organizations FY 18 2.5% by Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) No. 2017/11 9 March 2017.
State Congressional Budget Authority, Outlays and Subtotals FY 15 - FY 18
(millions)
State Department and Foreign Assistance Spending
|
FY15
|
FY16
|
FY 16
|
FY17
|
FY 17
|
FY18
|
FY 18 2.5%
|
State Programs
|
7,963
|
8,250
|
11,395
|
8,685
|
9,292
|
8,275
|
8,852
|
Embassy Security, Construction and Maintenance
|
2,324
|
2,222
|
2,222
|
2,357
|
2,873
|
1,142
|
2,468
|
Other Administration of Foreign Affairs
|
840
|
807
|
820
|
860
|
809
|
499.6
|
830.9
|
International Organizations
|
3,559
|
3,906
|
3,907
|
3,839
|
3,903
|
2,193
|
9,983
|
Related Programs
|
170.5
|
206.3
|
205.9
|
207
|
206
|
105.7
|
181.6
|
Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund
|
(158.9)
|
(158.9)
|
(158.9)
|
(158.9)
|
0
|
(158.9)
|
(158.9)
|
International Commissions (Function 300)
|
123
|
123
|
122.7
|
121
|
122.5
|
119
|
127.4
|
Broadcasting Board of Governors
|
744
|
750
|
750
|
773
|
748
|
685
|
792
|
US Institute of Peace
|
35
|
35
|
35.3
|
38
|
35.2
|
19
|
36
|
US Agency for International Development
|
1,401
|
1,517
|
1,527
|
1,672
|
1,547
|
1,412
|
1,545
|
Bilateral Economic Assistance
|
21,111
|
22,737
|
23,076
|
23,833
|
24,861
|
16,774
|
23,272
|
Development Credit Authority – Subsidy (DCA)
|
(40)
|
(40)
|
(40)
|
(60)
|
(40)
|
(60)
|
(40)
|
Independent Agencies
|
1,333
|
1,364
|
1,364
|
1,360
|
1,360
|
1,211
|
1,454
|
{Department of Treasury International Affairs Technical Assistance}
|
24.5
|
23.5
|
23.5
|
23.5
|
23.5
|
25.5
|
26.3
|
International Security Assistance
|
7,920
|
8,840
|
8,831
|
8,103
|
9,224
|
7,091
|
1,220
|
Multilateral Assistance
|
2,771
|
2,629
|
2,627
|
2,618
|
2,624
|
1,481
|
3,122
|
Export & Investment Assistance
|
(599)
|
(696)
|
(454)
|
(694)
|
(549)
|
(949)
|
(645)
|
U.S. Trade and Development Agency
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
80.7
|
59.8
|
12.1
|
63
|
Related International Affairs Accounts
|
87.4
|
91.2
|
91.8
|
95.3
|
91.6
|
90.4
|
97.7
|
Department of Agriculture
|
1,658
|
1,918
|
1,918
|
1,915
|
1,914
|
0
|
1,783
|
Congressional Budget Authority
|
52,922
|
56,374
|
59,629
|
57,493
|
60,283
|
42,303
|
56,698
|
Total Outlays
|
52,124
|
55,479
|
58,976
|
56,581
|
59,694
|
41,135
|
55,854
|
Source: Congressional Budget Justification. Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs. FY 17 & FY 18.
1. It was not possible to verify the accuracy or method of calculation of either Foreign Operations mega-sub-total or State Department and USAID (including 300) total only. The general finding is that State Department, Foreign Operation and Related Organizations congressional budget justifications is extremely long and therefore errors regarding subtotals and addition are almost inevitable, wherefore a 2.4% margin of error is thought to exist. Chronic addition disorder is complicated by the unecessary distinction between enduring and overseas contingency operations (OCO) contributions. To minimize addition errors it is advised that the State Department check subtotal accuracy a final time, to begin the annual congressional budget justification with an abbreviated State Departent, Foreign Operations and Related Organizations Congressional Budget Authority and Outlays by Subtotal. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and Administration for Children and Families (ACF) also have extremely long lists, similarly lacking in integrity, because there is no comprehensible total of subtotals, nicely summarized in the beginning of the annual congressional budget justification, that didn't mislead the Secretary to be elected Director of OMB. As a rule of law, the State Department is charged with 2.5% annual growth. Outlays in various programs have however grown at irregular rates, over the period FY 15- FY 18, that require suppression or subsidy according the best estimate of 2.5% growth for this time-period. The underlying grievance setting the stage for the total disputes regarding FY 17 and FY 18 is that the State Department FY 17 budget request International Assistance Function 300 and 150 total is $2 billion low, probably due to an addition error, undetected as the result of chronically undeclared revenue from passports etc. The flagrante delicto is that the new Secretary has dramatically increased spending FY 17 before unlawful FY 18 cuts and oil is far more flammable than ketchup. The total outlays and congressional budget authority estimates at the end of the following table are believed to be accurate. They are roughly $6 billion less because no attempt to appropriate the international security assistance, that must be prohibited, is made, as in the subtotal table before, resulting in the significantly lower $49.9 billion outlays {=International Affairs (Function 150) and International Commissions (Function 300)} and $50.7 billion congressional budget authority FY 18 estimates.
State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Budget Detail FY15 - FY18
(millions)
State Department and Foreign Assistance Spending
|
FY15
|
FY16
|
FY 16
|
FY17
|
FY 17
|
FY18
|
FY 18 2.5%
|
International Affairs (Function 150) and International Commissions (Function 300)
|
51, 988
|
54,713
|
55,301
|
54,268
|
59,083
|
40,176
|
49,853
|
International Affairs ( Function 150 Account) only
|
51,865
|
54,590
|
55,179
|
54,147
|
58,960
|
40,057
|
49,726
|
State Department and USAID (including 300) total only
|
47,773
|
50,655
|
51,117
|
50,075
|
54,887
|
37,611
|
47,280
|
Diplomatic Engagement & Related Accounts
|
{15,815
|
{16,299
|
{16,414
|
{16,889
|
{17,987
|
{13,036}
|
{16,316}
|
Diplomatic Engagement
|
{15,035
|
{15,514
|
{15,629
|
{16,073
|
{17,204
|
{12,332}
|
{16,134}
|
Administration of Foreign Affairs
|
{11,128
|
{11,280
|
{11,395
|
{11,903
|
{12,974
|
{9,916}
|
{12,151}
|
State Programs
|
{7,963}
|
{8,250}
|
{11,395
|
{8,685}
|
{9,292}
|
{8,275}
|
{8,852}
|
Diplomatic and Consular Programs
|
{7,907}
|
{8,184}
|
{8,285}
|
{8,672}
|
{9,226}
|
{8,260}
|
{8,837]
|
Ongoing Operations
|
4,789
|
4,789
|
4,890
|
4,958
|
4,906
|
4,503
|
5,029
|
Worldwide Security Protection
|
3,118
|
3,395
|
3,395
|
3,715
|
4,320
|
3,767
|
3,808
|
{Capital investment fund}
|
56.4
|
66.4
|
66.4
|
12.6
|
66.3
|
15
|
15
|
Embassy Security, Construction and Maintenance
|
{2,324}
|
{2,222}
|
{2,222}
|
{2,357}
|
{2,873}
|
{1,142}
|
{2,468}
|
Ongoing Operations
|
834
|
798
|
796
|
770
|
820
|
755
|
841
|
Worldwide Security Upgrades
|
1,491
|
1,424
|
1,426
|
1,587
|
2,053
|
388
|
1,627
|
Other Administration of Foreign Affairs
|
{840}
|
{807}
|
{820}
|
{860}
|
{809}
|
{499.6}
|
{830.9}
|
Conflict Stabilization Operations (CSO)
|
37.7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Office of the Inspector General
|
130
|
139
|
139
|
142
|
142
|
141
|
146
|
Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs
|
595
|
591
|
599
|
640
|
590
|
285
|
605
|
Representation Expenses
|
8.0
|
8.0
|
8.0
|
8.3
|
8.0
|
7
|
8.5
|
Protection of Foreign Missions and Officials
|
30.0
|
30.0
|
30.0
|
30.4
|
30.0
|
31
|
31.2
|
Emergences in the Diplomatic and Consular Services
|
7.9
|
7.9
|
11.9
|
7.9
|
7.9
|
8
|
8.1
|
Repatriation Loans Program Account
|
1.3
|
1.3
|
2.3
|
1.3
|
1.3
|
1.3
|
1.3
|
Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan
|
30
|
30
|
30
|
30
|
29.9
|
26.3
|
30.8
|
International Organizations
|
{3,559}
|
{3,906}
|
{3,907}
|
{3,839}
|
{3,903}
|
{2,193}
|
{3,983}
|
Contributions to International Organizations (CIO)
|
1,440
|
1,446
|
1,446
|
1,444
|
1,444
|
996
|
1,463
|
Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA)
|
2,119
|
2,461
|
2,460
|
2,395
|
2,459
|
1,196
|
2,520
|
Related Programs
|
{170.5}
|
{206.3}
|
{205.9}
|
{207}
|
{206}
|
{105.7}
|
{181.6}
|
The Asia Foundation
|
17
|
17
|
17
|
17
|
16.97
|
0
|
17.4
|
National Endowment for Democracy
|
135
|
170
|
170
|
170
|
169.7
|
103.5
|
145
|
East-West Center
|
16.7
|
16.7
|
16.7
|
16.7
|
16.7
|
0
|
16.7
|
Trust Funds
|
0.928
|
1.3
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
1.3
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
Center for Middle Eastern Western Dialogue
|
0.106
|
0.122
|
0.130
|
0.122
|
0.122
|
0.140
|
0.128
|
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program
|
0.265
|
0.4
|
0.189
|
0.350
|
0.399
|
0.158
|
0.285
|
Israeli Arab Scholarship Program
|
0.024
|
0.047
|
0.047
|
0.047
|
0.047
|
0.065
|
0.048
|
International Chancery Center
|
0.513
|
0.743
|
0.743
|
1.32
|
0.742
|
0.743
|
0.743
|
{Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund}
|
158.9
|
158.9
|
158.9
|
158.9
|
0
|
158.9
|
158.9
|
International Commissions (Function 300)
|
{123}
|
{123}
|
{122.7}
|
{121}
|
{122.5}
|
{119}
|
{127.4}
|
International Boundary and Water Commission
(IBWC) Salaries and Expenses
|
44.7
|
45.3
|
45.3
|
45.2
|
45.2
|
44.8
|
47.6
|
IBWC Construction
|
29
|
28.4
|
28.4
|
28.4
|
28.35
|
27.9
|
29.1
|
American Sections
|
{12.3}
|
{12.3}
|
{12.3}
|
{12.3}
|
{12.3}
|
{12.2}
|
{12.7}
|
International Joint Commissions
|
7.5
|
7.5
|
7.5
|
7.5
|
7.49
|
7.5
|
7.7
|
International Boundary Commission
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.3
|
2.5
|
Border Environment Cooperation Commission
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.39
|
2.4
|
2.5
|
{International Fisheries Commissions}
|
37
|
37
|
36.7
|
37
|
36.6
|
33.9
|
38
|
Broadcasting Board of Governors
|
{744}
|
{750}
|
{750}
|
{773}
|
{748}
|
{685}
|
{792}
|
International Broadcasting Operations
|
736
|
745
|
745
|
768
|
743
|
680
|
787
|
Broadcasting Capital Improvements
|
8
|
4.5
|
4.8
|
4.8
|
4.8
|
4.8
|
4.9
|
{US Institute of Peace}
|
35
|
35
|
35.3
|
38
|
35.2
|
19
|
36
|
Foreign Operations
|
{34,458
|
{36,405
|
{36,995
|
{35,737
|
{39,090
|
{27,049}
|
{31,898}
|
US Agency for International Development
|
{1,401}
|
{1,517}
|
{1,527}
|
{1,672}
|
{1,547}
|
{1,412}
|
{1,545}
|
USAID Operating Expenses (OE)
|
1,216
|
1,283
|
1,293
|
1,405
|
1,286
|
1,182
|
1,318
|
USAID Capital Investment Fund (CIF)
|
130.8
|
168.3
|
168.3
|
200
|
193
|
158
|
158
|
USAID Inspector General Operating Expenses
|
54.3
|
66
|
66
|
67.6
|
68.3
|
71.5
|
69.3
|
Bilateral Economic Assistance
|
{21,111
|
{22,737
|
{23,076
|
{22,540
|
{24,861
|
{16,774}
|
{23,272}
|
Global health programs USAID and State
|
8,458
|
8,503
|
8,651
|
8,577
|
8,487
|
6,481
|
8,792
|
Global health programs - USAID
|
(2,788)
|
(2,834)
|
(2,981)
|
(2,907)
|
(2,828)
|
(1,506)
|
(2,980)
|
Global health programs - State
|
(5,670)
|
(5,670)
|
(5,670)
|
(5,670)
|
(5,659)
|
(4,975)
|
(5,812)
|
Development Assistance (DA)
|
2,507
|
2,781
|
2,781
|
2,960
|
2,776
|
0
|
2,695
|
International Disaster Assistance (IDA)
|
1,895
|
2,794
|
2,794
|
1,957
|
3,409
|
2,508
|
2,006
|
Transition Initiatives
|
67
|
67
|
67
|
78
|
117
|
92
|
72
|
Complex Crises Fund (CCF)
|
50
|
30
|
30
|
30
|
29.9
|
0
|
0
|
Development Credit Authority – Subsidy (DCA)
|
(40)
|
(40)
|
(40)
|
(60)
|
(40)
|
(60)
|
(40)
|
DCA Administrative Expenses
|
8
|
8
|
8.1
|
10
|
8.1
|
9
|
8.4
|
Economic Support and Development Fund
|
4,886
|
4,302
|
4,494
|
6,081
|
5,329
|
4,938
|
5,253
|
Democracy Fund
|
131
|
151
|
150.5
|
150
|
150.2
|
0
|
141
|
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia
|
0
|
985
|
985
|
1,141
|
1,141
|
0
|
1,034
|
Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA)
|
3,059
|
3,066
|
3,066
|
2,799
|
3,364
|
2,746
|
3,219
|
U.S. Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA)
|
50
|
50
|
50
|
50
|
49.9
|
0
|
51.25
|
Independent Agencies
|
{1,333}
|
{1,364}
|
{1,364}
|
{1,360}
|
{1,360}
|
{1,211}
|
{1,454}
|
Peace Corps
|
380
|
410
|
410
|
410
|
409
|
398
|
431
|
Millennium Challenge Corporation
|
900
|
901
|
901
|
900
|
899
|
800
|
968
|
Inter-American Foundation
|
23
|
23
|
22.5
|
22
|
22.5
|
4.6
|
24
|
US African-Development Foundation
|
30
|
30
|
30
|
28
|
29.9
|
8.4
|
31.5
|
{Department of Treasury International Affairs Technical Assistance}
|
24.5
|
23.5
|
23.5
|
23.5
|
23.5
|
25.5
|
26.3
|
International Security Assistance
|
{7,920}
|
{8,840}
|
{8,831}
|
{8,103}
|
{9,224}
|
{7,091}
|
{1,220}
|
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLB)
|
1,292
|
1,212
|
1,212
|
1,138
|
1,236
|
892
|
0
|
Nonproliferation, antiterrorism, demining and related programs (NADR)
|
682
|
885
|
885
|
668
|
1,013
|
678
|
733
|
Peacekeeping Operations (PKO)
|
474
|
609
|
600
|
475
|
650
|
301
|
487
|
International Military Education and Training (IMET)
|
106
|
108
|
108
|
108
|
108
|
100
|
0
|
Global Security Continengy Fund
|
0
|
0
|
4.7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Foreign Military financing
|
5,366
|
6,026
|
6,021
|
5,714
|
6,217
|
5,120
|
0
|
Multilateral Assistance
|
{2,771}
|
{2,629}
|
{2,627}
|
{2,618}
|
{2,624}
|
{1,481}
|
{3,122}
|
International Organizations and Programs
|
340
|
339
|
337
|
333
|
338
|
0
|
365
|
Multilateral Development Banks and Related Funds
|
{2,327}
|
{2,290}
|
{2,291}
|
{2,303}
|
{2,286}
|
{1,480}
|
{2,424}
|
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
|
187
|
187
|
187
|
186
|
187
|
0
|
192
|
International Development Association (IDA)
|
1,288
|
1,197
|
1,197
|
1,195
|
1,195
|
1,097
|
1,385
|
African Development Bank
|
32
|
34
|
34
|
34
|
34
|
32.4
|
35.7
|
African Development Fund
|
176
|
176
|
176
|
214
|
175
|
171
|
185
|
Asian Development Bank
|
5.6
|
5.6
|
5.6
|
5.6
|
5.6
|
47.4
|
5.7
|
Asian Development Fund
|
105
|
105
|
105
|
105
|
105
|
0
|
108
|
Inter-American Development Bank
|
102
|
102
|
102
|
102
|
102
|
0
|
105
|
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
|
137
|
168
|
168
|
147
|
168
|
102
|
150
|
Clean Technology Fund
|
201
|
170
|
171
|
170
|
170
|
0
|
170
|
Strategic Climate Fund
|
63
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
North American Development Bank
|
0
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
9.98
|
0
|
10.25
|
International Fund for Agricultural Development
|
30
|
32
|
31.9
|
32
|
31.9
|
30
|
33.6
|
Global Agriculture and Food Security Programs
|
0
|
43
|
43
|
43
|
42.9
|
0
|
44
|
{International Monetary Fund}
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Export & Investment Assistance
|
{599}
|
{696}
|
{454}
|
{694}
|
{549}
|
{949}
|
{645}
|
Export-Import Bank
|
(426)
|
(473)
|
(279)
|
(433)
|
(173)
|
(652)
|
(458)
|
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPC)
|
(233)
|
(283)
|
(235)
|
(341)
|
(436)
|
(306)
|
(250)
|
U.S. Trade and Development Agency
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
80.7
|
59.8
|
12.1
|
63
|
Related International Affairs Accounts
|
{87.4}
|
{91.2}
|
{91.8}
|
{95.3}
|
{91.6}
|
{90.4}
|
{97.7}
|
International Trade Commission
|
85.4
|
88.8
|
89.4
|
92.9
|
89.2
|
88
|
95.2
|
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
|
2.0
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.5
|
Department of Agriculture
|
{1,658}
|
{1,918}
|
{1,918}
|
{1,915}
|
{1,914}
|
{0}
|
{1,783}
|
P.L. 480, Title II
|
1,466
|
1,716
|
1,716
|
1,713
|
1,713
|
0
|
1,576
|
McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition
|
192
|
202
|
202
|
202
|
201
|
0
|
207
|
Total Outlays
|
52,124
|
55,479
|
55,932
|
56,581
|
59,694
|
41,135
|
49,853
|
Congressional Budget Authority
|
52,922
|
56,374
|
56,585
|
57,493
|
60,283
|
42,303
|
50,697
|
Source: Congressional Budget Justification. Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs. FY 17 & FY 18. FY 16 "Rescission" inadequate to explain ex-post facto changes to FY 16 & FY 17 ~ ($117 million total - USAID OE $7.5 million, International Disaster Assistance $69 million, Economic Support Fund $11.4 million, Global Health Programs USAID $29 million)
D. A Special Fund was established by the Assembly in its resolution 1240 (XIII) of 14 October 1958 to provide, inter alia, “systematic and sustained assistance in fields essential to the integrated technical, economic and social development of the less developed countries”. Official Development Assistance (ODA) is a statistic first compiled by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1959. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) was established by the General Assembly in its resolution 2029 (XX) of 22 November 1965. Official Development Assistance (ODA) became a basic pillar of the global community around 1970. High-income countries were called on to become donors to poor countries. The Partners in Development report suggested that the high-income countries donate around 1 percent of their GDP to help the low-income countries to overcome poverty. Of that 1 percent of national income, around two-thirds, specifically 0.7 percent of national income should come through official channels, mainly government-to-government grants and low-interest loans. The remaining 0.3 percent of GDP should come through private contributions, mainly from corporations, foundations, individual philanthropists and charitable organizations. In 1970 the UN General Assembly formally adopted the goal that high-income countries should provide 0.7 percent of their national income to ODA. The Annual Report of the Administrator of the year 2003 marked an important milestone for UNDP. For the first time, total resources exceeded US $3 billion. More than half of these resources are allocated as emergency assistance to people suffering from conflict and disaster.
1. MDG Goal 8 Clause A.C., calls for “more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction”. ODA has been the most efficient measurement of international economic cooperation. ODA fell out of use during the neo-liberal 1990s, growing only 10.5%, from $52.7 billion to $58.3 billion, over the 12 years till 2002, 0.8% annually. Then, awakened to international responsibility by the global conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, ODA grew rapidly, with the objective of achieving the MDGs, to $69.1 billion in 2003, 18.5% growth, plus $33 billion from the Madrid Conference on the Iraq Reconstruction Fund - $97.13 billion annual total. In 2004, ODA rose to $79.4 billion,14.9% growth, to $107.1 billion in 2005, phenomenal 35% growth. Aid however dropped 5.1 per cent from $106.8 billion in 2005 – a record high – to $103.9 billion in 2006 and went down to $103 billion for 2007. Subsequently, aid has stagnated, the hot air about the Framework Convention on Climate Change doesn’t hold the Law of the Sea. Energy prices and insecurity at the bank cut into donor confidence in 2006 and receipts by developing nations declined to $104.4 billion, 2.5% growth, dropping again in 2007 to $103.5 billion, -0.9% growth. United by the economic crisis and obligated to fulfill the 2015 goal of contributing 0.7% of GDP to ODA as collateral for IMF loans ODA picked up to $119.8 billion, 15.7% growth in 2009. The G-8 called for $154 billion ODA in 2010, 17.1% annual growth, and this growth in ODA seems to be sustainable. Insulated against negative GDP growth by the unfulfilled obligation to contribute 0.7% of GDP aid levels are expected to continue to grow even in a downturn. Commitments need to increase to achieve the estimated $200 billion annual cost of achieving the MDGs by 2015 and 0.7-1% of GDP rate.
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