How Journalists Shaped American Foreign Policy: a case Study of
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The Imperialist Imaginary, 109.
152 Jack London, “The Unparalleled Invasion” in Dale L Walker, Ed., Curious Fragments (Port Jefferson NY: Kenkat Press, 1976), 119. 153 Ibid. 154 “The menace to the Western world lies not in the little brown man, but in the four hundred millions of yellow men should the little brown man undertake their management.” Jack London Reports, 346 155See Tsuneishi Keiichi, “Unit 731 and the Japanese Imperial Army’s Biological Warfare Program. See also Stephen Endicott, The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. Critics have strongly challenged Endicott’s key points concerning the alleged use of germ warfare in the Korean War. 156 Jeanne Campbell Reesman, Jack London: A Study of the Short Fiction (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1999), 91. 157 See Metraux, 310-315. 158 Sunset Magazine, December 1909. 159 Earl Labor, Jack London: An American Life (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2013), 188. 160 Ibid. 161 For detailed comments on London’s convoluted travel to Korea and his time there, see Daniel Metraux, The Asian Writings of Jack London (Lewiston NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2010). 162 Quoted in Métraux, 289. 163 Jack London, People of the Abyss (New York: Lawrence Hill Books, 1995). 164 For the full text of London’s Russo-Japanese War, see Daniel A. Metraux, Ed., The Asian Writings of Jack London: Essays, Letters, Newspaper Dispatches and Short Fiction (Lewiston NY: Edward Mellen Press, 2009), 153-294. 166 London, Abyss, 78. 167 Ibid., 46. 168 Ibid., 47. 169 Ibid. 170 Young-Hee Chang “Korean Sources and References in Jack London’s Star Rover” in The Call: The Magazine of the Jack London Society, 21.2 (2010), 10. 171 Quoted in Métraux, 297, 199. 172 Ibid., 294-95. 173 Quoted in Métraux, 248-251. 174 Ibid., 248-249. 175 Quoted in Métraux, 248-251. 176 Reesman and Hodson, op. cit. 177 Jeanne Campbell Reesman and Sara S. Hodson, Jack London: Photographer (Athens GA and London: The U of Georgia Press, 2010), 65. 178 One issue greatly aggravating Japanese-South Korean relations today is Japan’s continual refusal to apologize for such matters as the Comfort Women episode. 179 Frederick Arthur McKenzie was a newspaper correspondent who wrote a number of books and articles on geopolitical developments in East Asia during the early decades of the twentieth century. He was born in Quebec in 1869 and often described himself as a Scots-Canadian. Despite his Canadian heritage, McKenzie worked as a British journalist employed by British publications. He worked briefly for the Pall Mall Gazette and later as a roving East Asian correspondent for the Daily Mail. His many books on conflicts in East Asia from Tokyo to Tiflis: Uncensored Letters from the War (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1905); The Unveiled East (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1907); The Tragedy of Korea (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1908); and Korea’s Fight for Freedom (London: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1920). McKenzie had already made his way to Korea before Jack London’s arrival and the two of them traveled with one or more other reporters with the Japanese army as it marched north to Manchuria. He died in 1931. 180 McKenzie, The Unveiled East, 19. 181 Ibid., 9. 182 Hilary Conroy, The Japanese Seizure of Korea: A Study of Realism and Idealism in International Relations (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1960), 345. 183 Ibid., 62-65. 184 Tragedy of Korea, 150-151. 186 Ibid., 84-85. 187 Frederick Arthur McKenzie, The Tragedy of Korea (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1908), 131. 188 McKenzie, Unveiled East, 13. 189 Quoted in McKenzie, Korea’s Fight for Freedom, 142-143. 190 Ibid., 141. 191 Ibid. 146. 192 Ibid., 162-164. 193 Quoted in Dudden, 117. 194 Hilary Conroy, The Japanese Seizure of Korea: 1868-1910. Philadelphia: U Penn Press, 1974, 347. 195 He ran for President in 1896 and 1900 against McKinley and in 1908 against Taft. 196 William Jennings Bryan, The Old World and Its Ways (St. Louis: The Thompson Publishing Company, 1907). 197 These articles by Bryan appeared on the cover page of The Commoner in February and March 1906: “Japanese Customs and Hospitality” (2 February); “Japan—Her History and Progress” (9 February); “Japan: Her Industries, Arts and Commerce” (16 February); “Japan: Her Educational System and Her Religions” (23 February); “Japan—Her Government, Politics and Problems” (2 March); “Korea—The Hermit Nation” (9 March). 198 It is clear that he had read widely on both countries and that he was most familiar with the work of Lafcadio Hearn who had died a year before Bryan’s visit to Japan. 199 Bryan, The Old World, 25. Since all of the articles in The Commoner were later published as is in his book, The Old World, all references hereafter for Bryan are from this 1907 book. 200 Michael Kazan, A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan (New York: Anchor, 2007), 127-128. 201 Kazan, 128-129. 202 Bryan, 88. 203 Bryan, 86. Bryan adds:” With a broader educational foundation Japan will find it necessary to extend the suffrage. At present the right to vote is determined by a strict property qualification, but there is already an urgent demand for the reduction of the tax qualification, and it will not be long before a large addition will be made to the voting population (88).” 204 Bryan, 79. 205 Bryan, 93. 206 Bryan, 96. 207 Bryan, 96-97. 208 Bryan, 98. 209 Bryan, 98. 210 Here Bryan is referring to the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. 211 Bryan, 88-89. 212 Bryan, 99-100. 213 Edward R. Beauchamp, An American Teacher in Early Meiji Japan (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1976). 214 William E. Griffis, Korea: The Hermit Nation (New York: Scribner’s, 1882 and 1888). 215 William Elliot Griffis, “Kim the Korean” in The Outlook, 5 March 1904, 543-549. 216 William Elliot Griffis, Corea: The Hermit Nation (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1889) quoted in Bruce Cumings, Korea’s Place in the Sun (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), 130. 217 Griffis, Kim, 454. 218 Ibid. 543-544. 219 Ibid., 543-544. 220 Ibid., 544. 221 Today known as Jeju Island. 222 Griffis, Kim, 545. 223 Ibid., 547. 224 Fukuzawa wrote: “There are no innate status distinctions between the noble and the base, the rich and the poor. It is only the person who has studied diligently, so that he has a mastery over things and events who becomes noble and rich, while his opposite becomes base and poor.” Quoted in Kenneth Herschel, A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Super Power (New York: Palgrave, 2012), 84. 225 Griffis, Kim, 548. 226 Quoted in Thom Burns, “America’s ‘Japan:’ 1853-1952” in Kyoto Journal (40) 1999, 26. 227 Thomas Franklin Millard, The New Far East: An Examination into the New Position of Japan and Her Influence upon the Solution of the Far East Question (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1907). 228 Millard, 15-16. 229 Millard, 16. 230 Millard, 19. 231 Millard, 110. Koreans have long memories. Much of their fear and hatred of Japan stemmed from the Japanese invasions of the 1590s which brought so much carnage and destruction to Korea. Those anti-Japanese feelings persist to the present. Over the past few years my college has had an exchange relationship with a Seoul-based women’s college which has brought us over fifty Korean female students. When I interviewed them about their feelings about Japan, the almost unanimous response was while they liked and got on well with young Japanese females as individuals, they harbored very negative feelings about Japan the country and the Japanese government. 232 Ibid., 85. 233 Ibid., 85. 234 Ibid., 87. 235 Millard, 112. Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2017 2017 -> Leadership ohio 2017 -> Ascension Lutheran Church Counter’s Schedule January to December 2017 2017 -> Board of directors juanita Gibbons-Delaney, mha, rn president 390 Stone Castle Pass Atlanta, ga 30331 2017 -> Military History Anniversaries 16 thru 31 January Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U. S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U. 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