Impact turns + answers – bfhmrs russia War Good


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Impact Turns Aff Neg - Michigan7 2019 BFHMRS
Harbor Teacher Prep-subingsubing-Ho-Neg-Lamdl T1-Round3, Impact Turns Aff Neg - Michigan7 2019 BFHMRS

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Pandemics spread quickly and are especially dangerous in underdeveloped nations


Quinn and Kumar, 14— PhD, is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Senior Associate Director of the Maryland Center for Health Equity, and Professor, Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park AND PhD, MPH, is Research Assistant Professor, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. (Sandra Crouse and Supriya, “Health Inequalities and Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Challenge for Global Health Security,” Biosecur Bioterror, 9/1/14, 12(5): 263–273, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170985/, AS)

In today's global society, infectious disease outbreaks can spread quickly across the world, fueled by the rapidity with which we travel across borders and continents. Historical accounts of influenza pandemics and contemporary reports on infectious diseases clearly demonstrate that poverty, inequality, and social determinants of health create conditions for the transmission of infectious diseases, and existing health disparities or inequalities can further contribute to unequal burdens of morbidity and mortality. Yet, to date, studies of influenza pandemic plans across multiple countries find little to no recognition of health inequalities or attempts to engage disadvantaged populations to explicitly address the differential impact of a pandemic on them. To meet the goals and objectives of the Global Health Security Agenda, we argue that international partners, from WHO to individual countries, must grapple with the social determinants of health and existing health inequalities and extend their vision to include these factors so that disease that may start among socially disadvantaged subpopulations does not go unnoticed and spread across borders. These efforts will require rethinking surveillance systems to include sociodemographic data; training local teams of researchers and community health workers who are able to not only analyze data to recognize risk factors for disease, but also use simulation methods to assess the impact of alternative policies on reducing disease; integrating social science disciplines to understand local context; and proactively anticipating shortfalls in availability of adequate healthcare resources, including vaccines. Without explicit attention to existing health inequalities and underlying social determinants of health, the Global Health Security Agenda is unlikely to succeed in its goals and objectives.

There is increasing recognition that global health and security are linked together.2-5 In February 2014, multiple federal agencies in the United States, including the Departments of Health and Human Services, Defense, State, and Agriculture, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and others, united to introduce an agenda for global health security.3 Working with global partners from the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, and 30 countries, these federal agencies have committed multiple collaborative efforts to strengthen global abilities to anticipate, monitor, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks, either naturally occurring or man-made, over the next 5 years.6



In today's global society, infectious disease outbreaks can spread quickly throughout the world, fueled by the rapidity with which we travel across borders and continents. Given the recent emergence of novel infectious agents (eg, H7N9 influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, or MERS-CoV), there is a renewed focus on pandemic planning. The overarching goal of the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) is to “Prevent Avoidable Epidemics: including naturally occurring outbreaks and intentional or accidental releases,” with a specific objective of “Reducing the number and magnitude of infectious disease outbreaks.”3 Another goal, “Respond rapidly and effectively to biological threats of international concern,” has as an objective: “Improving global access to medical and non-medical countermeasures during health emergencies.”3 To meet these goals, it is essential to focus on existing health inequalities and the social determinants that drive them.


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