Informative Maps on pda-phones

Figure 10 A one-dimensional state space landscape in which elevation corresponds to

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Chui (2006)

2.4. Current Status There is currently some electronic map guides in the market and below are some of the most popular GIS applications on handheld devices. 2.4.1. HK Explorer

Figure 10 A one-dimensional state space landscape in which elevation corresponds to
the value of the heuristic cost function or objective function. Hill-climbing search modifies
the current state to try to improve it, as shown by the arrow.
2.3.4. A Search
A* search evaluates nodes by combining g(n), the cost to reach the current node , and h(n), the estimated cost to get from the current node to the goal f(n) = g(n) + h(n). [14] It then visits the node with the smallest evaluated value. In such away, it can ensure the completeness which it guarantees to find a solution if one exists. Furthermore, A search can obtain a path which is optimal providing that h(n) is an admissible heuristic, i.e., it never overestimates the cost to reach the goal. It is important since when A terminates, it by definition has found a path whose actual cost is lower than the estimated cost of any other path through any open node. On the other hand, due to the optimization of those estimates, A can safely ignore those nodes and ensure that it will not overlook the possibility of a lower-cost path. [15]

CS) Informative Maps on PDA-phones
Chui Pui Ling Page 20
2.4. Current Status
There is currently some electronic map guides in the market and below are some of the most popular GIS applications on handheld devices.
2.4.1. HK Explorer
It is an electronic PDA map guide in Hong Kong developed by CentaSolution Limited with technical supports from Mappa Systems Ltd and Unifysoft Ltd. It made use of base map provided by Lands Department and comprehensive geo- coded databases from CentaMap which is a practical tool for PDA users to enrich their city walk and utilize the capability of PDA gadget [16]. Main features and functionalities of HKExplorer areas below.
1. Six viewing levels of which closeup building/street locations and general view of the area can be shown
2. Detail transportation information with more than 1200 public bus route is provided
3. Map can be panned in all directions by drag-and-drop
4. Intelligent search is provided to find the location by building name, street, landmark, district, restaurant, entertainment facility or motorist information.
5. Information retrieval is easy by clicking icons on a thematic map
6. Note can betaken an a position of the map Weaknesses

CS) Informative Maps on PDA-phones
Chui Pui Ling Page 21 1. GPS is not support and thus no location information can be given
2. Memory is required for program and data storage
3. Dynamic update of program or information is not possible
4. No transportation methods is provided to show how the user can go to the destination

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