A- (3) prefix meaning "not," from Gk a-, an- "not," from pie base *ne "not" (see un-)

rendezvous --- 1591, "place for assembling of troops," from M.Fr. rendez-vous, noun use of rendez vous "present yourselves," from rendez, imperative of rendre "present" + vous "you." General sense of "appointed place of meeting" is attested from 1594. The verb is from 1645.

rendition --- 1601, "surrender of a place or possession," from obs. Fr. rendition "a rendering," from O.Fr. rendre "to deliver, to yield" (see render). Meaning "translation" first recorded 1659; that of "an acting, a performing" first recorded 1858, Amer.Eng.

renegade --- 1583, "apostate," probably (with change of suffix) from Sp. renegado, originally "Christian turned Muslim," from M.L. renegatus, prop. pp. of renegare "deny" (see renege). General sense of "turncoat" is from 1665. The form renegate, directly from M.L., is attested in Eng. from c.1375.

renege --- 1548, from M.L. renegare, from L. re-, intensive prefix, + negare "deny" (see deny).

renew --- 1382, from re- "again" + M.E. newen "resume, revive, renew;" on analogy of L. renovare. Renewable is recorded from 1727; in ref. to energy sources, it is attested from 1971.

rennet (1) --- inner membrane of a calf's stomach, c.1400, probably from an unrecorded O.E. *rynet, related to gerennan "cause to run together," because it makes milk run or curdle; from P.Gmc. *rannijanan, causative of *renwanan "to run" (see run). Cf. Ger. rinnen "to run," gerinnen "to curdle."

rennet (2) --- variety of apple, c.1568, from Fr. reinette, lit. "little queen," dim. of reine "queen," from L. regina (see Regina).

renounce --- c.1380, from O.Fr. renoncer, from L. renuntiare "proclaim, protest against, renounce," from re- "against" + nuntiare "to report, announce," from nuntius "messenger" (see nuncio).

renovation --- 1432, renovacyoun "spiritual rebirth," also "rebuilding, reconstruction," from L. renovationem (nom. renovatio), from renovatus, pp. of renovare "renew, restore," from re- "again" + novare "make new," from novus "new" (see new). The verb renovate is recorded from 1522.

renown --- c.1300, from Anglo-Fr. renoun, O.Fr. renon, from renomer "make famous," from re- "repeatedly" + nomer "to name," from L. nominare "to name." The M.E. verb renown has been assimilated to the noun via renowned "famous, celebrated" (c.1375).

rent (1) --- payment for use of property, 1137, from O.Fr. rente, from V.L. *rendita, prop. fem. pp. of rendere "to render" (see render). The verb is attested from 1362, from the noun. Rental (n.) "thing let out for rent" is recorded from 1952, Amer.Eng. Prefix rent-a- first attested 1921, mainly of businesses that rented various makes of car (Rentacar is a trademark registered in U.S. 1924); extended to other "temporary" uses since 1961.

rent (2) --- torn place, 1535, noun use of M.E. renten "to tear, rend" (c.1366), variant of renden (see rend).

rentier --- 1881, from Fr., "holder of rental properties or investments that pay income," from rente (see rent (1)).

renunciation --- 1399, from L. renuntiationem (nom. renuntiatio), from renuntiatus, pp. of renuntiare "renounce" (see renounce).

reoccupy --- 1807, from re- "back, again" + occupy (q.v.).

reoccurrence --- 1817, from re- "back, again" + occurrence (see occur).

reopen --- 1733, from re- "back, again" + open (v.) (q.v.).

reorganize --- 1681, from re- "back, again" + organize (q.v.).

reorient --- 1933 (trans.), 1937 (intrans.), from re- "back, again" + orient (v.) (q.v.). Reorientate is recorded from 1933; reorientation is from 1920.

reovirus --- 1959, coined by Dr. Albert B. Savin, acronym for respiratory enteric orphan virus; "orphan" because it was not connected to any of the diseases it is associated with.

rep --- 1705 as abbreviation of reputation; as a shortening of repetition it is recorded from 1864, originally school slang; as a shortening of representative, especially "sales representative," it is attested from 1896. As an abbreviation of repertory (company) it is recorded from 1925.

repair (1) --- to mend, to put back in order, 1387, from O.Fr. reparer, from L. reparare "restore, put back in order," from re- "again" + parare "make ready, prepare" (see pare). The noun is attested from 1595.

repair (2) --- go to (a place), c.1300, from O.Fr. repairer "to frequent, return (to one's country)," earlier repadrer, from L.L. repatriare "return to one's own country" (see repatriate).

reparable --- 1570, from M.Fr. reparable (16c.), from L. reparabilis "able to be restored," from reparare "restore" (see repair (1)).

reparation --- c.1384, "reconciliation," from L.L. reparationem (nom. reparatio) "act of repairing, restoration," from L. reparatus, pp. of reparare "restore" (see repair (1)). Meaning "act of repairing or mending" is attested from c.1400. Reparations "compensation for war damaged owed by the aggressor" is attested from 1921, from Fr. réparations (1919).

repartee --- c.1645, "quick remark," from Fr. repartie "an answering blow or thrust" (originally a fencing term), noun use of fem. pp. of O.Fr. repartir "to reply promptly, start out again," from re- "back" + partir "to part, depart, start" (see part). Meaning "a series of sharp rejoinders exchanged" is from 1688.

repast --- c.1300, from O.Fr. repast "a meal," from L.L. repastus "meal," prop. pp. of repascere "to feed again," from L. re- "repeatedly" + pascere "to graze" (see pastor).

repatriation --- 1592, from L.L. reparationem, from repatriatus, pp. of repatriare "return to one's own country," from L. re- "back" + patria "native land."

repay --- 1467 (implied in repayment), from O.Fr. repaier, from re- "back, again" + payer "to pay" (see pay).

repeal --- c.1300, from Anglo-Fr. repeler (O.Fr. rapeler) "call back, revoke," from re- "back" + apeler "to call" (see appeal). The noun is attested from 1483.

repeat --- c.1375, from O.Fr. repeter "say or do again, get back, demand the return of" (13c.), from L. repetere "do or say again, attack again," from re- "again" + petere "go toward, seek, demand, attack" (see petition). Specific meaning "to take a course of education over again" is recorded from 1945, Amer.Eng. The noun is first recorded 1556.

repel --- c.1421, "to drive away, remove," from O.Fr. repeller, from L. repellere "to drive back," from re- "back" + pellere "to drive, strike" (see pulse (1)). Meaning "to affect (a person) with distaste or aversion" is from 1817. Repellent (adj.) is recorded from 1643, from L. repellentem, prp. of repellere; originally of medicines (that reduced tumors); meaning "distasteful, disagreeable" first recorded 1797. The noun sense of "substance that repels insects" first recorded 1908.

repent --- c.1290, "to feel regret for sins or crimes," from O.Fr. repentir (11c.), from re-, intensive prefix, + V.L. *penitire "to regret," from L. poenitire "make sorry," from poena (see pain). The distinction between regret (q.v.) and repent is made in many modern languages, but the differentiation is not present in older periods. Repentance is recorded from c.1300, from O.Fr. repentance (12c.).

repercussion --- c.1400 (implied in repercussive) "act of driving back," from M.Fr. répercussion (14c.), from L. repercusionem (nom. repercussio), from repercussus, pp. of repercutere "to strike or beat back," from re- "back" + percutere "to strike or thrust through" (see percussion). Meaning "reverberation, echo" first recorded 1595; the metaphoric extension is recorded from 1625.

repertoire --- a stock of plays, songs, etc., 1847, from Fr. répertoire, from L.L. repertorium "inventory" (see repertory).

repertory --- 1552, "index, list, catalogue," from L.L. repertorium "inventory, list," from L. repertus, pp. of reperire "to find, get, invent," from re-, intensive prefix, + parire, archaic form of paerere "produce, bring forth," from PIE base *per- "attempt" (see parent). Meaning "list of performances" is first recorded 1845; repertory theater is attested from 1896.

repetition --- 1526, "act of saying over again," from L. repetitionem (nom. repetitio), from repetitus, pp. of repetere "do or say again" (see repeat). Of actions, attested from 1597. Repetitious is recorded from 1675; repetitive is from 1839.

rephrase --- 1895, from re- "back, again" + phrase (v.) (see phrase).

repine --- 1449, probably from re-, intensive prefix, + pine (v.) "yearn."

replace --- 1595, "to restore to a previous place," from re- "back, again" + place (v.). Meaning "to take the place of" is recorded from 1733. Replacement "act or fact of being replaced" is from 1790; meaning "something that replaces another" is attested from 1894.

replant --- 1575, from re- "back, again" + plant (v.) (q.v.).

replay (v.) --- 1884, in sporting jargon, from re- "back, again" + play (v.). Of recordings, attested from 1922. The noun is from 1895.

replenish --- 1340, from O.Fr. repleniss-, extended prp. stem of replenir "to fill up," from re-, intensive prefix, + -plenir, from L. plenus "full" (see plenary).

replete --- 1382, from O.Fr. replet "filled up" (14c.), from L. repletus, pp. of replere "to fill," from re-, intensive prefix, + plere "to fill," related to plenus "full" (see plenary).

replevin --- recovery of goods (by someone) taken from him, upon posting of security, 1461, from Anglo-Fr. (1347), Anglo-L. replevina (13c.), from O.Fr. replevir (v.), from re- "back, again" + plevir, of uncertain origin, perhaps related to pledge (q.v.).

replica --- 1824, from It. replica "copy, repetition, reply," from L. replicare "to repeat" (see reply). Properly, a copy of a work of art made by the original artist. Replicate, in this sense, is from 1882; genetic sense is first recorded 1957.

replication --- c.1374, "action of folding back," also "legal reply, rejoinder" (c.1386), from Anglo-Fr. replicacioun, O.Fr. replication, from L. replicationem (nom. replicatio) "a reply, repetition, a folding back," from replicatus, pp. of replicare "to repeat, reply," lit. "to fold back" (see reply). Meaning "copy, reproduction" first recorded 1692. Replicate "to make a replica of" is from 1882; specifically of genetic material from 1957.

reply --- c.1385, from O.Fr. replier "to reply, turn back," from L. replicare "to reply, repeat," lit. "fold back," from re- "back, again" + plicare "to fold" (see ply). The noun is first recorded 1560. Mod.Fr. répliquer is directly from L.L.

repoint --- 1849, from re- "back, again" + point (v.).

report (n.) --- c.1374, "an account brought by one person to another, rumor," from O.Fr. report (Mod.Fr. rapport), from reporter "to tell, relate," from L. reportare "carry back," from re- "back" + portare "to carry" (see port (1)). Meaning "formal statement of results of an investigation" first attested 1661; sense of "teacher's official statement of a pupil's work and behavior" is from 1873 (report card first attested 1929). Meaning "resounding noise" is from 1590. The verb is attested from c.1386. Reporter (c.1386) in the newspaper sense is from 1798; hence reportorial, irregular formation first recorded 1858. Reportage "the describing of events" is from 1891.

repose (1) --- lie at rest, 1470, from M.Fr. reposer, from O.Fr. repauser (10c.), from L.L. repausare "cause to rest," from L. re-, intensive prefix, + L.L. pausare "to stop" (see pause). The noun is attested from 1509.

repose (2) --- put, place, c.1420, from L. repos-, stem of reponere "put back, put away," from re- "back, away" + ponere "to put, place" (see position). Or perhaps formed in M.E. from O.Fr. poser, on model of disposen "dispose."

reposition (n.) --- 1588, from L.L. repositionem (nom. repositio), from L. repositus, pp. of reponere (see repose (2)). The verb is first attested 1859.

repository --- 1485, "vessel, etc., for storage," from L.L. repositorium "store," in classical L., "a stand on which food is placed," from reposit-, pp. stem of reponere "put away, store." Fig. use is recorded from c.1645.

repossess --- 1494, "to reoccupy," from re- "back, again" + possess (q.v.). Meaning "take back from a purchaser who defaults on payments" first recorded 1933.

reprehend --- c.1340, from L. reprehendere "seize, restrain," lit. "pull back," from re- "back" + prehendere "to grasp, seize" (see prehensile). Reprehensible is recorded from 1382.

represent --- 1375, "to bring to mind by description," from O.Fr. representer (12c.), from L. repræsentare, from re-, intensive prefix, + præsentare "to present," lit. "to place before" (see present (2)). Meaning "to symbolize, to be the embodiment of" is from c.1380. Legislative sense is attested from 1655. Representation "image, likeness" is from c.1425; legislative sense first attested 1769.

representative (adj.) --- serving to represent, 1378, from O.Fr. representatif (1330), from M.L. repræsentativus, from L. repræsentare (see represent), Meaning "standing for others" is from c.1624; in the political sense of "holding the place of the people in the government, having citizens represented by chosen persons" is first recorded 1628. Noun use first recorded 1647; first used 1694 in noun sense of "member of a legislative body."

repress --- c.1374, "to check, restrain," from L. repressus, pp. of reprimere "hold back, check," from re- "back" + premere "to push" (see press (v.1)). Used of feelings or desires from 1390; in the purely psychological sense, it represents Ger. verdrängen (Freud, 1893), first attested 1904 (implied in repressed). Meaning "to put down" (a rebellion, etc.) is from 1471.

reprieve (v.) --- 1571, "take back to prison," from M.E. repryen "to remand, detain" (1494), probably from M.Fr. repris, pp. of reprendre "take back" (see reprise). Meaning "to suspend an impending execution" is recorded from 1596. Sense evolved because being sent back to prison was the alternative to being executed. The noun is first attested 1598.

reprimand (n.) --- 1636, from Fr. réprimande, from M.Fr. reprimende "reproof," from L. reprimenda "that is to be repressed" (as in reprimenda culpa "fault to be checked"), fem. sing. of reprimendus, gerundive of reprimere "reprove" (see repress). Spelling infl. in Fr. by mander "to summon." The verb is first recorded 1681.

reprint --- 1551 (v.), 1611 (n.), from re- "back, again" + print (q.v.).

reprisal --- 1419, "seizing property or citizens of another nation in retaliation for loss inflicted on one's own," from Anglo-Fr. reprisaille (1352), from O.Fr. reprisaille, from early It. ripresaglia, from ripreso, pp. of riprendere "take back," from L. reprendere, earlier reprehendere (see reprehend). General sense of "retaliation" is from 1710.

reprise (n.) --- 1433, "yearly deduction from charges upon a manor or estate," from O.Fr. reprise "act of taking back," fem. of repris, pp. of reprendre "take back," from L. reprendere (see reprisal). Meaning "resumption of an action" is from 1685. Musical sense is from 1879. The verb is attested from c.1450.

reproach (n.) --- c.1420, from O.Fr. reproche (12c.), from reprocher "to blame, bring up against," said by some Fr. etymologists to be from V.L. *repropiare, from L. re- "opposite of" + prope "near." But others suggest *reprobicare, from L. reprobus/reprobare (see reprobate). The verb is attested from c.1489.

reprobate (adj.) --- 1545, "rejected as worthless," from L.L. reprobatus, pp. of reprobare "disapprove, reject, condemn," from L. re- "opposite of, reversal of previous condition" + probare "prove to be worthy" (see probate). The noun is recorded from 1545, "one rejected by God." Sense of "abandoned or unprincipled person" is from 1592. Earliest form of the word in Eng. was a verb, meaning "to disapprove" (1432).

reprocess --- 1939, from re- "back, again" + process (v.).

reproduce --- 1611, "to produce again," from re- "again" + produce (v.), probably on model of Fr. reproduire (16c.). Sense of "make a copy" is first recorded 1850; that of "produce offspring" is from 1894. Reproductive in biological sense is recorded from 1836. Reproduction is attested from 1659, "act of creating again;" sense of "generation of living things" is from 1782; meaning "a copy" is from 1807.

reprogram --- 1963 (implied in reprogramming), from re- "back, again" + program (v.).

reproof --- c.1300, "shame, disgrace," from O.Fr. reprove, from reprover "to blame" (see reprove). Meaning "censure, rebuke" is recorded from c.1350.

reprove --- 1303, from O.Fr. reprover, from L.L. reprobare "disapprove, reject, condemn" (see reprobate).

reptile --- 1390, from O.Fr. reptile (1314), from L.L. reptile, neut. of reptilis (adj.) "creping, crawling," from rept-(um), pp. stem of repere "to crawl, creep," from PIE base *rep- "to creep, crawl" (cf. Lith. replioju "to creep"). Used of persons of low character from 1749.

republic --- 1604, "state in which supreme power rests in the people," from Fr. république, from L. respublica (abl. republica), lit. res publica "public interest, the state," from res "affair, matter, thing" + publica, fem. of publicus "public" (see public). Republican (adj.) "belonging to a republic" is recorded from 1712; in noun sense of "one who favors a republic" it is recorded from 1697; and in sense of a member of a specific U.S. political party (the Anti-Federalists) from 1782, though this was not the ancestor of the modern Republican Party, which dates from 1854. Republicrat in U.S. political jargon usually meaning "moderate," is attested from 1940.

repudiate --- 1545, "to cast off by divorce," from adj. meaning "divorced, rejected, condemned" (1464), from L. repudiatus, pp. of repudiare "to divorce or reject," from repudium "divorce, rejection," from re- "back, away" + pudium, probably related to pes-/ped- "foot." The original notion may be of kicking something away, but folk etymology commonly connects it with pudere "cause shame to." Of opinions, conduct, etc., attested from 1824.

repugnant --- 1387, from L. repugnantem (nom. repugnans), prp. of repugnare "to resist," from re- "back" + pugnare "to fight" (see pugnacious).

repulsion --- 1412, "repudiation," from L.L. repulsionem, noun of action from repellere (see repel). Meaning "action of forcing or driving back" is attested from 1547. Repulse (n. and v.) are attested from 1533, originally in Bellenden's Livy, from L. repulsus, pp. of repellere. Adj. repulsive is attested from 1611, from Fr. repulsif (14c.), from M.L. repulsivus, from pp. stem of repellere. Originally it meant "able to repel;" the sense of "causing disgust" is first recorded 1816.

reputation --- c.1380, from L. reputationem (nom. reputatio) "consideration," from reputatus, pp. of reputare "reflect upon, reckon," from re- "repeatedly" + putare "to reckon, consider" (see putative).

request (n.) --- c.1330, from O.Fr. requeste (Fr. requête) "a request," from V.L. *requæsita, from L. requisita "a thing asked for," fem. of requisitus "requested, demanded" (see requisite). The verb is first recorded 1533.

requiem --- mass for repose of the soul of the dead, c.1303, from L. requiem, accusative sing. of requies "rest (after labor), repose," from re-, intensive prefix, + quies "quiet" (see quiet). It is the first word of the Mass for the Dead in the Latin liturgy: "Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine ...."

requiescat --- name of a prayer for the repose of the dead, 1824, from L. phrase requiescat in pace (often abbreviated R.I.P.), lit. "may he begin to rest in peace," from inceptive of requies "rest, repose" (see requiem).

require --- c.1300, "to ask a question, inquire," from O.Fr. requerre, from V.L. *requærere, from L. requirere "seek to know, ask," from re- "repeatedly" + quærere "ask, seek" (see query). The original sense of this word has been taken over by request. Sense of "demand (someone) to do (something)" is from 1751, via the notion of "to ask for imperatively, or as a right" (1380).

requisite --- 1472, from L. requisitus, pp. of requirere (see require). The noun requisition is attested from 1503, from O.Fr. requisition, from L. requisitionem (nom. requisitio) "a searching," from requisitus; the verb is recorded from 1837.

requite --- 1529, from M.E. re- "back" + quite "clear, pay up" (see quit).

re-route (v.) --- 1929, from re- "back, again" + route (v.).

rerun (v.) --- 1804, in ref. to races, from re- "back, again" + run (q.v.). The noun, in ref. to filmed television, is recorded from 1934.

resale --- 1625, from re- "back, again" + sale (q.v.).

reschedule (v.) --- 1966, from re- "back, again" + schedule (v.).

rescind --- 1637, from L. rescindere "to cut off, tear off, abolish," from re- "back" + scindere "to cut, split" (see shed (v.)).

rescue --- c.1300 (n. and v.), from stem of O.Fr. rescourre, from re-, intensive prefix, + escourre "to cast off, discharge," from L. excutere "to shake off, drive away," from ex- "out" + -cutere, combining form of quatere "to shake" (see quash).

research --- 1577, "act of searching closely," from M.Fr. recerche (1539), from O.Fr. recercher "seek out, search closely," from re-, intensive prefix, + cercher "to seek for" (see search). Meaning "scientific inquiry" is first attested 1639. Phrase research and development is recorded from 1923.

resemble --- 1340, from O.Fr. resembler (12c.), from re-, intensive prefix, + sembler "to appear, to seem, be like," from L. simulare "to copy."

resent --- 1605, from Fr. ressentir "feel pain, regret," from O.Fr. resentir (13c.), from re-, intensive prefix, + sentir "to feel," from L. sentire (see sense).

reservation --- c.1380, "act of reserving," from M.Fr. reservation, from L.L. reservationem (nom. reservatio), from L. reservatus, pp. of reservare (see reserve). U.S. Indian tribe sense is recorded from 1789, originally in ref. to the Six Nations in New York State. Meaning "act or fact of engaging a room, a seat, etc." is from 1904, originally Amer.Eng.

reserve (v.) --- 1340, from O.Fr. reserver, from L. reservare "keep back, save back," from re- "back" + servare "to keep, save, preserve, protect" (see observe). The noun meaning "something stored up" is from 1658. Reserved (in manner) first recorded 1601 in Shakespeare ("All's Well" v.3).

reservoir --- 1690, "a place where something tends to collect," from Fr. réservoir "storehouse," from O.Fr. reserver "to reserve" (see reserve). Specific meaning "artificial basin to collect and store a large body of water" is from 1705.

reshuffle (v.) --- 1830, of cards, 1899, of organizations, from re- "back, again" + shuffle (v.).

reside --- c.1460, "to settle," from O.Fr. resider, from L. residere "to remain behind, rest," from re- "back, again" + sedere "to sit" (see sedentary). Meaning "to dwell permanently" first attested 1578. Resident first recorded 1382, as an adj.; the noun meaning "one who resides" is from 1487. Meaning "medical graduate in practice in a hospital as training" first attested 1892, Amer.Eng.

residence --- c.1380, from M.L. residentia, from L. residentem (nom. residens) "residing, dwelling," prp. of residere "reside" (see reside). Residential is attested from 1654, "serving as a residence;" meaning "having to do with housing" is from 1856.

residue --- 1362, from O.Fr. residu, from L. residuum "a remainder," neut. of residuus "remaining, left over," from residere "remain behind" (see residence). Residual (adj.) is from 1570.

resign --- c.1374, from O.Fr. resigner, from L. resignare "to check off, cancel, give up," from re- "opposite" + signare "to make an entry in an account book," lit. "to mark" (see sign). The sense is of making an entry (signum) "opposite" -- on the credit side -- balancing the former mark and thus canceling the claim it represents. The meaning of "give up a position" is first recorded 1387. Sense of "to give (oneself) up to some emotion or situation" is from 1718.

resilience --- 1626, from L. resiliens, prp. of resilire "to rebound, recoil," from re- "back" + salire "to jump, leap" (see salient). Cf. result.