An economic analysis of college athlete graduation rates: a closer look at title IX

Appendix II: Stationarity Tests

VARIABLE	Im, Pesaran, Shin W-stat	ADF – Fischer Chi-Square	PP Fisher Chi-Square
AGRADRATE	-1.69453**	160.961**	340.055*
GRADRATE2	-12.4337*	199.411*	390.307*
SIZE2	-34.8308*	251.665*	210.596*
TITLEIX	-105.613*	173.247*	230.555*
BLACK2	-30.1710*	257.087*	390.203*
WHITE	-3.33531*	173.340*	205.444*
ASIAN2	-10.9431*	157.254*	333.555*
HISPANIC2	-14.5995*	234.957*	295.610*
ATHSUC	-4.47572*	194.182*	270.924*

*Significant at 0.01, **Significant at 0.05

The above results are from the individual intercept test equation. Each variable was also tested in the individual and trend and also with none. These results were very similar.

Appendix III: Variance Inflation Factor

VARIANCE INFLATION FACTOR
Variable		VIF	Variable		VIF
Division1AA	.52	2.08	Black2	.32	1.47
Division2	.44	1.79	Hispanic2	.08	1.09
Tier3	.72	3.57	Gradrate2	.06	1.06
Tier4	.68	3.13	Pubpri	.25	1.33
TitleIX	.50	2.00	Size2	.12	1.14
Asian2	.07	1.08	Athsuc	.23	1.30
White	.02	1.02

1^ Deborah Anderson, John Cheslock, and Ronald Ehrenberg, “Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Athletics: Determinants of Title IX Compliance,” The Journal of Higher Education (2006): 2 pg.227.

2^ Vivian Acosta and Linda Carpenter, “Title IX,” Human Kinetics. (2004) pg.4.

3^ Vivian Acosta and Linda Carpenter, “Title IX,” Human Kinetics. (2004) pg.7.

4^ The above graph was retrieved from www.ncaa.org on October 15^th, 2008.

5^ “Big time” can be considered all D-IA schools that are able to compete in the National Championship in their respective sport.

6^ A 2 is given to each variable that is regressed in the first difference due to non-stationarity.

7^ “The Title IX compliance rate is a proportionality gap, which is the proportion of female and male athletes in relation to the overall student body. For example, if a school has 50% female enrollment and 50% male enrollment and 60% men enrolled in sports vs. 40% women enrolled in sports at the school then the proportionality gap is 20%.”

8^ Athletic success of an institution is calculated as the average winning percentages for a given year based on the schools two major sports, which are football and basketball. These sports are considered the two major sports because they bring in the most revenue for the institution and have the largest attendance ratios. For example, if an institution was 4 – 6 in football (40%) and 16-14 in basketball (53%), their athletic success would be (46.5%).

9^ In each case, scholarships are taken from male sports and given to female sports.

10^ Other is represented as all other sports besides football, basketball, baseball, and track. For example, sports such as soccer, swimming, golf, wrestling, and lacrosse to name a few.

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