Beautification


Medium-high formality Stem-and-Leaf Plot



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Medium-high formality Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Frequency Stem & Leaf
7.00 0 . 7788899

10.00 1 . 0111123334

12.00 1 . 556666666788

1.00 2 . 0


Stem width: 10.0

Each leaf: 1 case(s)







High formality





High formality

Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Frequency Stem & Leaf
.00 0 .

6.00 0 . 666777

6.00 0 . 888999

3.00 1 . 011

4.00 1 . 2233

8.00 1 . 44455555

2.00 1 . 67

1.00 1 . 8


Stem width: 10.0

Each leaf: 1 case(s)







Appendix I. Testing the normality assumption – Number of quality changes made across levels of formality






Statistic

Std. Error

Low formality (on paper)

Mean

15.733

1.0045



95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

13.679







Upper Bound

17.788





5% Trimmed Mean

15.824





Median

16.500





Variance

30.271





Std. Deviation

5.5019





Minimum

4.0





Maximum

25.0





Range

21.0





Interquartile Range

9.4





Skewness

-.156

.427



Kurtosis

-.716

.833

Low formality (on Tablet PC)

Mean

13.050

.7324



95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

11.552







Upper Bound

14.548





5% Trimmed Mean

12.963





Median

13.500





Variance

16.092





Std. Deviation

4.0115





Minimum

6.0





Maximum

22.0





Range

16.0





Interquartile Range

4.3





Skewness

.176

.427



Kurtosis

-.200

.833

Medium-low formality

Mean

12.900

.6958



95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

11.477







Upper Bound

14.323





5% Trimmed Mean

12.741





Median

13.000





Variance

14.524





Std. Deviation

3.8111





Minimum

7.0





Maximum

23.0





Range

16.0





Interquartile Range

5.5





Skewness

.544

.427



Kurtosis

.223

.833

Medium-high formality

Mean

10.800

.7162



95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

9.335







Upper Bound

12.265





5% Trimmed Mean

10.722





Median

10.750





Variance

15.390





Std. Deviation

3.9230





Minimum

4.0





Maximum

19.0





Range

15.0





Interquartile Range

7.3





Skewness

.153

.427



Kurtosis

-.721

.833

High formality

Mean

9.017

.6462



95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

7.695







Upper Bound

10.338





5% Trimmed Mean

9.019





Median

9.250





Variance

12.526





Std. Deviation

3.5391





Minimum

3.5





Maximum

14.5





Range

11.0





Interquartile Range

6.0





Skewness

-.042

.427



Kurtosis

-1.290

.833


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