Diathesis Oppositions and Verb Morphology. Present and Aorist Systems in Ancient and Modern Greek


hḗpsēse tôn kreôn (Hdt. I 119) ‘[he] roasted some and boiled some of the flesh’; (a) [...] érōi d’ára thumòn éthelkhthen



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hḗpsēse tôn kreôn (Hdt. I 119) ‘[he] roasted some and boiled some of the flesh’; (a) [...] érōi d’ára thumòn éthelkhthen (Od. XVIII 212) ‘indeed with passion their hearts were enchanted’, (b) autàr epeì dôkén te kaì ékpion oudé m’éthelxe (Od. X 318) ‘but when she had given it to me, and I had drunk it off, yet was not bewitched’; (a) hoi d’epeì oûn hekáterthen homílou thōrḗkhthēsan (Il. III 340) ‘and when they had armed themselves on either side of the throng’, (b) Murmidónas d’ár’epoikhómenos thṓrēxen Akhilleùs / pántas anà klisías sún teúkhesin […] (Il. XVI 155-6) ‘but Achilles went to and fro throughout the huts and armed all the Myrmidons in their armor’; (a) […] kaì pâsin enì phresì thumòs iánthē (Od. XV 165) ‘and the hearts in the breasts of all were cheered’; (b) dôra d’Akhillêi pherémen, tá ke thumòn iḗnēi (Il. XXIV 119) ‘[I will send Iris to …] bring gifts to Achilles that will warm his heart’; (a) [...] toì d’hidrúnthēsan hápantes (Il. III 78) ‘and they all sat down’, (b) hṑs eipoûs’hídruse thrónōi éni thoûron Árēa (Il. XV 142) ‘so she spoke, and made furious Ares sit down on his throne’; (a) tṑ d’ithunthḗtēn [...] (Il. XVI 475) ‘and the other two were righted’, (b) [...] bélos d’íthunen Athḗnē / hrîna par’ophthalmón […] (Il. V 290-1) ‘and Athene guided the spear to his nose beside the eye’; (a) [...] ho d’estáthē ēúte pétrē / émpedon [...] (Od. XVII 463-4) ‘but he stood firm as a rock’, (b) égkhos mén hr’éstēse phérōn pròs kíona makrḕn (Od. I 127) ‘he carried the spear and set it against a tall pillar’; (a) autàr epeì katà mêr’ekáē [...] (Od. III 461) ‘but when the thigh pieces were wholly burned’, (b) all’epì pâsi boôn dēmòn kaì mērí’ékēa (Il. VIII 240) ‘but on all I burned the fat and the thighs of bulls’; (a) prôtoi gàr hoûtoi en Aigúptōi allóglōssoi katoikísthēsan (Hdt. II 154) ‘There still remained till my time’, (b) toútous mèn dḕ khrónōi hústeron basileùs ámasis exanastḗsas entheûten katoíkise es Mémphin (Hdt. II 154) ‘Long afterwards, king Amasis removed them thence and settled them at Memphis’; (a) hē d’ándikha pâsa keásthē / en kóruthi briarêi [...] (Il. XVI 412-3) ‘and his head was wholly split in two inside the heavy helmet’, (b) […] epeí hoi nêa thoḕn argêti keraunôi / Zeùs élsas ekéasse mésōi enì oínopi póntōi (Od. V 131-2) ‘for Zeus had struck his swift ship with his bright thunderbolt and had shattered it in the midst of the wine-dark sea’; (a) […] autoû dè parà klisíēisin émeinan / athróoi, oud’ekédasthen anà stratón [...] (Il. XV 656-7) ‘but [they] stayed there beside their huts, all in one body, and did not scatter throughout the camp’, (b) [...] hós t’ôka hréōn ekédasse gephúras (Il. V 88) ‘[winter torrent at the full] which with its swift flood sweeps away the embankments’; (a) kinḗthē d’agorḕ phḕ kúmata makrà thalássēs, / póntou Ikaríoio […] (Il. II 144-5) ‘and the assembly was stirred like the long waves of the Icarian sea’, (b) kínēsen d’ára tutthòn apò khthonós [...] (Il. XXIII 730) ‘and [he] moved him a little from the ground’; (a) [...] eklásthē dè dónax, ebárune dè mērón] (Il. XI 584) ‘and the reed of the arrow broke, and his thigh was made heavy’, (b) ek pukinês d’húlēs ptórthon kláse kheirì pakheíēi / phúllōn […] (Od. VI 128-9) ‘and with his stout hand he broke from the thick wood a leafy branch’; (a) àps d’ho páis pròs kólpon euzṓnoio tithḗnēs / eklínthē iákhōn [...] (Il. VI 467-8) ‘but back into the bosom of his fair-belted nurse shrank the child crying’, (b) hármata d’éklinan pròs enṓpia pamphanóōnta (Od. IV 42) ‘then they tilted the chariot against the shining entrance walls’; (a) dḕ tóte koimḗthēmen epì hrēgmîni thalássēs (Od. IV 430) ‘then we lay down to rest on the shore of the sea’, (b) tòn d’autoû koímēse Gerḗnios hippóta Néstōr / Tēlémakhon, phílon huiòn Odussêos theíoio (Od. III 397-8) ‘but the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia, bade Telemachus, the staunch son of divine Odysseus, to sleep there’; (a) autàr epeì klaíōn te kulindómenós te korésthēn (Od. IV 541) ‘but when I had had my fill of weeping and writhing’, (b) polloùs àn koréseien anḕr hóde tḗthea diphôn (Il. XVI 747) ‘this man would satisfy many by seeking for oysters’; (a) autàr epeì kósmēthen hám’hēgemónessin hékastoi (Il. III 1) ‘now when they were marshaled, the several companies with their leaders’, (b) allá spheas kósmēse Podárkēs, ózos Árēos (Il. II 704) ‘but Podarces, offshoot of Ares, marshaled them’; (a) […] krúphthē gàr hup’aspídi pántos’eísēi (Il. XIII 405) ‘for he took cover beneath his shield that was well-balanced on every side’, (b) porphúreon d’ára kûma peristáthē, oúreï îson, / kurtōthén, krúpsen dè theòn thnētḗn te gunaîka (Od. XI 243-4) ‘and the dark wave stood about them like a mountain, arching over, and hid the god and the mortal woman’; (a) trìs dè kukḗthēsan Trôes kleitoí t’epíkouroi (Il. XVIII 229) ‘and thrice the Trojans and their famed allies were stricken with panic’, (b) en tôi hrá sphi kúkēse gunḕ eikuîa theêisin / oínōi Pramneíōi [...] (Il. XI 638-9) ‘in this the woman, who was like the goddesses, mixed a potion for them with Pramnian wine’; (a) heûde d’anaklintheîsa, lúthen dé hoi hápsea pánta (Od. IV 794) ‘and she sank back and slept, and all her joints relaxed’, (b) lûse dé hoi thṓrēka ánax Diòs huiòs Apóllōn (Il. XVI 804) ‘and his corselet did Apollo loose – the lord, the son of Zeus’; (a) autàr epeì katà pûr ekáē kaì phlòx emaránthē (Il. IX 212) ‘but when the fire had burned down and the flame was abated’, (b) sándala mèn proéēken es Alpheiòn bathudínēn, / anthrakiḕn d’emárane [...] (h. Herm. 139-40) ‘he trew his sandals into the deep-swirling Alpheios, put on the embers’; (a) [...] miánthēsan dè étheirai / haímati kaì koníēisi [...] (Il. XVI 795-6) ‘and its plumes were befouled with blood and dust’, (b) hōs d’hóte tís t’eléphanta gunḕ phoíniki miḗnēi / Mēionìs ēè Káeira [...] (Il. IV 141-2) ‘as when a woman stains ivory with scarlet, some woman of Maeonia or Caria’; (a) nḗsōi d’en Kranaêi emígēn philótēti kaì eunêi (Il. III 445) ‘and on the isle of Cranae [I] slept with you on the bed of love’, (b) [...] anà dè krî leukòn émixan (Od. IV 41) ‘and [they] mixed with it white barley’; (a) phtheggoménou d’ára toû ge kárē koníēisin emíkhthē (Il. X 457) ‘and while he was still speaking his head was mingled with the dust’, (b) [...] anà dè krî leukòn émixan (Od. IV 41) ‘and [they] mixed with it white barley’; (a) prodothéntes àn Lakedaimónioi hupò tôn summákhōn ouk hekóntōn all’huo’anagkaíēs, katà pólis haliskoménōn hupò toû nautikoû stratoû toû barbárou, emounṓthēsan (Hdt. VII 139) ‘yet the Lacedaemonians would have been deserted by their allies (these having no choice or free will in the matter, but seeing their cities taken one by one by the foreign fleet), till at last they would have stood alone’, (b) hôde gàr hēmetérēn geneḕn moûnōse Kroníōn (Od. XVI 117) ‘for such is the manner in which the son of Cronus has made our house run in but a single line’; (a) [...] patḕr d’emòs Árgeï násthē / plagkhtheís […] (Il. XIV 119-20) ‘my father went wandering to Argos and settled there’, (b) kaí ké hoi Árgeï nássa pólin kaì dṓmat’éteuxa (Od. IV 174) ‘and in Argos I would have given him a city to dwell in, and would have built him a house’; (a) prôta mèn oûn loúsanto kaì amphiésanto khitônas, / hóplisten dè gunaîkes [...] (Od. XXIII 142-3) ‘first they bathed and put on their tunics, and the women arrayed themselves’, (b) [...] epeì hr’hṓplisse kukeiô (Il. XI 641) ‘when she had made ready the potion’; (a) ḕn hē diábasis hē epì Massagétas mḕ orthōthêi (Hdt. I 208) ‘if the crossing of the river against the Massagetae should not prosper’, (b) [...] tòn d’aîps’ṓrthōsen Apóllōn (Il. VII 272) ‘but Apollo immediately raised him up’; (a) pâsin orínthē thumós [...] (Il. V 29) ‘the hearts of all were dismayed’, (b) ouk àn dḗ pote thumòn enì stḗthessin emoîsin / Atreḯdēs ṓrine diamperés [...] (Il. XIX 271-2) ‘never would the son of Atreus have thoroughly roused my heart within my breast’; (a) ê hra, kaì hormḗthē óreï niphóenti eoikṓs (Il. XIII 754) ‘so he spoke, and set out like a snowy mountain’, (b) nûn dé me pareipoûs’álokhos malakoîs epéessin / hórmēs’es pólemon [...] (Il. VI 337-8) ‘just now my wife sought to turn my mind with gentle words and urged me to the war’; (a) Hoútō mèn toûto epaústhē (Hdt. V 94) ‘Thus this design came to nought’, (b) télos dè éntomá te poieûntes kaì kataeídontes góēsi hoi Mágoi tôi anémōi, prós te toútoisi kaì têi Théti kaì têisi Nērēisi thúontes, épausan tetártēi hēmérēi (Hdt. VII 191) ‘and at last the Magians, by using victims and wizards’ spells on the wind, and by sacrificing also to Thetis and the Nereids, did make it to cease on the fourth day’; (a) [...] págē d’en pneúmoni khalkós (Il. IV 528) ‘and the bronze was fixed in his lung’, (b) Héktōr d’oxù nóēse, théōn dé hoi ágkhi paréstē, / stḗtheï d’en dóru pêxe [...] (Il. XV 649-50) ‘and Hector was quick to notice it, and ran up and stood close beside him, and fixed his spear in his chest’; (a) [...] tês dè diaprò / aikhmḕ khalkeíē ptaménē thṓrēki pelásthē (Il. V 281-2) ‘and straight through it sped the point of bronze and reached the corselet’, (b) [...] atàr tàs pénte néas kuanoprōireíous / Aigúptōi epélasse phérōn ánemós te kaì húdōr (Od. III 299-300) ‘but the five other dark-prowed ships the wind, as it bore them, and wave brought to Egypt’; (a) [...] epì d’ouríakhos pelemíkhthē / égkheos [...] (Il. XVI 612-3) ‘and the butt of the spear quivered’, (b) trìs mén min pelémixen erússasthai meneaínōn (Il. XXI 176) ‘thrice he made it quiver in his eagerness to pull it’; (a) [...] petásthēsan dé hoi ôka (Od. XXI 50) ‘and quickly they flew open before her’, (b) gēthósunos d’oúrōi pétas’histía dîos Odusseús (Od. V 269) ‘gladly then did noble Odysseus spread his sail to the breeze’; (a) [...] oudé tis oûn moi / nēôn pēmánthē [...] (Od. XIV 254-5) ‘no harm came to any of my ships’, (b) hoppóteroi próteroi hupèr hórkia pēmḗneian / hôdé sph’egképhalos khamádis hréoi hōs hóde oînos (Il. III 299-300) ‘whichever army of the two will be first to work harm in defiance of the oaths, may their brains be poured out on the ground just as this wine is’; (a) pántes d’en khroï̀ pêkhthen arēithóōn aizēôn (Il. VIII 298) ‘and all are lodged in the flesh of youths swift in battle’, (b) prṓtōi gàr strephthénti metaphrénōi en dóru pêxen / ṓmōn messēgús [...] (Il. V 40-1) ‘for just as he turned to flee, he fixed his spear in his back between the shoulders’; (a) ándra moi énnepe, Moûsa, polútropon, hòs mála pollà / plágkhthē [...] (Od. I 1-2) ‘Tell me, Muse, of the man of many devices, driven far astray’, (b) [...] allá me daímōn / plánx’apò Sikaníēs deûr’elthémen ouk ethélonta (Od. XXIV 306-7) ‘but a god drove me from Sicania to come here against my will’; (a) [...] tṑ dé hoi ósse / dakruóphi plêsthen [...] (Od. IV 704-5) ‘and both her eyes were filled with tears’, (b) hoi d’álloi pántes dídosan, plêsan d’ára pḗrēn / sítou kaì kreiôn [...] (Od. XVII 411-2) ‘and [they] filled the pouch with bread and bits of meat’; (a) Punthánomai tòn Artubíou híppon histámenon orthòn kaì posì kaì stómati katergázesthai pròs tòn an proseneikhthêi (Hdt. V 111) ‘I learn that Artybius’ horse rears up and kicks and bites to death whomsoever he encounters’, (b) Toútou dè toû Artaǘkteō toû anakremasthéntos propátōr Artembárēs estì ho Pérsēisi exēgēsámenos lógon tòn ekeînoi hupolabóntes Kúrōi prosḗneikan légonta táde (Hdt. IX 122) ‘This Artaÿctes who was crucified was grandson to that Artembares who instructed the Persians in a design which they took from him and laid before Cyrus; this was its purport’; (a) [...] amphì dè kaulòn / phásganon erraísthē [...] (Il. XVI 338-9) ‘and the sword was shattered at the hilt’, (b) hôn te Poseidáōn euergéa nê’enì póntōi / hraísēi [...] (Od. XXIII 234-5) ‘[men] whose well-built ship Poseidon smashes on the sea’; (a) [...] oudé ti oîda / keínōn, hoí t’esáōthen Akhaiôn hoí t’apólonto (Od. III 184-5) ‘nor know I anything of those others, who of the Achaeans were saved, and who were lost’, (b) [...] toùs dè sáōsas / hrēidíōs [...] (Il. XXII 18-9) ‘and them have you saved – easily’; (a) hoì dè autôn apéfugon tḕn mákhēn eskedásthēsan anà tàs pólias (Hdt. V 102) ‘those of the Ionians that escaped from the battle fled scattered, each to his city’, (b) tôn nûn haîma kelainòn eúrroon amphì Skámandron / eskédas’oxùs Árēs [...] (Il. VII 329-30) ‘[Achaeans] whose dark blood keen Ares has now spilt around fair-flowing Scamander’; (a) estálē ôn es Delphoùs perì gónou (Hdt. V 92) ‘he set out to Delphi to enquire concerning issue’, (b) ennéa nêas steîla [...] (Od. XIV 248) ‘nine shipsI fitted out’; (a) kaí kōs iskhurotérōs estráphē (Hdt. III 129) ‘so violently [his foot twisted]’, (b) stréps’híppous epì nêa thoḕn kaì thîna thalássēs (Od. XV 205) ‘he turned his horses to the swift ship and the shore of the sea’; (a) hōs dè sunelékhthē ho stratós (Hdt. VII 173) ‘when the army had mustered’, (b) diò huméas nûn egṑ sunélexa (Hdt. VII 8) ‘for this cause I have now summoned you together’; (a) en toîsi oudén hoi méga anársion prêgma sunēneíkhthē (Hdt. III 10) ‘in which [= in these years] no great misfortune had befallen him’, (b) ei pántes ánthrōpoi tà oikḗia kakà es méson suneneíkaien alláxasthai boulómenoi toîsi plēsíoisi (Hdt. VII 152) ‘if all men should carry their own private troubles to market for barter with their neighbours’; (a) katà taûta esphálēsan (Hdt. IV 140) ‘[it] was the very cause of their illsuccess’, (b) [...] oud’ára min sphēlen bélos Antinóoio (Od. XVII 464) ‘nor did the missile of Antinous make him reel’; (a) Skúthai gàr hoi nomádes erethisthéntes hupò basiléos Dareíou sunestráphēsan kaì ḗlasan mékhri tês Khersonḗ́sou taútēs (Hdt. VI 40) ‘their nomad tribes, provoked by Darius, having gathered themselves together and ridden as far as the Chersonense aforesaid’, (b) Dēiókēs mén nun tò Mēdikòn éthnos sunéstrepse moûnon kaì toútou êrxe (Hdt. I 101) ‘Deioces, then, united the Median nation, and no other and ruled it’; (a) àps dè melagkhroiḕs géneto, gnathmoì dè tánusthen (Od. XVI 175) ‘once more he grew dark of color, and his cheeks filled out’, (b) [...] parà dè xestḕn etánusse trápezan (Od. I 138) ‘and beside them [she] drew up a polished table’; (a) hṓste epeíte kaì eskhísthē tákhista ho potamós, amphotérēi diabatòs egéneto (Hdt. I 75) ‘so that, as soon as the river was thus divided into two, both channels could be forded’, (b) epeàn tḕn philúrēn tríkha skhísēi, diaplékōn en toîsi daktúloisi toîsi heōutoû kaì dialúōn khrâi (Hdt. IV 67) ‘They cut this bark into three portions, and prophesy while they plait and unplait these in their fingers’; (a) [...] áphar d’híppoisi táthē drómos [...] (Il. XXIII 375) ‘and the pace of their horses was forced to the utmost’, (b) [...] katà d’hēnía teînan opíssō / kollētòn potì díphron [...] (Il. XIX 394-5) ‘and [they] drew back the reins behind to the jointed chariot’; (a) autàr epeì tárpēsan edētúos ēdè potêtos (Od. V 201) ‘but when they had had their fill of food and drink’, (b) Pâna dé min kaléeskon, hóti phréna pâsin éterpse (h. Pan 47) ‘and they took calling him Pan, because he delighted them all (pantes)’; (a) autàr epeì sítou tárphthen dmōiaí te kaì autḗ (Od. VI 99) ‘then when they had had their joy of food, she and her handmaids’, (b) hē mèn dḕ prṓtē es Soûsa aggelíē apikoménē, hōs ékhoi Athḗnas Xérxēs, éterpse hoútō dḗ ti Perséōn toùs hupoleiphthéntas (Hdt. VIII 99) ‘when the first message came to Susa, telling that Xerxes had taken Athens, it gave such delight to the Persians who were left at home’; (a) ou gàr ékhō toûtó ge eipeîn atrekéōs: ou gàr eteleṓthē (Hdt. I 160) ‘I cannot say with exactness how much it was, for the bargain was never fulfilled’, (b) hò dè pánta hósa per hoi alēthéi lógōi basilées eteléōse poiḗsas (Hdt. I 120) ‘and he did duly all that is done by true kings’; (a) ek dè tínakhthen odóntes [...] (Il. XVI 348) ‘and his teeth were shaken out’, (b) [...] hḗn te Kroníōn / kheirì labṑn etínaxen ap’aiglḗentos Olúmpou (Il. XIII 242-3) ‘[the lightning] that the son of Cronos seizes in his hand and brandishes from gleaming Olympus’; (a) hoûtos d’aû Laertiádēs polúmētis Odusseús / hòs tráphē en dḗmōi Ithákēs kranaês per eoúsēs (Il. III 200-1) ‘that one is Laerte’s son, Odysseus of many wiles, who was reared in the land of Ithaca, rugged though it is’, (b) Kissês tón g’éthrepse dómois éni tutthòn eónta / mētropátōr [...] (Il. XI 223-4) ‘Cisses reared him in his house while he was still only a little child, his mother’s father’; (a) hupeleíphthēsan dè hoûtoi nuktòs epelthoúsēs (Hdt. I 82) ‘these three were left alive at nightfall’, (b) en mèn dḕ Pérsēisi taûtá min eípas etíma, tóte dè autòn hupélipe stratēgòn ékhonta tês stratiês tês heōutoû oktṑ muriádas (Hdt. IV 143) ‘By thus speaking among Persians the king did honour to Megabazus; and now he left him behind as his general, at the head of eighty thousand of his army’; (a) énth’ephánē méga sêma [...] (Il. II 308) ‘then appeared a great portent’, (b) hēmîn mèn tód’ éphēne téras méga mētíeta Zeùs (Il. II 324) ‘To us has Zeus the counselor showed this great sign’; (a) [...] apò d’éphthithen esthloì hetaîroi / pántes homôs [...] (Od. XXIII 331-2) ‘and his noble comrades perished all together’, (b) têisi tokêas mèn phthîsan theoí [...] (Od. XX 67) ‘their parents the gods had slain’; (a) all’epeì ephrásthēs kaí toi theòs émbale thumôi (Od. XIX 485) ‘but now since you have found me out and a god has put this in thy heart’, (b) […] autoì d’aûte parà hróon Ōkeanoîo / ḗiomen, óphr’es khôron aphikómeth’, hòn phráse Kírkē (Od. XI 21-2) ‘and ourselves went along beside the stream of Oceanus until we came to the place of which Circe had told us’; (a) [...] oú ké moi húpnos epì blephároisi khutheíē (Od. XIX 590) ‘sleep should never be shed over my eyelids’, (b) éntha mnēstḗressin epì glukùn húpnon ékheue (Od. II 395) ‘and there [she] shed sweet sleep upon the suitors’; (a) Árgos dè andrôn ekhērṓthē (Hdt. VI 83) ‘but Argos was so wholly widowed of her men’, (b) [...] khḗrōse d’aguiás (Il. V 642) ‘[he] made desolate its streets’; (a) kaì tóte dḕ perì kêri Poseidáōn ekholṓthē (Il. XIII 206) ‘and then it was that Poseidon grew furious at heart’, (b) hōs emè nûn ekhólōsen ánax andrôn Agamémnōn (Il. XVIII 111) ‘just as but now the lord of men, Agamemnon, moved me to rage’.

Appendix 5. Examples of correlation between -ē-/-thē- forms and middle inflection forms.



(a) […] takhées d’hippêes ágerthen (Il. XXIII 287) ‘and the swift charioteers gathered together’, (b) allà prìn epì éthne’ageíreto muría nekrôn (Od. XI 632) ‘but so many thousands of ghosts gathered and uttered such appalling cries’; (a) […] ho d’es aithéra dîan aérthē (Od. XIX 540) ‘while he was borne aloft to the bright sky’, (b) hṑs ára tês prúmnē mèn aeíreto (Od. XIII 84) ‘even so the stern of that ship leapt high; (a) állous t’aidésthēte periktíonas anthrṓpous (Od. II 65) ‘and feel shame before your neighbors’, (b) allà tòn aidéomai kaì deídia (Od. XVII 188) ‘but I reverence and fear him’; (a) aktḕn d’exanabâsai es ouranòn aikhthḗtēn (Il. XXIV 97) ‘and when they had stepped out on the beach, they sped to heaven’, (b) […] hupsoû dè kárē ékhei, amphì dè khaîtai / ṓmois aíssontai […] (Il. VI 509-10) ‘high does he hold his head, and about his shoulders his mane floats streaming’; (a) [...] epì pollà d’alḗthēn (Od. XIV 120) ‘for I have wandered far’, (b) ēlâto xùn nēusì kat’allothróous anthrṓpous (Od. III 302) ‘So he was wandering there with his ships among men of strange speech’; (a) […] autòs dè phílēs aiônos amerthêis (Il. XXII 58) ‘and be yourself robbed of your dear life’, (b) ouk agapâis hò hékēlos huperphiáloisi meth’hēmîn / daínusai, oudé ti daitòs amérdeai […] (Od. XXI 289-90) ‘Are you not content that you feast undisturbed in our proud company, and lack nothing of the banquet […]?’; (a) ei gàr anagkastheíē ho Pérsēs ménein en têi Eurṓpēi (Hdt. VIII 108) ‘if the Persian be cut off and compelled to remain in Europe’, (b) hoí te Ludoì kaì hoi Pérsai

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