Guide to this bibliography and
Civil and political rights (p. 176)
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C ivil and political rights (p. 176): Security of the person (p. 193): Police powers (p. 201) Freedom of expression
(p. 221): Contempt of court (p. 229). Freedom of the press (media) (p. 231); Freedom of information (p.237) Related issues — advertising; census; computers and data banks; confidential information; credit rating; privacy versus freedom of the media; secret service; social research; surveillance (eavesdropping and wiretapping); trespass ALTMAN, I. 'Privacy: a Conceptual Analysis'. (1976) 8 Environment and Behaviour, 7-29. AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Privacy (Report no. 22). 3 vols. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1983. Vol. 1: pp. xl + 477; Vol. 2: pp. xvi + 443; Vol. 3: pp. vii + 371 (8 microfiches). ISBN 0 644 01248 X (set). Vol. 1: 0 644 01249 8. Vol. 2: 0 644 01250 1. Vol. 3: 0 644 01251 X. Volume 1 examines the concept of privacy — the interests it covers and those with which it competes; current threats to privacy; existing protections of privacy. Volume 2 sets out a wide ranging program of reform. Volume 3 (available only on microfilm) comprises a bibliography on the concept of privacy, and tables of relevant Commonwealth and overseas legislation.
BENN, S. I. The Protection and Limitation of Privacy'. (1978) 52 Australian Law Journal, 601-12, 686-92. A careful analysis of the nature of privacy in morality and law. The author argues that it is not privacy per se that needs protection but a variety of interests we have in privacy. BENNETT, JOHN T. Invasions of Privacy. Melbourne, Victorian Council for Civil Liberties, 1968. Pp. 126. BENNUN, M. E. 'Publicity for Criminal Trials', in J. W. Bridge et al. (eds), Fundamental Rights. London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1973, pp. 175-88. ISBN 421 19130 9. BLOUSTEIN, E. J. 'Privacy as an Aspect of Human Dignity: An Answer to Dean Prosser'. (1964) 39 New York University Law Review, 962-1007. Argues that wrongful invasion of privacy has a single underlying rationale. It is a remedy for injury. . . 'to our individuality, to our dignity as individuals'. BRECKENRIDGE, ADAM C. The Right to Privacy. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1970. This is an examination of the rise of a constitutional right of privacy beginning with the Brandeis-Warren article in 1890, its acceptance in state courts beginning at the turn of the century and its more gradual acceptance by federal courts. BURRELL, G. E. 'Mental Privacy: An International Safeguard to Governmental Intrusions into the Mental Processes'. (1975-1976) 6 California Western International Law Journal, 110-28. CASTBERG, FREDE. The European Convention on Human Rights. Leiden, Sijthoff; Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., 1974, pp. 138-45. ISBN 90 286 0503 7 (Sijthoff). ISBN 0 379 00202 7 (Oceana). COWEN, ZELMAN. The Private Man. Sydney, Australian Broadcasting Commission, 1969. Pp. 64. ISBN 0 642 97361 X. A brief survey of problems relating to privacy mainly from the lawyer's point of view. CRANSTON, MAURICE. The Right to Privacy. London, Liberal Publications for the Unservile State Group, 1975. Pp. 23. Disclosure of Official Information: A Report on Overseas Practice. London, Civil Service Department, 1979. Pp. v + 54 + A150. ISBN 0 11 630415 4. This study presents the legal regulation of the disclosure of information in Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, F. R. G., Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and U. S. A. This work is of interest to human rights work in one of its aspects, the invasion of privacy. DUCHACEK, I. D. Rights and Liberties in the World Today: Constitutional Promise and Reality. Santa Barbara, Calif., ABC Clio, 1973, pp. 52-60. ISBN 0 87436 112 5. EVANS, R. 'The Right of Privacy'. (1968) 1 Justice, 37-43. FRIED, CHARLES. 'Privacy: Economics and Ethics: A Comment on Possner'. (1978) 12 Georgia Law Review, 423-93. Argues that privacy is 'that aspect of social order by which persons control access to information about themselves. . . is not just an absence of information abroad about ourselves: it is a feeling of security in control over that information'. GEREM, Tom. 'Redefining Privacy'. (1977) 12 Harvard Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Law Review, 233-96.
 GREAT BRITAIN, COMMITTEE ON DATA PROTECTION. Report (Sir Norman Lindop, Chairman) (Cmnd 7341). London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1978. Pp. xxiv + 460. ISBN 0 10 173410 7.
GREAT BRITAIN, COMMITTEE ON PRIVACY. Report (Kenneth Younger, Chairman) (Cmnd 5012). London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1972. Pp. xi + 349. ISBN 10 150120 X. HEWITT, PATRICIA. Privacy: The Information Gatherers. London, National Council for Civil Liberties, 1977. Pp. 98. JONES, MERVYN (ed.). Privacy. Newton Abbot, David & Charles, 1974. Pp. 230. ISBN 0 7153 6519 3. Brings together a series of excerpts from books, journals, reports, illustrating ways in which privacy is under threat. Part One deals with computers; Part Two with Police and State Security; Part Three deals with Media, Financial Institutions and Private Employers; Part Four deals with Remedies but essentially focusses on Walden's proposed Privacy Bill (U. K.). JouRARD, S. M. 'Some Psychological Aspects of Privacy'. (1966) 31 Law and Contemporary Problems, 307-18. JOYCE, J. A. The New Politics of Human Rights. London, Macmillan, 1978, chapter 6. ISBN 0 333 24291 2. KALVEN, H. JR. 'The Problem of Privacy in the Year 2000'. (1962) 96 Daedalus, 876-82. KIDD, C. J. F. 'Freedom from Unwanted Publicity', in J. W. Bridge et al. (eds), Fundamental Rights. London, Sweet 8z Maxwell, 1973, pp. 43-59. ISBN 421 19130 9. LARSEN, K. S. (ed.). Privacy. A Public Concern. A Resource Document Based on the Proceedings of a Seminar of Privacy Sponsored by the Domestic Council Committee on the Right of Privacy and the Council of State Governments. August, 1975. Pp. vi + 183. The book presents U. S. law and practice in matters of criminal justice information, public employees records, data banks. It discusses also the problem of the economic impact of implementing privacy legislation and the strategy for co-operative federal-local privacy programs. Annotated bibliography and illustrative legislation. NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES (U. K.). Legislating for Information Privacy. London, National Council for Civil Liberties, 1980. LUSKY, L. 'Invasion of Privacy: a Clarification of Concepts'. (1972) 72 Columbia Law Review, 693-710. MACCORMICK, D. N. 'Privacy: A Problem of Definition'. (1974) 1 British Journal of Law and Society, 75. MADGWICK, D. & SMYTHE, T. The Invasion of Privacy. London, Pitman, 1974. Pp. ix + 197. ISBN 0 273 00702 5. A readable, brief discussion of the position and problems for protection of privacy in the U. K. There are chapters dealing with computers, police, national security screening, census, private detectives, credit information, and the media. Appendixes set out two draft bills on privacy prepared by the National Council for Civil Liberties. MCCLOSKEY, H. J. 'The Political Ideal of Privacy'. (1971) 21 Philosophical Quarterly, 303-14. Argues that the case for privacy is an 'ideal utilitarian one', that invasion of privacy is wrong insofar as it adversely affects others values such as liberty and justice. But there may be trivial cases (e. g. Peeping Toms) where no great harm is caused.
The author sketches technological advances and their impact on privacy. Then in two pivotal chapters (`The Law Relating to Privacy' and 'The Quest for a New Legal Framework') he argues that traditional legal concepts and remedies are not adequate and cannot be adapted to handle the problems created by computer technology. The latter part of the book advocates administrative regulation as a means of control and protection, and goes some way toward describing the nature of such intervention. MURPHY, J. F. 'An International Convention on Invasion of Privacy'. (1975-1976) 8 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 387-433. 'New Protection for Privacy in Australia'. (1980) 13 Law/Technology, 2-43. NEW SOUTH WALES, PRIVACY COMMITTEE. Five Years 1975-1980: the Privacy Committee Act, 1975 (N.S.W.). Sydney, Government Printer, 1980. Pp. 138. ISBN 0 7240 6214 9. NIZER, LOUIS. 'The Right of Privacy: A Half-century's Development'. (1941) 39 Michigan Law Review, 526-60. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Symposium on Transborder Data Flows and the Protection of Privacy. Paris, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 1979. Pp. 335. PENNOCK, J. R. & CHAPMAN, J. W. (eds). Privacy (NOMOS XIII). New York, Atherton Press, 1971. Pp. 255 + xx. L.C. 79 140624. A collection of thirteen papers. The first five deal mainly with questions about the nature of privacy, its relation to liberty and other values, and with the grounds for valuing it. Then two papers by political theorists deal with privacy as a kind of secrecy. There is an anthropological study of privacy in primitive tribes. There are five essays concerned with the role of law in protection of privacy from the viewpoint of legal theory. PITCHER, H. `NCC Codes of Practice For Data Protection'. (1981) 3 Information Privacy, 137-64. POUND, ROSCOE. 'Right of Privacy vs. Free Press'. (1953) 28 Indiana Law Journal, 179-94. RACHELS, JAMES. 'Why Privacy is Important'. (1975) 4 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 323-33. ROBERTSON, A. H. (ed.). Privacy and Human Rights. Reports and Communications Presented at the Third International Colloquy about the European Convention on Human Rights, Organised by the Belgian Universities and the Council of Europe with the Support of the Belgian Government, Brussels, 30 September — 3 October 1970. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1973. Pp. xiii + 457. ISBN 0 7190 0523 X. The collection includes seven very good reports and several communications dealing with the protection of the right of privacy, mainly under the European Convention and in particular concerning the protection of family life and the consequences of the modern scientific and technical development of privacy. Good footnotes and index. SCANLON, THOMAS. 'Thomson on Privacy'. (1975) 4 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 315-22. Sums, E. 'Privacy: Its Constitution and Vicissitudes'. (1966) 31 Law and Contemporary Problems, 289-306. Considers three questions: How much privacy can a human being enjoy given that he lives in
society with others? What is the position in large-scale industrialised urban societies? 'To what extent do individuals or groups of individuals desire privacy?'
STROEMHOLM, STIG. Right of Privacy and Rights of Personality: A Comparative Survey. Stockholm, Norstedt, 1967. Pp. 250. A comparative study that proceeds topically rather than geographically. Topics considered include: the definition and nature of privacy; regional, international and national measures to protect privacy by using the law; self-regulation by media, advertising firms etc.; defences to invasions of privacy; remedies; particular areas of interest such as eavesdropping, surveillance, use of a person's name or likeness. Countries chiefly considered include United States, France, West Germany and Great Britain. SWANTON, J. 'Towards a Definition of Privacy'. (1975) 6 justice, 13-22. SYMPOSIUM. 'Privacy'. (1972) Columbia Human Rights Law Review. Devoted to the debate on privacy. Articles include: Arthur R. Miller, 'Computers, Data Banks and Individual Privacy: An Overview'; Sam J. Ervin, Jr, 'The First Amendment: A Living Thought in the Computer Age'; Nicholas de B. Katzenbach & Richard W. Tome, 'Crime Data Centres: The use of Computers in Crime Detection and Prevention'; Frank Askin, 'Surveillance: The Social Science Perspective'; Michael A. Baker, 'Record Privacy as a Marginal Problem: The Limits of Consciousness and Concern'; and John P. Flannery, 'Commercial Information Brokers'. SYMPOSIUM. 'Privacy'. (1966) 31 Law and Contemporary Problems, 251-435. THOMSON, JUDITH JARVIS. 'The Right to Privacy'. (1975) 4 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 295-314. TURN, REIN (ed.). Transborder Data Flows: Concerns in Privacy Protection and Free Flow of Information. 2 vols. Arlington Virginia, American Federation of Information Processing Societies, 1979. Vol. I Pp. xviii + 186; Vol. II Pp. iii + various paginations. ISBN 0 88283 004 X. UNITED STATES, PRIVACY PROTECTION STUDY COMMISSION. Personal Privacy in an Information Society. Washington D.C., U. S. Government Printing Office, 1977. Vouo, F. 'Legal Personality, Privacy and the Family', in L. Henkin (ed.), The International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, pp. 185-208. ISBN 0 231 05180 8. WACKS, RAYMOND. The Protection of Privacy. London, Sweet & Maxwell, 1980. Pp. xx + 185. ISBN 0 421 26850 6. Deals with protection of privacy in the U. K. Comparison is made with measures adopted in U. S., Europe and the Commonwealth. Telephone tapping, electronic surveillance, searches, the role of private detectives, improper gathering of evidence are covered. Contains a particularly good critical chapter on computers. WALINSKI, R. S. & TUCKER, T. J. 'Expectation of Privacy: Fourth Amendment Legitimacy Through State Law'. (1981) 16 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 1-40. WARREN, S. D. & BRANDEIS, L. D. 'The Right to Privacy'. (1890) 4 Harvard Law Review, 193-220. WEISMAN, A. M. 'Publicity as an Aspect of Privacy and Personal Autonomy'. (1982) 55 Southern California Law Review, 727-68. WESTIN, ALAN F. 'Science, Privacy and Freedom: Issues and Proposals for the 1970s'. (1966) 66 Columbia Law Review, 1205-53.
Related issues — c A ISBN 0 642 03423 O. AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Privacy and Personal Information (Discussion Paper no. 14). Sydney, Australian Law Reform Commission, 1980. Pp. 123. ISBN 0 642 89988 6. AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Privacy (Report no. 22). 3 vols. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1983. ISBN 0 644 01248 X (3 vols). BARNES, J. A. Who Should Know What? Social Science, Privacy and Ethics. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1979. Pp. 232. ISBN 0 14 08 0371 8. Looks at changes in social research since 19th Century and shows how the power of scientists has changed vis-à-vis their sponsors and the people they are studying. Discusses what ethical and political obligations social scientists should meet when they collect and publish their findings. Contains a comprehensive bibliography of books and articles. BORUCH, R. F. & CECIL, J. S. Assuring Confidentiality in Social Research. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979. BRADLEY, CRAIG M. 'Constitutional Protection for Private Papers'. (1981) 16 Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 461-94. CANTRELL, TED. 'Privacy — The Medical Problems', in J. B. Young (ed.), Privacy. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, 1978, pp. 195-214. FOSTER, HENRY. 'An Overview of Confidentiality and Privilege'. (1976)Yournal of Psychiatry and the Law, 393-402. KIRBY, MICHAEL. 'Access to Medical Records'. (1981) 14 New Zealand Law Journal, 495-8. NETTHEIM, G. 'Private Information in Public Hands: Confidentiality, Court Disclosure and the Public Interest'. (1979) 10 F ederal Law Review, 329-66. O'BRIEN, D. 'Privacy and the Right of Access: Purposes and Paradoxes of Information Control'. (1978) 30 Administrative Law Review, 45-92. PARMET, W. 'Public Health Protection and the Privacy of Medical Records'. Harvard Civil Rights — Civil Liberties Law Review, 265-304. 'Press's Right Not to Disclose Source of Information'. (1980) 130 New Law Journal, 463-5. 'Privacy of Medical Records' (Committee Report). (1980) 35 Record of New York City Bar Association, 488-514. RUEBHAUSEN, O. M. & BRIM, O. G. 'Privacy and Behavioural Research'. (1965) 65 Columbia Law Review, 1184-211.
A clear summary of the law in North America, with more emphasis on Canada. Has chapters on the nature and role of Credit Bureaux; Control of Bureaux using traditional legal remedies such as defamation and confidentiality. Then there are chapters on statutory regulation and the development of the law of negligent mis-statement; and a brief discussion of possible areas for reform. SMITH, STEVEN R. 'Constitutional Privacy in Psychotherapy'. (1980) 49 George Washington Law Review, 1-60. WACKS, R. 'Breach of Confidence and the Protection of Privacy'. (1977) 127 New Law Journal, 328. WESTIN, ALAN F. 'Medical Records: Should Patients Have Access?'. (Dec. 1977) 7 Hastings Center Report, 23-9. WESTIN, ALAN F. 'Patients' Rights: Computers and Health Records'. (1977) 58(4) Hospital Progress, 56-61, 94. YOUNG J. B. (ed.). Privacy: A Multidisciplinary Study. Chichester, Wiley 1978. Pp. viii + 350. ISBN 0 471 99590 8. A collection of fifteen papers on various issues to do with privacy. The first section has chapters on psychological, sociological and philosophical aspects of privacy. The second section looks at privacy and government, the mass media, the legal system and social welfare. The third section contains papers dealing with the professions and issues of confidentiality. Section four looks at privacy and financial and business organisations. Finally there is a section that deals with the impact of computers and electronics on privacy. Computers and data banks AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Privacy (Report no. 22). 3 vols. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1983. ISBN 0 644 01248 X. DAMMAN, U. et al. (eds). Data Protection Legislation: An International Documentation. Frankfurt/Main, Metzner, Verlag GmbH, 1977. Pp. 203. ISBN 3 7875 3005 3. A collection of English and German texts of data protection legislation (or drafts of this legislation) for the following countries: Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden and U. S. A. and of the Council of Europe. HOFFMAN, LANCE J. (comp.). Security and Privacy in Computer Systems. Los Angeles, Melville, 1973. Pp. ix + 422. ISBN 0 471 40611 2. 26 papers dealing with technological methods of security in computer systems. A good working knowledge of computers is assumed. KIRBY, MICHAEL. 'The Computer, the Individual and the Law', in M. Kirby, Reform the Law. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1983, pp. 190-216. ISBN 0 554395 5. MARTIN, JAMES. Security, Accuracy, and Privacy in Computer Systems. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1973. Pp. xiv + 626. ISBN 0 13 798991 1. A comprehensive introduction to the technical problems of security in computer systems. NEW SOUTH WALES, PRIVACY COMMITTEE. Consumer Credit Reporting: An Overview. Sydney, Privacy Committee, 1979. Pp. 67. ISBN 0 7240 6075 8.
ROWE, B. C. (ed.). Privacy, Computers and You. Cheshire, National Computing Centre, 1972. Pp. 212. SBN 85012 061 6. Proceedings of the workshop on the Data Bank Society (London, 1970). The topics under discussion include: 'Privacy in a technological society'; 'The North American Experience'; 'The use of data banks'; 'Computers and employment'; The legal problems'; 'The problem for the computer professionals'. There are several papers and discussion on each topic. Bibliography pp. 195-201. RULE, JAMES et al. The Politics of Privacy: Planning for Personal Data System as Powerful Technologies. New York, Elsevier, 1980. Pp. xii + 212. ISBN 0 444 99074 7. A review of the privacy debate over data systems in which the authors argue against various types of privacy protection that emerged in 1970's because these assume that 'the drawbacks of surveillance systems are not inherent in their nature, but lie in their failure to work "correctly" . . . This convenient assumption has made it possible to pursue the "reform" of surveillance practices in ways which enhance, rather than threaten, bureaucratic interests'. SIEGHART, PAUL. Privacy and Computers. London, Latimer New Dimensions, 1976. Pp. viii + 228. SBN 901539 56 2. Describes very clearly, for the non-expert, how computers endanger privacy and how they may be controlled. Briefly reviews various suggested control regimes in U. K. Appendixes set out U. K. and some European formulations of 'principles' for data protection, together with laws and proposed laws on data protection. SIMITIS, SPIROS. 'Data Protection and Research: A Case Study of Control'. (1981) 29 American Journal of Comparative Law, 583-605. Looks briefly at European, Canadian and U. S. solutions. SOUTH AUSTRALIA LAW REFORM COMMITTEE. Regarding Data Protection. Adelaide, Government Printer, 1980. Pp. 11. ISBN 0 7243 5816 1. TAPPER, C. Computers and the Law. 2nd edn. London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981, especially Chapter 3. ISBN 0 582 49702 7. TURN, REIN. Privacy and Security in Personal Information Databank Systems. Santa Monica, the Rand Corporation, 1974. Pp. 104. Classifies databank systems on the basis of a number of data security related criteria. Such aspects of personal information as sensitivity and value are examined. A sensitivity scale and a personal information classification system are proposed. Using a game-theoretic model as the vehicle, costs and effectiveness of data protection, as well as costs of intrusion, are discussed. The report concludes with an analysis of implications of implementing the major components of total protective systems. UNITED STATES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE. Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens. Cambridge, Mass., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1973.
WARNER, M. & STONE, M. The Data Bank Society: Computers, Organizations and Social Freedom. London, Allen & Unwin, 1970. Pp. 244.
Survey of governmental and private information systems in Britain, Europe and the United States and their ramifications for personal privacy; examines record keeping in the fields of medicine, criminal justice, finance, banking, credit, and local government. WESTIN, ALAN F. 'Computers and the Protection of Privacy'. (1969) 71 Technological Review, 32-7. WESTIN, ALAN F. & BAKER, A. Databanks in a Free Society. New York, Quadrangle Books, 1972. Pp. xxi + 522. ISBN 0 8129 0292 0. Legal protection AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Unfair Publication: Defamation and Privacy (Report no. 11). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1979. Pp. xiv + 273. ISBN 0 642 03395 1. Especially part III (pp. 206-250). AUSTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Privacy (Report no. 22). 3 vols. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1983. ISBN 0 644 01248 X. BURNS, Peter. The Law and Privacy: The Canadian Experience'. (1976) 54 Canadian Bar Review, 1-64. COOPER, PHILLIP J. 'Acquisition, Use and Dissemination of Information: a Consideration and Critique of the Public Law Perspective'. (1981) 33 Administrative Law Review, 81-107. DELGADO, RICHARD. 'Euthanasia Reconsidered — The Choice of Death as an Aspect of the Right of Privacy'. (1975) 17 Arizona Law Review, 474-94. DWORKIN, GERALD. 'The Common Law Protection of Privacy'. (1967) 2 University of Tasmania Law Review, 418-45. ERNST, M. & SCHWARZ, A. Privacy: the Right to Be Let Alone. London, MacGibbon & Kee, 1968. Pp. xv + 238. L.C. 62 18374. An analysis of the relationship between law and privacy for the layman. A series of cases are presented and analysed in a simple and entertaining way. EvANs, A. C. 'European Data Protection Law'. (1981) 29 American Journal of Comparative Law, 571-82. GAVISON, RUTH. 'Privacy and the Limits of Law'. (1980) 89 Yale Law Journal, 421-71. GROSS, HYMAN. Privacy — Its Legal Protection. Rev. edn. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Oceana, 1976. Pp. 108. ISBN 0 379 11099 7. A survey of legal protection of privacy. Includes chapters on privacy of personality, written and spoken communications, privileged communications, confidentiality, security of the person. Places special emphasis on a consideration of the Common Law and argues that privacy has shifted from being a proprietary right to a personal right. HOFSTADTER, S. H. & HOROWITZ, G. The Right of Privacy. New York, Central Book, 1964. Pp. xiii + 377. HONDIUS, F. W. Emerging Data Protection in Europe. Amsterdam, North-Holland Pub., 1975. Pp. ix + 282. ISBN 0 7204 8035 3.
Comprehensive critical study of European responses. Sets out briefly a sketch of the law of each country and also regional and international law. Analyses key issues in data protection
drawing on European law e.g. the role of relevance of information, modes of collection of information, how to access information and the place of sanctions. Also considers the problem of transnational data flow. Appendixes: Council of Europe Resolutions on the protection of privacy of individuals vis-a-vis electronic data banks. Bibliography 272-76. JUSTICE (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS GB). Privacy and the Law. London, Stevens, 1970. KALVEN, H. 'Privacy in Tort Law — Were Warren and Brandeis Wrong?'. (1966) 31 Law and Contemporary Problems, 326-41. KAPLAN, MARILYN R. 'Commercial Speech and the Right of Privacy: Constitutional Implications of Regulating Unsolicited Telephone Calls'. (1980) 15 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 277-315. LEVITSKY, SERGE L. Copyright, Defamation and Privacy in Soviet Civil Law. Alphen aan den Rijn, Sijthoff & Noordhoff. Pp. xvii + 490. ISBN 90 286 0139 2. Especially pages 222-470. Includes chapters on the right to one's own image, copyright and photography, the right to protection of one's private writings. In his final chapter the author deals with special theoretical problems of recognising a right to privacy under a communist regime. MAYER, MICHAEL F. Rights of Privacy. New York, Law-Arts Publishers, 1972. Pp. xvi + 253. LC 75 171624. In the course of twenty-seven short chapters the author discusses the various facets of privacy law in U. S., focusing on leading decisions by the Supreme Court. McQuoip-MASON, D. J. The Law of Privacy in South Africa. Cape Town, Juta, 1978. Pp. xl + 272. ISBN 0 7021 0933 9. MORISON, W. L. Report on the Law of Privacy. N. S. W. Parl. Papers 1972-73, No. 170, Sydney, Government Printer, 1972. A seminal work, reviewing then existing and proposed protection of privacy, and making detailed legislative proposals. The starting point for research in this area. PARKER, R. B. 'A Definition of Privacy'. (1974) 27 Rutgers Law Review, 275-96. POSNER, RICHARD A. 'The Right of Privacy'. (1978) 12 Georgia Law Review, 393-422. POUND, ROSCOE. 'Interests of Personality'. (1915) 28 Harvard Law Review, 343-65. PRATT, WALTER F. Privacy in Britain. Lewisburg, Bucknell University Press, 1979. Pp. 266. ISBN 0 8387 2030 7. An excellent and provocative history of the protection of privacy by law in U. K. The author sets out to answer the question: 'How was it that the Americans, first through their courts, and later through their legislatures, developed legal sanctions against invasion of privacy while the British through either their courts or their legislature did not?' lathe course of answering this question the author considers judicial technique, precedents on privacy from nineteenth century to the present day, and the growing urgency of attemps to legislate privacy protection measures. This includes studies of the Lyon and Walden Bills and the Younger Committee. PROSSER, W. L. 'Privacy'. (1960) 48 California Law Review, 383-423. A critical article on U. S. privacy law. The author argues that wrongful invasion of privacy is not one tort but four different torts protecting four different interests: (1) Intrusion upon the plaintiff's seclusion or solitude, or into his private affairs; (2) Public disclosure of embarrassing facts; (3) Publicity that places the plaintiff in a 'false light' in the public eye; and (4) Appropriation for the defendant's advantage, of the plaintiff's name or likeness.
SWANTON, JANE. 'Protection and Privacy'. (1974) 48 Australian Law journal, 91-103. TAYLOR, G. D. S. 'Privacy and the Public'. (1971) 34 Modern Law Review, 288-304. A detailed critique of Brian Walden's Right of Privacy Bill (1966) based on the Justice Report draft Bill (U. K.). WACKS, R. 'The Poverty of "Privacy" '.(1980) 96 Law Quarterly Review, 73-9. Argues that privacy . . has grown into a large and unwieldy concept. . . become entangled with confidentiality, secrecy, defamation, property, and the storage of information. . . In this attenuated, confused and overworked condition, "privacy" seems beyond redemption'. WADE, J. W. 'Defamation and the Right of Privacy'. (1962) 15 Vanderbilt Law Review, 1093-125. Argues that the action for the invasion of privacy in U. S. 'may come to supplant the action for defamation'. WINFIELD, P. 'Privacy'. (1931) 47 Law Quarterly Review, 23-42. An English analysis of Common Law protection of privacy. Surveillance Related issues — e A A comprehensive account of surveillance techniques and technologies. BENTIL, J. K. 'Individual Rights and Telephone Tapping'. Parts I and II. (1980) Solicitor's journal, 451-2, 472. BEVAN, V. 'Is Anybody There?'. (1980) Public Law, 431-53. CAMPBELL, DUNCAN. Phonetappers and the Security State. New Statesman Report No. 1981. CARR, JAMES G. 'Wiretapping in West Germany'. (1981) 29 American Journal of Comparative Law, 607-45. CHORNEY, N. M. 'Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping'. (1964-1965) 7 Criminal Law Quarterly, 434-58. COHEN, STANLEY A. 'Invasion of Privacy: Police and Electronic Surveillance in Canada'. (1982) 27 McGill Law Journal, 619-75. COWAN, PAUL et al. State Secrets: Police surveillance in America. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1974. Pp. xi + 333. ISBN 0 03 001031 4. COXSEDGE, JOAN, COLDICUTT, KEN & HARANT, GERRY. Rooted in Secrecy: The Clandestine Element in Australian Politics. Balwyn North, Vic., Committee for the Abolition of Political Police, 1982. Pp. 250. ISBN 0 9598260 2 5. Contains a considerable amount of interesting material on secret service operations in Australia. The comments and interpretations are provocative and polemical and should be
treated accordingly. There is a bibliography that draws attention to less well-known publications and Australian material (pp. 236-44).
DASH, S. et al. The Eavesdroppers. New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, 1959. DONNER, FRANK. 'Electronic Surveillance: The National Security Game'. (1975) 2 Civil Liberties Review, 15-45. Noting that wiretapping was not held to fall within the searches and seizures provision until 1967, this article traces governmental use of electronic surveillance from 1928 and the Olmstead case through the Nixon administration when national security became a favourite ploy to justify this intrusion at a time when the Court tightened restrictions on its employment. ELLIOT, I. D. 'Listening Devices and the Participant Monitor: Controlling the Use of
327-71.
GREAT BRITAIN, COMMITTEE OF PRIVY COUNCILLORS APPOINTED TO INQUIRE INTO THE INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS. Report [the Birkett Report] (Cmnd 283). London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1957. GREAT BRITAIN, HOME OFFICE. The Interception of Communications in Great Britain (Cmnd 7878). London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1980. A very brief report giving statistics on interception and an outline of existing safeguards, with very little analysis. LEMOND, A. & FRY, R. No Place to Hide. New York, St Martin's Press, 1975. Pp. xxvi + 278. LC 74 81463. A rather journalistic description of surveillance techniques and their uses in the U. S. Malone v. Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1979] Chancery Reports 344. Telephone tapping is not in itself unlawful in Britain. In a thorough discussion of the legal issues, the court held legislation to be the only means of bringing the law on this matter into conformity with the European Convention on Human Rights. MANNING, MORRIS. The Protection of Privacy Act Bill C-176: An Analysis and Commentary. Toronto, Butterworths, 1974. Pp. xxii + 200. ISBN 0 409 84885 9. A close legal commentary on the Canadian Protection of Privacy Act, 1973, which recognises the right to privacy and creates offences relating to wiretapping and eavesdropping. Appendixes: legislation from Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Alberta, Ontario, British Columbia, Saskatchewan. MANNING, MORRIS. Wiretap Law in Canada: A supplement to the Protection of Privacy Act, Bill C-176, An Analysis and Commentary. Toronto, Butterworths, 1978. Pp. xvi + 184. ISBN 0 409 84886 7. A supplement which looks critically at developments with the Canadian Privacy Act from 1973-1978. The close discussion of cases is of particular interest. Appendix: a discussion of proposed amendments to 1973 Act. SMITH, H. J. 'Telephone-Tapping and Civil Liberties in Western Australia'. (1981) 6 Legal Service Bulletin, 156-8. SEDDON, NICHOLAS. 'ASIO and Accountability'. (1982) 54 Australian Quarterly, 362-81. WALKER, C. P. 'Police Surveillance by Technical Devices'. (1980) Public Law, 184-217. WESTIN, ALAN F. Privacy and Freedom. New York, Atheneum, 1967. Pp. xvi + 487. L.C. 67 14335.
A seminal work on the implications of surveillance technologies for personal privacy. Bibliography pp. 445-58. Freedom of assembly See also — C ivil and political rights (p. 176): Freedom of religion, thought and conscience (p. 255), Security of the
person (p. 193): Police powers (p. 201) Related issues — civil disobedience; conscientious objection; demonstrations; incitement to racial hatred; incitement to violence; picketing; public meetings; public order; police powers; sit-ins; street marches; subversive acts; symbolic speech A BALL, JOHN. 'Freedom and Order: Where Is the Line To Be Drawn?'. (1971) 4 justice, 1-16. BARNUM, D. G. 'Freedom of Assembly and the Hostile Audience in Anglo-American Law'. (1981) 29 American Journal of Comparative Law, 59-96. BAY, C. 'Civil Disobedience: Prerequisite for Democracy in Mass Society', in J. G. Murphy (ed.), Civil Disobedience and Violence. Belmont, Cal., Wadsworth, 1971. BEVAN, V. T. 'Protest and Public Order'. (1979) Public Law, 163-87. BIRTLES, W. 'The Common Law Power of the Police to Control Public Meetings'. (1973) 36 Modern Law Review, 587-99. BRENNAN, FRANK. Too Much Order With Too Little Law. St Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1983. Pp. xx + 303. ISBN 0 7022 1842 1. This is a detailed examination of the law-and-order controversy in Queensland in the context of the right of public protest. It forms an important critical and historical study of the right of public protest in Australia generally, police powers and public order. BROWN, R. A.' "And Hast Thou Slain the Jabberwock?" The Law Relating to Demonstrations in the A.C.T.'. (1974) 6 Federal Law Review, 107-49. CAMPBELL, ANDREW A. The Politically Motivated Demonstration: Implications for Law Enforcement'. (1978) Australian and New Zealand journal of Criminology, 95-105. 'Demonstrations and the Law'. (1971) 45 Australian Law Journal, 589-92. DUGARD, C. Human Rights and the South African Legal Order. Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 1978, ch. 6. ISBN 0 691 09236 2. DWORKIN, RONALD. 'On Not Prosecuting Civil Disobedience', in J. G. Murphy (ed.), Civil Disobedience and Violence. Belmont, Cal., Wadsworth, 1971. FISSE, W. B. & JoNEs, J. B. 'Demonstrations: Some Proposals for Law Reform'. (1971) 45 Australian Law Journal, 593-616. FISSE, W. B. & JoNEs, J. B. 'Demonstrations: The 1972 South Australian Legislation'. (1973) 47 Australian Law Journal, 603-9. GIFFORD, K. H. 'Recent Cases — Street Demonstrations'. (1971) 45 Australian Law Journal, 627-9.
GRUNIS, A. D. 'Police Control of Demonstrations'. (1978) 56 Canadian Bar Review, 393-439. HANDLEY, R. 'Assembly Laws and the Civil Rights Covenant'. (1981) 6 Legal Service Bulletin, 68-70. HILLER, A. Taw and Order under the Public Order Act 1971'. (1973) 47 Australian Law Journal, 251-62. HILLER, A. Public Order and the Law. Sydney, Law Book Company, 1983. Pp. xx + 230. ISBN 0 455 20276 1, ISBN 0 455 20410 1 (pbk). HOPE, R. M. 'Civil Liberties in Australia: The Case of Peaceful Assemblies', in Alice Erh-Soon Tay et al. (eds), Teaching Human Rights: An Australian Symposium. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1981, pp. 33-44. ISBN 0 642 06762 7. HOPE, R. M. The Right of Peaceful Assembly. Sydney, Council of Civil Liberties, 1970. Pp. 12. HUGHES, C. 'Marching Rule in Brisbane'. (Nov. 1967) Quadrant, 11-29. JENNINGS, W. I. 'Public Order'. (1937) 8 Political Quarterly, 7-20. KILBRIDE, P. E. & BURNS, P. T. 'Freedom of Movement and Assembly in Public Places'. (1966) 2 New Zealand Universities Law Review, 1-28. LEvINE, G. D. 'Should Civil Disobedience be Legalized? Reflections on Coercive Protest
Liouss, W. D. 'Queensland and the Right to March'. (1981) 8 justice, 22-35. MISSEN, ALAN. 'The Right of Assembly and Procession in Australia'. (1981) 8 Justice, 57-63. 'Peaceful Labor Picketing and the First Amendment'. (1982) 82 Columbia Law Review, 1469-97. RAWLS, JOHN. 'The Justification of Civil Disobedience', in H. A. Bedau (ed.), Civil Disobedience. New York, Pegasus, 1969, pp. 240-55. RAWLS, JOHN. 'Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play', in J. G. Murphy (ed.), Civil Disobedience and the Violence. Belmont, Cal., Wadsworth, 1971, pp. 39-52. SCARMAN, LORD. The Red Lion Square Disorders (Cmnd 8919). London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1975. SHUMAN, SAMUEL I. Law and Disorder. Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1971. Pp. 236. ISBN 0 8143 1436 8. Five essays on the legitimation of direct action as an instrument of social policy: Tom C. Clark, 'Some Historical Antecedents for the use of Direct Action'; Samuel I. Shuman, 'Social Policy and Direct Action as Freedom of Expression'; Charles Hamilton, 'Direct Action, Racial Protest and Public Policy'; Samuel I. Shuman, 'Direct Action on Campus'. SMITH, H. 'Public Assembly in Western Australia: Section 54B and the Civil Liberties Campaign'. (1980) 5 Legal Service Bulletin, 291-6. SMITH, H. 'Section 54B, the Arrest of Father Xmas and the Wickham Decision'. (1981) Legal Service Bulletin, 47-8.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA, ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE SEPTEMBER MORATORIUM DEMONSTRATION
(Mr Justice C. H. Bright, Commissioner). Report. Adelaide, Government Printer, 1971 SUPPERSTONE, MICHAEL. Brownlie's Law of Public Order and National Security. 2nd edn. London, Butterworths, 1981. Pp. lvii + 415. A description of the law relating to public order and national security in the U. K. The book also includes comparative studies of U. S. law. Comprehensive footnotes. SYMPOSIUM. 'Protest and the Law'. (1969) 44 Current Affairs Bulletin, 131-43. TARLO, H. 'The Campaign Against Queensland'. (Nov. 1967) 11 Quadrant, 35. TRICE, J. E. 'Methods and Attitudes to Picketting'. (1975) Criminal Law Review, 272-82. UNITED NATIONS, COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, SUB-COMMISSION ON PREVENTION OF DISCRIMINATION AND PROTECTION OF MINORITIES. Study of the Individual's Duties to the Community and the Limitations of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms under Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A Contribution to the Freedom of the Individual Under the Law. UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/432/Rev.1 (1980). UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Law and Authority in an Age of Protest. Proceedings of Seminar for Commencement of University of New South Wales Law Faculty, 5 November 1970. WADE, E. C. S. 'Police Powers and Public Meetings'. (1937) 6 Cambridge Law Journal, 175-81. WHITMORE, HARRY. 'Demonstrations in a Crowded World'. (1981) 8justice, 17-21. WHITMORE, HARRY. 'Freedom of Speech, Demonstrations and Public Meetings'. (1974) 6 Australian journal of Forensic Sciences, 249-53. WILLIAMS, D. G. T. 'Freedom of Assembly and Free Speech: Changes and Reforms in England'. (1975) 1 University of New South Wales Law Journal, 97-120. WILLIAMS, D. G. T. Keeping the Peace; the Police and Public Order. London, Hutchinson, 1967. Pp. 264. A lucid study of constraints on the freedom of assembly in the U.K. A fine mix of the critical and the descriptive. The author considers police powers and executive discretion and then goes on to consider offences against public order — including incitement and sedition, riot, rout, unlawful assembly, as well as the miscellany of lesser offences that can be used by the authorities. Now somewhat dated, this is still an important seminal study. WILLIAMS, D. G. T. 'The Police, Public Meetings and Public Order: 1962'. (1963) Criminal Law Review, 149-58. WILLIAMS, D. G. T. 'Protest and Public Order'. (1970) 28 Cambridge Law journal, 96-121.
Freedom of association See also — C   ivil and political rights (p. 176): Freedom of assembly (p. 217), Freedom of religion, thought and conscience (p. 255); Discrimination (p. 260): Sex discrimination — women (p. 288); Human rights — general
(p. 131): International Labour Organization (ILO) and other specialised organisations (p. 145) Related issues — p olitical parties; pressure groups; religious organisations; special interest groups; subversive organisations; trade unions
A This is a study of the First Amendment guarantee of the right to peaceable assembly and of the judicially created right of association. Noting that the right of association has received less attention than other First Amendment rights, Abernathy argues that it is clearly a right cognate to the right of assembly even though it is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution and examines such aspects as the intention of the framers and assemblies in streets and parks. BLOUSTEIN, E. J. 'Group Rights: the Right to Huddle'. (1977) 8 Rutgers Camden Law Journal, 219-83. CASTBERG, FREDE. The European Convention on Human Rights. Leiden, Sijthoff; Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Oceana, 1974, pp. 152-4. ISBN 90 286 0503 7 (Sijthoff). ISBN 0 379 00202 7 (Oceana). CASTBERG, FREDE. Freedom of Speech in the West. A Comparative Study of Public Law in France, the United States and Germany. Oslo, Oslo University Press; London, Allen & Unwin, 1960. Pp. xiii + 475. Legal problems of the freedom of speech, freedom of information and freedom of formation of political parties discussed in the wider political context of three countries: France, U. S. A. and Federal Republic of Germany. Good presentation of the historical developments of political freedoms. DUCHACEK, I. D. Rights and Liberties in the World Today: Constitutional Promise and Reality. Santa Barbara, California, ABC Clio, 1973, chapter 6. ISBN 0 87436 112 5. FELLMAN, DAVID. The Constitutional Right of Association. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1963. This is a brief explanation of the right of association as judicially derived from the First Amendment guarantees of speech and assembly. HAAS, E. B. Beyond the Nation-State. Functionalism and International Organization. Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1964, chapter 12. ISBN 0 8047 0187 3. HAAS, E. B. Human Rights and International Action. The Case of Freedom of Association. Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1970. Pp. x + 184. ISBN 0 8047 0725 1. This book by a leading political scientist is a theoretical study, but its factual basis may be interesting for practitioners. The author claims that 'unless the protection of human rights is approached in the functional context, nothing much can be expected from the United Nations or international law (. . .). The test of functional logic is provided by the only aspect of international human rights machinery sufficiently developed to provide adequate materials: the ILO'. The author uses freedom of association as a case study. JENKS, C. W. Human Rights and International Labour Standards. London, Stevens 8: Sons; New York, Praeger, 1960, pp. 49-69.
RAGGI, REENA. 'An Independent Right to Freedom of Association'. (1977) 12 Harvard Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Law Review, 1-30. STAINES, A. 'Constitutional Protection and the European Convention on Human Rights — An Irish Joke?'. (1981) 44 Modern Law Review, 149-65. UNITED NATIONS, COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, SUB-COMMISSION ON PREVENTION OF DISCRIMINATION AND PROTECTION OF MINORITIES. Study of the Individual's Duties to the Community and the Limitations of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms under Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, A Contribution to the Freedom of the Individual Under Law. UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/432/Rev.1 (1980). VALTICOS, N. 'The International Labor Organization', in S. M. Schwebel (ed.), The Effectiveness of International Decisions. Papers of a Conference of the American Society of International Law, and the Proceedings of the Conference. Leiden, Sijthoff; Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Oceana, 1971, pp. 134-55. ISBN 90 218 9041 0. WILSON, L. A. & SHANNON, R. 'Homosexual Organizations and the Right of Association'. (1979) 30 Hastings Law Journal, 1029-74. Trade unions JENKS, C. W. Human Rights and International Labour Standards. London, Stevens & Sons; New York, Praeger, 1960, pp. 49-69. JENKS, C. W. 'The International Protection of Trade Union Rights', in E. Luard (ed.), The International Protection of Human Rights. London, Thames & Hudson, 1967, pp. 210-47. LANG, JONATHON. 'Toward a Right to Union Membership'. (1977) 12 Harvard Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Law Review, 31-62. VON PRONDZYNSKI, FERDINAND. 'Freedom of Associations and the Closed Shop: the European Perspective'. (1982) 41 Cambridge Law journal, 256-72. YOKOTA, K. 'International Standards of Freedom of Association for Trade-Union Purposes'. (1975) 144 Academie de Droit International; Recueil des Cours, I, 309-80. Freedom of expression See also — Directory: sites -> default -> files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations files -> Nstructions for Acquiring Excess Equipment online, through the 1033 Program files -> Occupational health and safety files -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Program files -> International programs roel profile files -> Fermi Questions a guide for Teachers, Students, and Event Supervisors Lloyd Abrams, Ph. D. DuPont Company, cr&D/ccas experimental Station Wilmington, de 19880 files -> Personal Information Name: Maha Al-Ammari Nationality: Saudi Relationship Status Download 2.04 Mb. Share with your friends:
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USTRALIAN LAW REFORM COMMISSION. Privacy and Census (Report no. 12). Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1979. Pp. xvi + 75.
CTION, H. B. 'Political Justification', in H. A. Bedau (ed.), Civil Disobedience: Theory and Practice. New York, Pegasus, 1969, pp. 220-39.