To move the chromosomes evenly between the two new cells
17) LOOK AT DIAGRAM BELOW
A PROPHASE
B METAPHASE
C ANAPHASE
D TELOPHASE/
BEGINNING
CYTOKINESIS
E INTERPHASE
1 CENTRIOLE
2 SPINDLE FIBER
3 SISTER CHROMATID
4 DAUGHTER CELLS
5 CHROMATIN (DNA)
6 CELL MEMBRANE
7 NUCLEOLUS
8 CENTRIOLES
9 CHROMOSOME
10 NUCLEUS
18) Write a brief explanation of each phase
Interphase
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G1 cell size doubles, organelles double
S DNA is doubled “synthesized”
G2 Cell grows and prepares to divide
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Prophase
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Chromosomes condense and nucleus disappears- “PASTA”
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Metaphase
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Chromosomes move into the equator of the cell “MIDDLE”
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Anaphase
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Chromosomes are pulled away towards opposite poles of the cell “AWAY”
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Telophase
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Nuclear membranes reappear in both poles, chromosomes unwind, starts to show 2 cells “TWO”
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Cytokinesis
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Cytoplasm divides in 2
Plants- cell plate
Animals- cleavage furrow
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19) Provide a brief explanation of each term
Apoptosis- programmed cell death- if a cell is irregular, and cannot be repaired or fixed, then the cell will destroy the mutant cell rather than let it become cancerous.
Spindle Fibers- fibers that attach to every chromosome and assist to move them away towards opposite ends of the cell
Centromere- the middle part of chromosomes that attaches the two sister chromatids together
20) Cancer:
What is cancer? The uncontrollable division of cells
What happens in the cell that leads to cancer? There must be a change in the DNA (mutation) that causes the cell to lose control of its cell cycle and constantly divide
Normal cells- mostly in interphase// Cancer cells have more cells in stages of mitosis.
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