Title: Journal of Hazardous Materials

Title: Journal of Hazardous Materials

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Hazard. Mater.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Hazard Mater

ISSN: 0304-3894

Issues/Year: 12

Journal Country/Territory: Netherlands

Language: Multi-Language

Publisher: Elsevier Science BV

Publisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands

Subject Categories:

Engineering, Environmental: Impact Factor 0.424, 20/36 (2000); Impact Factor 0.497, 19/38 (2001); Impact Factor 0.823, 10/37 (2002); Impact Factor 1.099, 7/35 (2003); Impact Factor 1.433, 6/35 (2004); Impact Factor 1.544, 5/37 (2005); Impact Factor 1.855, 7/35 (2006); Impact Factor 2.337, 5/37 (2007); Impact Factor 2.975, 5/38 (2008); Impact Factor 4.144, 4/42 (2009); Impact Factor 3.723, 6/45 (2010)

Engineering, Civil: Impact Factor 0.424, 19/63 (2000); Impact Factor 0.823, 6/71 (2002); Impact Factor 1.099, 5/73 (2003); Impact Factor 1.433, 2/79 (2004); Impact Factor 1.544, 2/80 (2005); Impact Factor 1.855, 2/83 (2006); Impact Factor 2.337, 1/88 (2007); Impact Factor 2.975, 1/91 (2008); Impact Factor 4.144, 1/106 (2009); Impact Factor 3.723, 2/115 (2010)

Environmental Sciences: Impact Factor 0.849, 60/126 (1999); Impact Factor 0.424, 100/127 (2000); Impact Factor 0.823, 71/132 (2002); Impact Factor 1.099, 60/131 (2003); Impact Facto 1.433, 45/140 (2005); Impact Factor 1.855, 39/144 (2006); Impact Factor 2.337, 32/160 (2007); Impact Factor 2.975, 25/163 (2008); Impact Factor 4.144, 10/180 (2009); Impact Factor 3.723, 18/193 (2010)

? Jones, C.J., Mcgugan, P.J., Smith, A.J. and Wright, S.J. (1978), Adsorption of some toxic substances by waste components. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2 (3), 219-225.

Full Text: 1960-80\J Haz Mat2, 219.pdf

Keywords: Adsorption, Components, Waste

Bennett, G.F. (1979), Kepone/mirex/hexachlorocyclopentadiene: An environmental Assessment: A report prepared by the Coordinating Committee for Scientific and Technical Assessment of Pollution, the (U.S.) National Research Council (NRC), National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Washington, D.C. 20418, 1978, 73 pp. L.C. No: 78-58517; ISBN No. 0-309-02766-7. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 3 (2), 183-184.

Full Text: J\J Haz Mat3, 183.pdf

Zabel, T. (1979), Drinking water detoxification edited by M.T. Gillies, Noyes Data Corporation, New Jersey, 1978, 348 pages, $48. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 3 (2), 184-185.

Full Text: J\J Haz Mat3, 184.pdf

Feates, F.S. (1979), Unit operations for treatment of hazardous industrial waste edited by D.J. DeRenzo, Noyes Data Corporation, 1978, $42. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 3 (2), 185-186.

Full Text: J\J Haz Mat3, 185.pdf

? Schwope, A.D., Klein, J., Sidman, K.R. and Reid, R.C. (1986), Sorption desorption phenomena of chemicals from polymer (paint) films. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 13 (3), 353-367.

Full Text: 1986\J Haz Mat13, 353.pdf

Keywords: Desorption, Sorption

? Poe, S.H., Valsaraj, K.T., Thibodeaux, L.J. and Springer, C. (1988), Equilibrium vapor phase adsorption of volatile organic chemicals on dry soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 19 (1), 17-32.

Full Text: 1988\J Haz Mat19, 17.pdf

Keywords: Adsorption, Equilibrium, Soils

? Valsaraj, K.T. and Thibodeaux, L.J. (1988), Equilibrium adsorption of chemical vapors on surface soils, landfills and landfarms - A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 19 (1), 79-99.

Full Text: 1988\J Haz Mat19, 79.pdf

Keywords: Adsorption, Equilibrium, Review, Soils

? Ahlert, W.K. and Uchrin, C.G. (1990), Rapid and secondary sorption of benzene and toluene by two aquifer solids. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 23 (3), 317-330.

Full Text: 1990\J Haz Mat23, 317.pdf

Keywords: Benzene, Sorption, Toluene

? Roy, W.R. and Griffin, R.A. (1991), An analytical model for insitu extraction of organic vapors. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 26 (3), 301-317.

Full Text: 1991\J Haz Mat26, 301.pdf

Abstract: This paper introduces a simple convective-flow model that can be used as a screening tool and for conducting sensitivity analyses for in situ vapor extraction of organic compounds from porous media. An assumption basic to this model was that the total mass of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) exists in three forms: as vapors, in the soil solution, and adsorbed to soil particles. The equilibrium partitioning between the vapor-liquid phase was described by Henry’s law constants (K(H)) and between the liquid-soil phase by soil adsorption constants (K(d)) derived from soil organic carbon-water partition coefficients (K(oc)). The model was used to assess the extractability of 36 VOCs from a hypothetical site. Most of the VOCs appeared to be removable from soil by this technology, although modeling results suggested that rates for the alcohols and ketones may be very slow. In general, rates for weakly adsorbed compounds (K(oc) < 100 mL/g) were significantly higher when K(H) was greater than 10^-4 atm-m³-mol^-1. When K(oc) was greater than about 100 mL/g, the rates of extraction were sensitive to the amount of organic carbon present in the soil. The air permeability of the soil material (k) was a critical factor. In situ extraction needs careful evaluation when k is less than 10 millidarcies to determine its applicability. An increase in the vacuum applied to an extraction well accelerated removal rates but the diameter of the well had little effect. However, an increase in the length of the well screen open to the contaminated zone significantly affected removel rates, especially in low-permeability materials.

Keywords: Adsorption, Alcohols, Carbon, Equilibrium, Evaluation, Extractability, Extraction, In Situ, Law, Media, Model, Modeling, Needs, Organic Compounds, Partition, Partition Coefficients, Partitioning, Porous Media, Removal, Screening, Sensitivity, Soil, Technology, Vapor, VOC, VOCs

? English, C.W. and Loehr, R.C. (1991), Degradation of organic vapors in unsaturated soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 28 (1-2), 55-63.

Full Text: 1991\J Haz Mat28, 55.pdf

Abstract: To predict the fate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in unsaturated soil, it is necessary to understand the physical and chemical processes that occur in the soil system. Two important removal mechanisms of organic vapors in soil are sorption and biodegradation. Modeling efforts to describe the removal of organic vapors in soil require constitutive relationships that are developed from laboratory data. This paper reports measurements of removal coefficients for three VOCs in a fine sandy loam soil. Sorption coefficients and degradation removal rates were determined from batch reactors for three compounds: benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE) and o-xylene. Results indicate organic vapors are sorbed and then removed by biodegradation in the unsaturated soil system. This information has potential for use in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with VOCs and for impacting decisions on air emissions, regulatory limits and on-site controls.

Keywords: Air Emissions, Batch, Benzene, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Degradation, Information, Mechanisms, Modeling, Organic Compounds, Relationships, Removal, Soil, Soils, Sorption, TCE, Trichloroethylene, Unsaturated Soil, VOCs, Volatile Organic Compounds

? Fiorenza, S., Duston, K.L. and Ward, C.H. (1991), Decision making - Is bioremediation a viable option? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 28 (1-2), 171-183.

Full Text: 1991\J Haz Mat28, 171.pdf

Abstract: Bioremediation, as it pertains to hazardous wastes, is a process technology that uses microorganisms to degrade organic chemicals of interest. Often, the biodegradation can occur without transferring the contamination from one part of the environment to another, as is often the case with other remediation methods. Air stripping of contaminated ground water, incineration of contaminated material, and even carbon adsorption all contribute to cross-media pollution by producing hazardous residues, often more concentrated than the original form, that must be disposed. The diversity of bioremediation technologies ensures that one or more of them may be suitable for at least part of a remediation scheme. With our increased understanding of subsurface processes, we are shifting from the treatment of effects, i.e., treatment of contaminated ground water, to the treatment of contaminant sources.

Keywords: Adsorption, Air Stripping, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Carbon, Contaminant, Contamination, Diversity, Environment, Ground Water, Incineration, Methods, Pollution, Process, Remediation, Sources, Technology, Treatment, Understanding, Water

? Pollard, S.J.T., Montgomery, D.M., Sollars, C.J. and Perry, R. (1991), Organic compounds in the cement based stabilization - Solidification of hazardous mixed wastes - mechanistic and process considerations. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 28 (3), 313-327.

Full Text: 1991\J Haz Mat28, 313.pdf

Abstract: The pretreatment of hazardous wastes by cement-based stabilisation/solidification is of increasing importance as an alternative to the direct landfill of toxic materials. Inorganic and organic compounds are known to have a range of beneficial or harmful effects on cement hydration and their presence within construction materials has been strictly controlled. This paper reviews cement and pozzolanic hydration and the use of organic admixtures as a prerequisite to a discussion of the effects of organic wastes in cement. The pre-adsorption of organic contaminants is reviewed and presented as a potential extension of existing solidification processes for the successful treatment of mixed organic/inorganic wastes.

Keywords: Cement, Contaminants, Discussion, Harmful Effects, Landfill, Mixed, Organic Compounds, Organic Contaminants, Presence, Pretreatment, Process, Solidification, Treatment

Makdisi, R.S. (1991), Tannery wastes definition, risk assessment and cleanup options, Berkeley, California. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 29 (1), 79-96.

Full Text: J\J Haz Mat29, 79.pdf

Abstract: United States tanneries generate up to 100,000 (wet) tons of hair-burn and chrome sludges and contaminated soils. A facility closure investigation at a tannery in Berkely, California showed sludges containing concentrations of Cr in the range of 1,000 to 40,000 mg/kg on a dry weight basis. California Code of Regulations defines total chromium above a concentration of 2,500 mg/kg in soil or sludge as hazardous waste. Chromium desorption from the soil matrix and Cr solubility are low. Migration of chromium in the soil water occurs either as a soluble Cr(VI) species, HCrO₄^- and CrO₄^2- or as Cr(III) or Cr(VI) in soluble complexes with organic or inorganic substances. Investigations at the Berkeley tannery indicate these tannery sludges exhibit low mobility and have Cr(III) to Cr(VI) ratio over 200. A risk assessment was completed to assess the possible effects on public health, but they were determined to be insignificant. Cleanup options evaluated were offsite disposal, encapsulation, or land treatment.

Keywords: Hexavalent Forms, Chromium, Soils, Behavior, Adsorption, Reduction

McKinley, M.D., Warren, G.W., Lahoti, S.M and Sreenivasarao, K. (1992), Stabilization and hydrometallurgical treatment of flyash from a municipal incinerator. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 29 (2), 255-273.

Full Text: J\J Haz Mat29, 255.pdf

Abstract: Flyash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators is frequently classified as a characteristic hazardous waste due to lead and cadmium content. Two alternate processing schemes for the treatment of flyash obtained from the MSW incinerator in Tuscaloosa, AL have been investigated; one involves stabilization of the flyash with portland cement, and the other involves the recovery and recycling of metal values by leaching and subsequent precipitation. Results indicate that flyash can be successfully stabilized in a 1: 1 mixture of flyash and portland cement which meets environmental requirements. It has also been demonstrated that extraction of the metal content from flyash, specifically lead, cadmium and zinc, can be accomplished quickly and efficiently by leaching in hydrochloric acid solutions. Preliminary experiments on the subsequent recovery or precipitation of metallic lead and cadmium from these leaching solutions by cementation with zinc dust appear to be promising. Various means were used for characterization of the as-received material and several leaching residues including X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicated that at least some of the lead in the flyash is present in the form of PbSO₄ with smaller amounts of PbCl₂.

? Chiang, P.C., Chang, P. and You, J.H. (1992), Innovative technology for controlling VOC emissions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 31 (1), 19-28.

Full Text: 1992\J Haz Mat31, 19.pdf

Abstract: This investigation will show that pyrolysed spent grain obtained from the brewery industry plant can be reclaimed as an adsorbent for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The adsorption capacity of VOCs on the reclaimed adsorbent was approximately equivalent to that of coconut shell activated carbon. The properties of the prepared adsorbent were determined in terms of the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area, CCl4 activity and elemental analysis. Further studies using column adsorption tests indicated the column utilization ratio was approximately 86% when 930 ppm (by volume) of methylethyl ketone (MEK) in air was introduced to the column. During the desorption cycle, the percentage of solvent (MEK) recovery was observed to be 94% while a steam consumption rate was at 9 kg steam per 1 kg of recovered solvent and operated at 190-degrees-C with a flow rate of 120 ml/min.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Capacity, Carbon, Coconut Shell, Column, Column Adsorption, Consumption, Desorption, Organic Compounds, Recovery, Shell, Surface, Utilization, VOCs, Volatile Organic Compounds

? Hall, C.W. and Johnson, J.A. (1992), Limiting factors in ground-water remediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 32 (2-3), 215-223.

Full Text: 1992\J Haz Mat32, 215.pdf

Abstract: If one is charged with restoring a contaminated aquifer today, the procedure of pumping contaminated water to the surface for treatment and discharge is most often the state-of-practice technology. The perceived success of pump-and-treat technology can be misleading if the hydrology and contaminant characteristics at the site are not adequately understood. A failure to understand the processes controlling contaminant transport can result in extremely long pumping periods and, consequently, costly and inefficient remediation. Effects of tailing, sorption, and residual immiscible fluids on time required for pump-and-treat remediation of ground water are discussed.

Keywords: Contaminant, Contaminant Transport, Contaminated Water, Discharge, Ground Water, Hydrology, Perceived, Remediation, Sorption, Surface, Technology, Transport, Treatment, Water

? Charbeneau, R.J. and Weaver, J.W. (1992), Modeling contaminant transport through subsurface systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 32 (2-3), 293-311.

Full Text: 1992\J Haz Mat32, 293.pdf

Abstract: Modeling of contaminant transport through soil to groundwater to a receptor requires that consideration be given to the many processes which control the transport and fate of chemical constituents in the subsurface environment. These processes include volatilization, degradation, sorption and multiphase partitioning, leaching, advection and dispersion. Mathematical models for simulation of these processes may require significant data inputs. This paper reviews the important factors involved in modeling of subsurface transport as well as the data requirements and uncertainties. An application of a hydrocarbon spill screening model is presented.

Keywords: Contaminant, Contaminant Transport, Control, Degradation, Environment, Factors, Groundwater, Leaching, Model, Modeling, Models, Natural Sediments, Organic Pollutant Sorption, Partitioning, Screening, Simulation, Soil, Sorption, Transport, Volatilization, Water

? Voudrias, E.A. and Li, C.Y. (1993), Benzene vapor transport in unsaturated soil: Adequacy of the diffusion equation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 34 (3), 295-311.

Full Text: 1993\J Haz Mat34, 295.pdf

Abstract: Experimental data for unsteady state benzene vapor transport in large (10.5 cm x 100 cm) columns packed with dry and wet soil were used to evaluate the adequacy of the diffusion equation. It was shown that the diffusion equation and local equilibrium, accounting for water phase partitioning and linear sorption, adequately described vapor transport in dry soil. In wet soil, however, possible benzene biodegradation resulted in deviation of the diffusion equation from the experimental data. At steady-state, the dimensionless vapor concentration versus distance profile for the dry soil was linear, as opposed to the same profile in the wet soil column. The best fit retardation factor of benzene vapor for wet soil (R = 12) was lower than that for dry soil (R = 46), because of a reduction in vapor sorption capacity, due to competition with water molecules. A vapor phase sorption coefficient, K(d)’ = 5.05 cm3/g, was computed for the dry soil and K(d)’ = 0 for the wet soil.

Keywords: Benzene, Biodegradation, Capacity, Chemicals, Column, Competition, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Henrys Law Constants, Impact, Linear Sorption, Model, Moisture, Organic-Compounds, Partitioning, Phase Diffusion, Profile, Reduction, Retardation Factor, Soil, Soil Column, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, State, Subsurface Transport, Transport, Trichloroethylene Vapor, Vapor, Water

? Rhee, S.W., Reible, D.D. and Constant, W.D. (1993), Stochastic modeling of flow and transport in deep-well injection disposal systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 34 (3), 313-333.

Full Text: 1993\J Haz Mat34, 313.pdf

Abstract: The migration of deep-well injected waste in heterogeneous confining layers is evaluated using numerical simulation. Of primary concern is the migration potential through permeable sand paths between less permeable shale. The configuration of the predominantly shale confining layers was defined by Monte Carlo techniques assuming a binary random structure composed of pure sand and pure shale. Three-dimensional flow simulations using MODFLOW, a finite difference model, indicated that essentially continuous sand paths and unacceptably rapid transport might exist through confining layers with an average shale fractions of less than about 0.65 and that two and three dimensional flow simulations were essentially equivalent for high (>0.6-0.7) or low (<0.4-0.5) shale fractions. Diffusion and advection-dispersion in the configurations with a shale fraction greater than 0.65 were estimated via a two-dimensional finite element model. Interaction between organic constituents of the waste and the soil media is represented by linear sorption. The model was applied to an example in which dilute aqueous solutions of acrylonitrile were deep-well injected. Advective penetration of a representative confining layer over 10,000 years was found to be small (<3 m assuming injection pressures were maintained throughout the period). Even including diffusion and dispersion, concentrations in excess of drinking water criteria did not extend beyond the confining layers after simulation for 10,000 years.

Keywords: Acrylonitrile, Aqueous Solutions, Aquifer, Bounded Domain, Configurations, Difference, Diffusion, Dimensional Simulations, Disposal, Drinking, Drinking Water, Finite Element, Fraction, Heterogeneous, Interaction, Linear Sorption, Macrodispersion, Media, Migration, Model, Modeling, Porous-Media, Sand, Scale, Simulation, Soil, Solute Transport, Sorption, Spatial Variability, State Groundwater-Flow, Structure, Subsurface Flows, Transport, Water

? Patil, G.S. (1994), Prediction of aqueous solubility and octanol water partition-coefficient for pesticides based on their molecular-structure. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 36 (1), 35-43.

Full Text: 1994\J Haz Mat36, 35.pdf

Abstract: Correlations have been derived for the estimation of aqueous solubilities and octanol-water partition coefficients for pesticides, based solely on their molecular structure. The parameters used for obtaining these correlations are the zero order connectivity, zero order valence molecular connectivity, molecular polarizability, and carbon to hydrogen ratio. The results obtained are satisfactory for environmental applications. Such correlations may be used to predict the logarithm of aqueous solubilities (< 0.1) and/or the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficients (> -0.4) for pesticides. However, these correlations cannot be used satisfactorily for pesticides having a carbon to hydrogen ratio greater-than-or-equal-to 2, or O-analogues.

Keywords: Applications, Carbon, Chemicals, Connectivity, Environmental, Partition, Partition Coefficients, Pesticides, Pollutants, Prediction, Sorption, Structure, Topology, Water

? Amali, S., Petersen, L.W. and Rolston, D.E. (1994), Modeling multicomponent volatile organic and watervapor adsorption on soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 36 (1), 89-108.

Full Text: 1994\J Haz Mat36, 89.pdf

Abstract: Volatile organic chemical (VOC) and water vapors are present simultaneously in the sol gas phase. Any modeling of VOC vapor flow must account for the strong competition they experience from water and any competition between themselves. To account for these competitions, the multicomponent form of the Brunauer Emmett-Teller equation with finite number of adsorption layers was tested. Of the three input constants required in the multicomponent model, two can be obtained from single species adsorption experiments. The third constant was found to be bounded within a fairly narrow range; although its physical meaning is debatable, its value can be approximated fairly accurately. The data used to check the applicability of this model were for the adsorption of trichloroethylene and toluene on a sand and Yolo silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Xerorthent). For relative humidities (RHs) corresponding to less than one molecular layer of water coverage and at low to very low toluene and trichloro ethylene (TCE) vapor pressures, it underpredicted the adsorbed amounts of both species from their binary mixtures with water on both soils. At RHs corresponding to between one and two molecular layers of water coverage, predictions compared well with data. At RHs corresponding to about two layers of water, the model overpredicted the adsorbed amounts. At toluene relative vapor pressures above 0.1 the model reasonably described the adsorbed amount on sand at two RHs corresponding to one to two water layers. This model was further tested on published adsorption data of para-xylene and water on soil. It was reasonably successful in describing adsorption of para-xylene from its binary mixture with water above para-xylene relative vapor pressure of 0.069 and water relative humidity of 0.084. No competition between TCE and toluene was observed at the low vapor pressures in our experiments. Simulations of adsorption in the ternary systems of TCE, toluene, and water followed the same pattern as for the binary simulations.

Keywords: Adsorption, Binary Mixture, Competition, Competitive Adsorption, Coverage, Equilibrium Adsorption, Experience, Experiments, Gas Phase, Gas-Phase, Humidity, Meaning, Mixed, Mixtures, Model, Modeling, Moisture, Multicomponent, Pressure, Sand, Soil, Soils, Sorption, Surface-Area, Systems, TCE, Third, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, Vapor, Vapor Pressure, VOC, Water

Gong, Y. and Kirk, D.W. (1994), Behavior of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash. I: General leaching study. Journal of Hazardous Materials,