Received pronunciation british accent helpful hints



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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION: ENGLISH SPELLINGS / PHONEMES 15

LESSON I: INTRODUCTION TO THE VOWELS 41

A SHORT & LAX VOWELS 43

B MID – VOWELS 73

C LONG & TENSE VOWELS 79

D DIPH – THONGS 95
LESSON II DIFFICULT CONSONANTS 111
LESSON III: PRESENT SIMPLE –S & –ES ENDINGS 151

PAST SIMPLE –D & –ED ENDINGS 161

-ED ADJECTIVES

PLURAL NOUN –S & –ES ENDINGS 167

LESSON IV SYLLABIFICATION & WORD STRESS 179
LESSON V STRESS – TIMED ‘ENGLISH’ 231

VERSUS

SYLLABLE – TIMED ‘TURKISH’

LESSON VI CONNECTED SPEECH 309
LESSON VII BRITISH ACCENT VERSUS AMERICAN ACCENT 343

APPENDIX 363

GLOSSARY


REFERENCES


INTRODUCTION


ENGLISH

SPELLINGS / PHONEMES

BRITISH ENGLISH VOWELS (BBC ACCENT)


iː uː

ɪ ʊ

ɔː

ə ɜː

e

ʌ
ɒ
æ

ɑː


ENGLISH CLOSING DIPH-THONGS (BBC ACCENT)





ɪ ʊ
eɪ əʊ ɔɪ

aɪ aʊ

ENGLISH CENTERING DIPH-THONGS (BBC ACCENT)




ɪə

ʊə

ə





ENGLISH LETTERS



VOWELS

SEMI-VOWELS

CONSONANTS

a /eɪ/

w   /ˈdʌbl juː/

b    /biː/

e  /iː/

y    /waɪ/

c    /siː/

i   /aɪ/




d    /diː/

o  /əʊ/ 




f     /ef/

u   /juː/




g    /dʒiː/







h    /eɪtʃ/







j    /dʒeɪ/







k    /keɪ/







l    /el/







m   /em/







n   /en/







p   /piː/







q    /kjuː/







r   /ɑːr/







s     /es/







t    /tiː/







v     /viː/







x   /eks/







z   /zed/



/eɪ/

/biː/

/ef/

/aɪ/

/əʊ/

/kjuː/

/ɑːʳ/

/eɪtʃ/

/siː/

/el/

/waɪ/




/juː/




/dʒeɪ/

/diː/

/em/







/ˈdʌbl juː/




/keɪ/

/iː/

/en/
















/dʒiː/

/es/
















/piː/

/eks/
















/tiː/

/zed/
















/viː/
















MANNER OF ARTICULATION


PLOSIVES

p

b

t

d

k

g










AFFRICATES


























FRICATIVES

f

v

θ

ð

s

z

ʃ

ʒ

h

NASALS

m

n

ŋ



















APPROXIMANTS

l

r

w

j
















PLACE OF ARTICULATION


BILABIALS

p

b

m

w







LABIO-DENTALS

f

v













DENTALS

θ

ð













ALVEOLARS

t

d

s

z

n

l

POST- ALVEOLARS





ʃ

ʒ

r




PALATAL

j
















VELARS

k

g

ŋ










GLOTTAL

h

















LIST OF PHONETIC SYMBOLS

LAX & SHORT VOWELS

/e/ TEST /test/

/æ/ PASTA /ˈpæstə/

/ɪ/ DISH /dɪʃ/

/ə/ DRAMA /ˈdrɑːmə/



/ʌ/ BUT /bʌt/

/ʊ/ BOOK /bʊk/

/ɒ/ GOLF /gɒlf/


TENSE & LONG VOWELS


/iː/ TEAM /tiːm/

ː/ GIRL /gɜːl/

ː/ DANCE /dɑːns/

/uː/ COOL /kuːl/

ː/ TALK /tɔːk/

DIPH-THONGS



/eɪ/ TAPE /teɪp/

/əʊ/ GO /gəʊ/
/ɔɪ/ BOY /bɔɪ/

/aɪ/ TIE /taɪ/

/aʊ/ HOUSE /haʊs/
/ɪə/ EAR /ɪəʳ/

/ʊə/ TOUR /tʊəʳ/

/eə/ HAIR /heəʳ/

PLOSIVES



/p/ POOL /puːl/

/b/ BEEN /biːn/

/t/ BOUGHT /bɔːt/

/d/ OXFORD /ˈɒksfəd/

/k/ CALL /kɔːl/

/g/ GOOGLE /ˈguːgl/
FRICATIVES
/f/ FEEL /fiːl/

/v/ VILLA /ˈvɪlə/

/θ/ METHOD /ˈmeθəd/

/ð/ THIS /ðɪs/

/s/ PASS /pɑːs/

/z/ CAUSE /kɔːz/

/ʃ/ SHOE /ʃuː/

/ʒ/ TELEVISION /ˈtelɪvɪʒn/

/h/ NOT /nɒt/
AFFRICATES
/tʃ/ BEACH /biː/

/dʒ/ JEEP /dʒiːp/
NASALS
/m/ PROBLEM /ˈprɒbləm/

/n/ KEEN /kiːn/

/ŋ/ KANGAROO /ˌkæŋgəˈruː/

APPROXIMANTS
/l/ LAZY /ˈleɪzi/

/r/ RISK /rɪsk/

/w/ WELCOME /ˈwelkəm/

/j/ YOGA /ˈjəʊgə/
ENGLISH’ SOUNDS COMPARED to ‘TURKISH’ SOUNDS

SHORT & LAX VOWELS


1

/e/

bed

/bed/

2

/æ/

bad

/bæd/

3

/ɪ/

build

/bɪld/

4

/ə/

today

/təˈdeɪ/

5

/ʌ/

cut

/kʌt/

6

/ʊ/

book

/bʊk/

7

/ɒ/

dog

/dɒg/


LONG & TENSE VOWELS


8

/iː/

cip

Jeep


/dʒip/

/dʒiːp/

9

/ɜː/

göl

girl


/gɜl/

/gɜːl/

10

/ɑː/

kar

car


/kɑr/

/kɑːʳ/

11

/uː/

kul

cool


/kul/

/kuːl/

12

/ɔː/

form

sport


/fɔrm/

/spɔːt/

DIPH-THONGS


13

/ɪə/

bir

beer


/bir/

/bɪəʳ/

14

/ʊə/

tur

tour


/tur/

/tʊəʳ/

15

/eə/

şer

share


/şer/

/ʃeəʳ/

16

/eɪ/

şey

may


ei/

/meɪ/

17

/ɔɪ/

boy

boy


/bɔi/

/bɔɪ/

18

/aɪ/

ayran

my


iˈrɑn/

/maɪ/

19

/əʊ/

kov

go


/kow/

/gəʊ/

20

/aʊ/

Avrupa

house


/ˈɑʊrupɑ/

/haʊs/

NOTE:

ENGLISH LONG VOWELS are SHORTER than TURKISH LONG VOWELS

TURKISH SHORT VOWELS are LONGER than ENGLISH SHORT VOWELS

ENGLISH LONG VOWELS = TURKISH SHORT VOWELS

PLOSIVES (STOPS)


1

/b/

bir

back


/bir/

/bæk/

2

/p/

paket

panel


/pɑˈket/

/ˈpænl/

3

/d/

dergi

desk


/derˈgi/

/desk/

4

/t/

terzi

turn


/terˈzi/

/tɜːn/

5

/g/

geri

give


/geˈri/

/gɪv/

6

/k/

kiraz

key


/kiˈrɑz/

/kiː/


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