Training manual on international and comparative media and freedom of expression law
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298 Id.299 Id. 300 Id. 302 ECtHR, News Verlags GmbH & CoKG v. Austria, Application No. 31457/96 (2000). 303 New Zealand Court of Appeal, Lewis v. Wilson & Horton Ltd, 2 LRC 205 (2001). 304 Id. 305 Id. 306 South African Supreme Court of Appeal, Ponnan JA in City of Cape Town v. South African National Roads Authority Limited & others, (20786/14), ZASCA 58 (2015). 307 High Court of Australia, Nationwide News Pty Ltd v. Wills, 177 CLR 1 (1992). 308Id., par. 5. 309 High Court of Kenya, Republic v. Nowrojee, Application No. 461 of 1990 (1990), par. 6. 310 Supreme Court of India, EMS Namboodiripad v. TN Nambiar, AIR 1970 SC (1970). 311 Id., p. 2024. 312 Supreme Court of India, Sanjiv Datta and Ors. v. Unknown, 19953 S.C.R. 450 (1996), par. 460. 314 Id., par. 45. 315 Privy Council of Mauritius, Dhooharika v. The Director of Public Prosecutions, No. 0058 of 2012 (2014). 316 United States Supreme Court, Bridges v. California, 314 US 252 (1941). 317 United States Supreme Court, Pennekamp et al. Florida, 328 US 331 (1946). 318 ECtHR, Barfod v. Denmark, Application No. 11508/05 (1989), par. 34-35. 319 ECtHR, Oberschlick v. Austria, Application No. 11662/85 (1991), par. 37. 320 ECtHR, De Haes and Gijsels v. Belgium, Application No. 19983/92 (1997), par. 47. 321 Id., par. 37. 322 ECtHR (Grand Chamber), Morice v. France, Application No. 29369/10 (2015), par. 167. 323 Id., par. 168. 324 ECtHR, Perruzzi v. Italy, Application No. 39294/09 (2015). 326 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Inter-American Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression, 108th session, 19 October 2000. 327 EACJ, Burundi Journalists' Union v. The Attorney General of the Republic of Burundi, Ref. No. 1 of 2014 (2015). 328 Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa, supra note 156. 329 Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R (2000) 7 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the right of journalists not to disclose their sources of information, 8 March 2000. 330 Geoffrey Nyarota, Against the Grain: Memoirs of a Zimbabwean Newsman, (Zebra 2006), p. 196. 331 Singapore Court of Appeal, Dorsey v. World Sport Group Pte Ltd, Civil Appeal No. 167 of 2012/M (2014), par. 75. 332 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v. Radoslav Brdjanin & Momir Talic, Case No.: IT-99-36-AR73.9, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal (2002). 333 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, The Inter-American Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression, 108 session, 2-20 October 2000: Washington D.C., The United States. 334 Supreme Court of Norway, the "Edderkopp" case (HR-1992-10-A - Rt-1992-39), LNR 10/1992, JNR 34/1991, (1992), p. 39. 335 ECtHR, Roemens Schmit v. Luxembourg, Application No. 51772/99 (2003), par. 57. 336 United States Supreme Court, Marcus v. Search Warrant, 367 US 717 (1961), par. 730-31. 337 Divisional Court of England and Wales, Rv. Central Criminal Court, ex parte the Guardian, the Observer and Martin Bright, 2 All ER 244, 262 (2001). 338 French Criminal Procedure Code, Article 56-2. See also e.g.: Sections 97-98 of the German Criminal Procedure Code, Article 18.01(e) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. 339 ECtHR (Grand Chamber), Sanoma Uitgevers B.V. v. the Netherlands, Application No. 38224/03 (2010). 340 Id., par. 91. 341 Id., par. 92. 342 Id., par. 91. 343 ECtHR, Telegraaf Media Nederland Landelijke Media B.V. and others v. the Netherlands, Application No. 39315/06 (2013). 344 ECtHR, Guja v. Moldova, Application No 14277/04 (2008), par. 73. 345 Id., par. 74. 346 Id., par. 75. 347 Id., par. 76. 348 Id., par. 77. 349 Id., par. 78. 350 See: ECtHR, Frankowicz v. Poland, Application No. 53025/99 (2008); see also: ECtHR, Maschenko v. Ukraine, Application No. 4063/04 (2009); see also: ECtHR, Kudeshkina v. Russia, Application No. 29492/05 (2009); see also: ECtHR, Pasko v. Russia, Application No. 69519/01 (2009); see also: ECtHR, Sosinowska v. Poland, Application No. 10247/09 (2011); see also: ECtHR, Heinisch v. Germany, Application No. 28274/08 (2011); see also: ECtHR, Bucur and Toma v. Romania, Application No. 40238/02 (2013). 351 ICCPR, supra note 3, Art. 20. 352 Art. 4, United Nations General Assembly, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, GA Resolution 2106 (XX), (21 December 1965). 353 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, TBB v. Germany, Communication No. 48/2010, CERD/C/82/D/48/2010 (2013). 354 Id. 355 UNHRC, Ross v. Canada, Communication No. 736/1997 (2000), par. 10.6. 356 Id., par. 6.11. 357 UNHRC, Robert Faurisson v. France, Communication No. 550/1993, U.N. Doc.CCPR/C/58/D/550/1993 (1996). 358 Id., par. 9.6. 359 ECtHR, Jersild v. Denmark, Application No. 15890/89 (1994). 360 Id., par. 33-35. 361 Id., par. 31. 362 Id., par. 35. 363 ECtHR, Gokceli v. Turkey, Application Nos. 27215/95 and 36194/97 (2003), par. 22 (translation from French). 364 ECtHR, Gunduz v. Turkey, Application No. 35071/97 (2003), par. 51. 365 Supreme Court of Canada, R v. Keegstra, 3 S.C.R. 697 (1990). 366 The UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media and the OAS Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, Joint Statement on Racism and the Media (27 February 2001). p. 2. 367 United States Supreme Court, Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 US 444 (1969). 368 Id. 369 UNHRC, Ross v. Canada, Communication No. 736/1997 (2000), par. 10.6. 370 Constitutional Court of South Africa, Islamic Unity Convention v. Independent Broadcasting Authority, (4) SA 294 (CC); (5) BCLR 433 (CC) (2002). 371 United Nations General Assembly, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Resolution 260 (III) (9 December 1948), Art. 3. 372 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, The Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza and Hassan Ngeze, Case No. ICTR-99-52-T (2003). 373 Id., par. 86-90. 374 ECtHR, Garaudy v. France, Application No. 65831/01 (2003). 375 ECtHR, Léhideux and Isorni v. France, Application No. 55/1997/839/1045 (1998), par. 55. 376 ECtHR, Giniewski v. France, Application No. 64016/00 (2006), par. 44. 377 Id., par. 51. 379 ECtHR, Otto-Preminger-Institut vs. Austria, Application No. 13470/87 (1994), par. 49. 380 ECtHR, Wingrove v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 17419/90 (1996). 381 Divisional Court of Queen's Bench, R. v. Chief Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Choudhury, 1 All ER 313 (1991). 382 UNHRC, General Comment No. 34: ICCPR, Article 19: Freedoms of opinion and expression, UN Doc. No. CCPR/C/GC/34 (12 September 2011), par 48. 383 ICCPR, supra note 3, Art. 2 (3). 384 UNHRC, General Comment No. 31 [80]: ICCPR, The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, 2187th meeting, Geneva, Switzerland (26 May 2004), par. 4. 385 Id., par. 15. 386 Id., par.15. 387 Id., par. 18. 388 See e.g.: UNHRC, Bautista de Arellana v. Colombia, Communication No. 563/1993, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/55/D/563/1993 (1995) (Views of 11 October 1994). 389 See: ECtHR, L.C.B. v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 23413/94 (1998); see also: ECtHR, Osman v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 23452/94 (1998). 390 ECtHR, Angelova and Iliev v. Bulgaria, Application No. 55523/00 (2007), par. 93. 391 ECtHR, Osman v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 23452/94 (1998), par. 116. 392 ECtHR, McCann and Ors v. the United Kingdom, Application No. 18984/91 (1994). 393 ECtHR, Ergi v. Turkey, Application No. 23818/94 (1998). 394 Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa, supra note 156. 395 The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, the OAS Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information, Joint declaration on crimes against freedom of expression (25 June 2012). 396 ECtHR, Ozgur Gundem v. Turkey, Application No. 23144/93 (2000). 397 Id., par. 43. 398 Id., par. 44. 399 ECtHR, Dink v. Turkey, Application Nos. 2668/07, 6102/08, 30079/08, 7072/09 and 7124/09 (2010). 400 Id., par. 138 (unofficial translation). The original reads: "Elle estime que, dans ces circonstances, le manquement des forces de l'ordre à leur devoir de protéger la vie de Firat Dink contre l'attaque des membres d'un groupe ultranationaliste … ajouté au verdict de culpabilité prononcé par les juridictions pénales en l'absence de tout besoin social impérieux …a aussi entraîné, de la part du Gouvernement, un manquement à ses obligations positives au regard de la liberté d'expression de ce requérant." 402 IACtHR, Genie Lacayo v. Nicaragua, Series C No. 30 (1997), par. 77. See also: ECtHR, König v. Germany, Application No. 6232/73 (1978), par. 99. 403 IACtHR, Velásquez Rodriguez v. Honduras, Series C No. 4 (1988), par. 177. 404 IACtHR, Miranda v. Mexico, Case 11.739, Report Nº 5/99, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.95 Doc. 7 rev., p. 755 (1998), par. 52. 405 IACtHR, Vélez Restropo and Family v. Columbia (2012), p. 90. 406 ACtHPR, Claimants of Late Norbert Zongo, Abdoulaye Nikiema alias Ablasse, Ernest Zongo and Blaise Liboudo and the Burkinabe Movement on Human and Peoples' Rights v. Burkina Faso, Application No. 013/2011 (2014). 407 ECOWAS Community Court of Justice, Deyda Hydara Jr. and Others v. The Gambia, Case No. ECW/CCJ/APP/30/11 (2014). 408 ICCPR, supra note 3, Art. 2 (2). 409 United States Constitution (21 June 1788), art. VI. 410 United States Supreme Court, Foster & Elam v. Neilson, 27 U.S. 2 Pet. 253 (1829) Directory: sites -> default -> files -> resources resources -> Efca eastern District and TouchGlobal, the crisis response ministry of efca resources -> What is word processing? resources -> Background Information resources -> Best gifts ever resources -> Delaware Valley Grantmakers Affinity Group Roles and Responsibilities resources -> Faculty Guide for The College Student with a Disability resources -> Window jQuery resources -> State Incentives for Schools implementing leed projects, Energy Efficiency Upgrades, Renewable Energy Installations, or Alternative Fuels Projects resources -> Resources: Workplace Accommodations for Wounded Warriors Download 0.84 Mb. Share with your friends:
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