Иностранный язык (английский) Задания для контрольных работ по направлению «Юриспруденция»
TAXI, CAB H. МЕЖДУГОРОДНЫЙ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АВТОБУС
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8. TAXI, CAB H. МЕЖДУГОРОДНЫЙТУРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АВТОБУСTEST VIITHE INTERNETThe Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet switching. Owing this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. Оnе such packet switching network which has already survived a war is the Iraqi computer network which was not knocked out during the Gulf War. The most of the Internet host computers (more than 50 %) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fair; accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions worldwide, and their number is growing by thousands each month. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher. In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider, and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations. But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled – but inexpensive – Chinese computer-aided-design specialists. However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. "in the clear". But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved. TASKS 1. Answer the questions.
2. Correct the sentences.
3. Insert the correct preposition where needed.
4. Complete the sentences.
5. Match the words with their definitions. A. Things you can do on the Internet: 1. Surf the net A. Buy using the Internet 2. Visit a website B. Save the address of a page on the Internet so that you can find it again easily 3. Download files C. Spending time looking at websites for fun 4. Email people D. Send someone a document using email 5. Shop online E. Look for the information at a website 6. Bookmark sites F. Move information or programs from a computer network to a small computer B. People who work with computers: 1. User A. someone whose job is to study a company's computer needs and provide them with suitable software and equipment 2. Programmer B. someone who is in charge of a website 3. Web designer C. someone whose job is to write computer programs 4. Software engineer D. someone who designs websites 5. Systems analyst E. someone whose job is to take care of the computer software 6. Administrator F. someone whose job is to look after a computer system which has many users 7. Webmaster G. someone who tries to break into a computer system 8. Hacker H. someone who uses the computer C. Computer problems: 1. Bug A. damaged or partly ruined information 2. Virus B. an occasion when a computer or computer system suddenly stops working 3. Error C. a fault in the system of instructions that operates a computer 4. Corrupted file/data D. a set of instructions secretly put onto a computer or computer program, which can destroy information 5. Crash E. a mistake when you are working on a computer, which means that the computer program cannot do what you want it to do 6. Worm F. a type of computer virus that can make copies of itself and destroy information on computers that are connected to each other
1. Computer A. a very small light computer that you can carry with you, and that you use to store information such as telephone numbers, addresses, appointments. 2. Chartroom B. a very small computer that you can hold in your hand 3. Laptop C. a place on the Internet where you can write messages to other people and receive messages back from them immediately, so that you can have a conversation while you are online 4. Keyboard D. a café with computers where people can pay to use the internet 5. Monitor E. an electronic machine that stores information and uses programs to help you find, organize, or change the information 6. Palmtop F. part of a computer with a screen, on which you can see pictures or information 7. Personal digital assistant (PDA) G. a small computer that you can carry with you 8. Internet café H. a system that allows you to send and receive messages by computer 9. Email I. a board with buttons marked with letters or numbers that are pressed to put information into a computer.
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