OEA/Ser.L/V/II.
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WASHINGTON, D.C.
Document elaborated and printed thanks to the financial support European Commission (IEDDH Cris No. 2009 / 167-432), the Swedish Foundation for Human Rights, and contributions of Governments from Costa Rica, France, Switzerland and United States of America
TABLE OF ACRONYMS AND REFERENCES vii
CHAPTER I 3
GENERAL INFORMATION 3
A. Creation of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression and Institutional Support 3
B. Mandate of the Office of the Special Rapporteur 6
C. Principal Activities of the Office of the Special Rapporteur 7
D. Staff of the Office of the Special Rapporteur 20
B. Evaluation of the state of freedom of expression in the Member States 24
Reporters Without Borders. February 4, 2011. Jailed Journalists on Hunger Strike; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). February 9, 2011. Press Cuba to keep promise to free journalists; Agence France Presse (AFP). February 10, 2011. Un preso político cubano levanta su huelga de hambre de ocho días. [One Cuban political prisoner ends eight-day hunger strike] 68
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX. April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress; Reporters Without Borders. July 1, 2011. Authorities Step Up Harassment of Independent News Centre. 69
Misceláneas de Cuba. April 19, 2011. Informe sobre represión contra corresponsales de Hablemos Press [Report on repression against correspondents of Hablemos Press]; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX, April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress. 69
El País. September 5, 2011. Apoyo de FAPE y Reporteros sin Fronteras al corresponsal de El País en Cuba. [FAPE and Reporters Without Borders Come to Defense of El País correspondent in Cuba]; Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas. September 5, 2011. Unhappy with "negative" coverage, Cuba revokes press credentials of foreign correspondent. 71
Andean Group for Freedom of Information (EL GALI). July 13, 2011. Articulista renuncia para evitar que demanda de presidente por $80 millones quiebre al medio. Available at: http://www.elgali.org/monitoreo/ecuador/articulista-renuncia-evitar-que-demanda-presidente-80-millones-quiebre-al-medio; El Universo. July 11, 2011. Emilio Palacio renuncia a editoría de Opinión y a su columna en este Diario. Available at: http://www.eluniverso.com/2011/07/11/1/1355/emilio-palacio-renuncia-editoria-opinion-columna-diario.html?p=1354&m=638 78
Andean Group for Freedom of Information (EL GALI). June 30, 2011. Gobierno Interrumpe Programa de Entrevistas y Descalifica a su Entrevistadora. Available at: http://www.elgali.org/monitoreo/ecuador/gobierno-interrumpe-programa-entrevistas-y-descalifica-su-entrevistadora; International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX). August 10, 2011. Presidente de la república insta a legisladores a que enjuicien a periodista. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2011/08/10/hinostroza_harassed/es/; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). September 1, 2011. Ecuador bajo Correa: confrontación y represión. Available at: http://www.cpj.org/es/CPJ.es.ecuador.9.1.11.pdf 87
See generally, Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). At Occupy protests, U.S. journalists arrested, assaulted. Available at: http://cpj.org/blog/2011/11/at-occupy-protests-us-journalists-arrested-assault.php; Wall Street Journal. November 18, 2011. Protesters Clash with Police: Several Hundred Arrested Around U.S. on Movement's Two-Month Anniversary. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203699404577043970206021872.html 108
Republic of El Salvador. Law on Contentious Administrative Jurisdiction. Available at: http://www.ute.gob.sv/uteweb/publicaciones/ley_jurisdiccion_contencioso_administrativa.pdf 279
Republic of El Salvador. Law on Access to Public Information. Art. 101. The Law was approved through decree 534 of 2011 and entered into effect on May 8, 2011. Available at: http://www.accesoinformacionelsalvador.org/documentos/LEYDEACCESOALAINFORMACION.pdf 286
CHAPTER V 381
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 381
A.Violence against journalists and media outlets 381
B.Criminalization of expression and promoting proportionality in the application of subsequent liability 382
C. Statements of high-level State authorities 383
D. Prior censorship 383
E. Discriminatory distribution of government advertising 383
F. Progress on access to information 384
G. Allocation of radio frequencies 384