technical language is “party … was not given proper notice of the appointment of the arbitrator or of the arbitration proceedings or was otherwise unable to present his case.”
b) violation of the public policy of the law of the country where recognition and enforcement is sought.
The non-arbitrability of an award is determined according to the law of the country where recognition and enforcement is sought.
i.e. in Europe, disputes between consumer and producer are not capable of being settled by arbitration. in some jurisdictions, anti-trust violations are not capable of being settled by arbitration
Matters deemed to constitute a violation of public policy include, inter alia, impartiality of the arbitrators, lack of reasons in the award, and irregularities in the arbitral procedure.
some jurisdictions interpret this exception quite narrowly, i.e. the kinds of public policy issues that are really really important
in US, only if it would violate most basic notions of morality and justice