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© ISO/IEC 1994

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Contents	Page

Foreword ix

Introduction - Part 1 Systems x

0.1 Transport Stream xi

0.2 Program Stream xiv

0.3 Conversion between Transport Stream and Program Stream xv

0.4 Packetized Elementary Stream xvi

0.5 Timing model xvi

0.6 Conditional access xvi

0.7 Multiplex-wide operations xvii

0.8 Individual stream operations xvii

0.8 1 De-multiplexing xvii

0.8 2 Synchronization xviii

0.8 3 Relation to compression layer xviii

0.9 System reference decoder xviii

0.10 Applications xviii

Section 1: General 1

1.1 Scope 1

1.2 References 1

1.3 Identical Recommendations |International Standards 2

1.4 Additional references 2

Section 2 Technical elements 3

2.1 Definitions 3

2.2 Symbols and abbreviations 6

2.2.1 Arithmetic operators 6

2.2.2 Logical operators 7

2.2.3 Relational operators 7

2.2.4 Bitwise operators 7

2.2.5 Assignment 8

2.2.6 Mnemonics 8

2.2.7 Constants 9

2.3 Method of describing bit stream syntax 9

2.4 Transport Stream bitstream requirements 10

2.4.1 Transport Stream coding structure and parameters 10

2.4.2 Transport Stream system target decoder 11

2.4.3 Specification of the Transport Stream syntax and semantics 20

2.4.3.1 Transport Stream 21

2.4.3.2 Transport Stream packet layer 21

2.4.3.3 Semantic definitions of fields in Transport Stream packet layer 21

2.4.3.4 Adaptation field 23

2.4.3.5 Semantic definitions of fields in adaptation field 24

2.4.3.6 PES packet 33

2.4.3.7 Semantic definitions of fields in PES packet 35

2.4.3.8 Carriage of Program Streams and ISO/IEC 11172-1 Systems streams in the Transport Stream 43

2.4.4 Program specific information 44

2.5 Program Stream bitstream requirements 53

2.5.1 Program Stream coding structure and parameters 53

2.5.2 Program Stream system target decoder 54

2.5.3 Specification of the Program Stream syntax and semantics 58

2.5.3.1 Program Stream 58

2.5.3.2 Semantic definition of fields in Program Stream 58

2.5.3.3 Pack layer of Program Stream 58

2.5.3.4 Semantic definition of fields in program stream pack 59

2.5.3.5 System header 60

2.5.3.6 Semantic definition of fields in system header 60

2.5.4 Program Stream map 63

2.5.5 Program Stream directory 64

2.6 Program and program element descriptors 67

2.6.1 Semantic definition of fields in program and program element descriptors 67

2.6.2 Video stream descriptor 68

2.6.3 Semantic definition of fields in video stream descriptor 69

2.6.4 Audio stream descriptor 69

2.6.5 Semantic definition of fields in audio stream descriptor 70

2.6.6 Hierarchy descriptor 70

2.6.7 Semantic definition of fields in hierarchy descriptor 71

2.6.8 Registration descriptor 71

2.6.9 Semantic definition of fields in registration descriptor 71

2.6.10 Data stream alignment descriptor 72

2.6.11 Semantic definition of fields in data stream alignment descriptor 72

2.6.12 Target background grid descriptor 72

2.6.13 Semantic definition of fields in target background grid descriptor 73

2.6.14 Video window descriptor 73

2.6.15 Semantic definition of fields in video window descriptor 74

2.6.16 Conditional access descriptor 74

2.6.17 Semantic definition of fields in conditional access descriptor 75

2.6.18 ISO 639 language descriptor 75

2.6.19 Semantic definition of fields in ISO 639 language descriptor 75

2.6.20 System clock descriptor 76

2.6.21 Semantic definition of fields in system clock descriptor 76

2.6.22 Multiplex buffer utilization descriptor 77

2.6.23 Semantic definition of fields in multiplex buffer utilization descriptor 77

2.6.24 Copyright descriptor 77

2.6.25 Semantic definition of fields in copyright descriptor 78

2.6.26 Maximum bitrate descriptor 78

2.6.27 Semantic definition of fields in maximum bitrate descriptor 78

2.6.28 Private data indicator descriptor 78

2.6.29 Semantic definition of fields in Private data indicator descriptor 78

2.6.30 Smoothing buffer 78

2.6.31 Semantic definition of fields in smoothing buffer descriptor 79

2.6.32 STD descriptor 79

2.6.33 Semantic definition of fields in STD descriptor 80

2.6.34 IBP_descriptor 80

2.6.35 Semantic definition of fields in IBP_descriptor 80

2.7 Restrictions on the multiplexed stream semantics 81

2.7.1 Frequency of coding the system clock reference 81

2.7.2 Frequency of coding the program clock reference 81

2.7.3 Frequency of coding the elementary stream system clock reference 81

2.7.4 Frequency of presentation_time_stamp coding 81

2.7.5 Conditional coding of time stamps 82

2.7.6 Timing constraints for scalable coding 82

2.7.7 Frequency of coding P‑STD_buffer_size in PES packet headers 83

2.7.8 Coding of system header in the Program Stream 83

2.7.9 Constrained system parameter Program Stream 83

2.7.10 Transport Stream 84

2.8 Compatibility with ISO/IEC 11172 85

B CRC Decoder Model 96

C Program Specific Information 98

D ITU‑T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 Systems Timing Model and Application Implications 107

E Data Transmission Applications 118

F Graphics of Syntax for ITU‑T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818-1 119

G General Information 125

H Private Data 126

I List of companies having provided patent statements for ITU‑T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818 128

J Systems conformance and real-time interface 130

K Interfacing Jitter-Inducing Networks to MPEG-2 Decoders 131

L Splicing Transport Streams 135

List of Figures

0-1 -- Simplified overview of ITU‑T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818-1 scope x

0-2 -- Prototypical transport demultiplexing and decoding example xiii

0-3 -- Prototypical transport multiplexing example xiii

0-4 -- Prototypical Transport Stream to Program Stream conversion xiv

0-5 -- Prototypical decoder for program streams xv

2-6 -- Transport Stream system target decoder notation 11

2-7 -- Program Stream system target decoder notation 54

2-8 -- Target background grid descriptor display area 73

A-1 -- Configuration of DSM CC application 88

A-2 -- DSM CC bitstream decoded as a standalone bitstream 89

A-3 -- DSM CC bitstream decoded as part of the system bitstream 89

B-1 -- 32 bit CRC decoder model 96

C-1 -- Program and network mapping relationships 102

D-1 -- Constant delay model 107

D-2 -- STC recovery using PLL 111

F-1 -- Transport Stream syntax diagram 119

F-2 -- PES packet syntax diagram 120

F-3 -- Program association section diagram 120

F-4 -- Conditional access section diagram 121

F-5 -- TS program map section diagram 121

F-6 -- Private section diagram 122

F-7 -- Program Stream diagram 123

F-8 -- Program Stream map diagram 123

K-1 -- Sending system streams over a jitter-inducing network 132

K-2 -- Jitter smoothing using network-layer timestamps 133

K-3 -- Integrated dejittering and MPEG-2 decoding 134

List of Syntax Tables

2-1 -- Transport Stream 21

2-2 -- ITU‑T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818 transport packet 21

2-3 -- PID table 22

2-4 -- Scrambling control values 22

2-5 -- Adaptation field control values 23

2-6 -- Transport Stream adaptation field 23

2-7 -- Splice parameters table 1 30

2-8 -- Splice parameters table 2 30

2-9 -- Splice parameters table 3 30

2-10 -- Splice parameters table 4 31

2-11 -- Splice parameters table 5 31

2-12 -- Splice parameters table 6 31

2-13 -- Splice parameters table 7 31

2-14 -- Splice parameters table 8 32

2-15 -- Splice parameters table 9 32

2-16 -- Splice parameters table 10 32

2-17 -- PES packet 33

2-18 -- Stream_id assignments 36

2-19 -- PES scrambling control values 37

2-20 -- Trick mode control values 40

2-21 -- Field_id field control values 41

2-22 -- Coefficient selection values 41

2-23 -- Program specific information 44

2-24 -- Program specific information pointer 46

2-25 -- Program association section 47

2-26 -- table_id assignment values 47

2-27 -- Conditional access section 49

2-28 -- Transport Stream program map section 50

2-29 -- Stream type assignments 51

2-30 -- Private section 52

2-31 -- Program Stream 58

2-32 -- Program Stream pack 58

2-33 -- Program Stream pack header 59

2-34 -- Program Stream system header 60

2-35 -- Program Stream map 63

2-36 -- Program Stream directory packet 65

2-37 -- Intra_coded indicator 67

2-38 -- Coding_parameters indicator 67

2-39 -- Program and program element descriptors 68

2-40 -- Video stream descriptor 68

2-41 -- Frame rate code 69

2-42 -- Audio stream descriptor 70

2-43 -- Hierarchy descriptor 70

2-44 -- Hierarchy descriptor values 71

2-45 -- Registration descriptor 71

2-46 -- Data stream alignment descriptor 72

2-47 -- Video stream alignment values 72

2-48 -- Audio stream alignment values 72

2-49 -- Target background grid descriptor 73

2-50 -- Video window descriptor 74

2-51 -- Conditional access descriptor 75

2-52 -- ISO 639 language descriptor 75

2-53 -- Audio type values 76

2-54 -- System clock descriptor 76

2-55 -- Multiplex buffer utilization descriptor 77

2-56 -- Copyright descriptor 77

2-57 -- Maximum bitrate descriptor 78

2-58 -- Private data indicator descriptor 78

2-59 -- Smoothing buffer descriptor 79

2-60 -- STD descriptor 80

2-61 -- IBP descriptor 80

A-1 -- ITU‑T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818-1 DSM CC 91

A-2 -- Command_id assigned values 91

A-3 -- DSM_CC control 92

A-4 -- Select mode assigned values 93

A-5 -- DSM CC Acknowledgment 94

A-6 -- Time code 95

C-1 -- Composite_descriptor 104

C-2 -- Sub-descriptor 104

C-3 -- Program association table bandwidth usage (bps) 105

C-4 -- Program map table bandwidth usage (bps) 105

D-1 -- Remultiplexing strategy 113

E-1 -- PES packet header example 118

I-1 -- List of companies supplying patent statements 128