International telecommunication union



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1 Scope


This report explores the technology areas of study in network softwarization 6for resolving challenges for realizing IMT-2020 visions in order to identify a gap to be filled by ITU-T Study Group 13 (SG13) studies. It covers the non-radio parts 7of the IMT-2020 networks. In this document the terms ‘IMT-2020’ and ‘5G’ are used interchangeably.

2 References


The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published.

The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation.

[ITU-T Y.3001] Recommendation (2012) - Future networks: Objectives and design goals -http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3001-201105-I;

[ITU-T Y.3021] Recommendation (2012) - Framework of Energy Saving in Future Networks - http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3021-201201-I;

[ITU-T Y.3031] Recommendation (2012) - Identification framework in future networks - http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3031-201205-I;

[ITU-T Y.3011] Recommendation ITU-T Y.3011 (2012), Framework of network virtualization for future networks – http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3011-201201-I;

[ITU-T Y.3012] Recommendation ITU-T Y.3012 (2014), Requirements of network virtualization for future networks - https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3012;

[ITU-T Y.3300] Recommendation (2014) - Framework of software-defined networking - https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3300-201406-I;

[ITU-T Y.3500] Recommendation (2014) - Cloud computing – Overview and vocabulary- http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3500-201408-I;

[ITU-T Y.3510] Recommendation (2013) - Cloud computing infrastructure requirements – https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/rec/T-REC-Y.3510;

[ITU-T Y.3502] Recommendation (2014) - Cloud computing - Reference architecture –https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/rec/T-REC-Y.3502;

[ITU-T Y.3511] Recommendation (2014) - Framework of inter-cloud computing - https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3511;

[ITU-T Y.3512] Recommendation (2014) - Cloud computing - Functional requirements of Network as a Service - http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3512-201408-P;

[ITU-T Y.3513] Recommendation (2014) - Cloud computing - Functional requirements of Infrastructure as a Service - http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3513-201408-I ;

[ETSI NFV] ETSI ISG NFV, Network Functions Virtualisation, http://portal.etsi.org/portal/server.pt/community/NFV

[IETF RFC 3746] IETF RFC 3746 (2004), Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Framework.

[IETF RFC 7149] IETF RFC 7149 (2014), Software-Defined Networking: A Perspective from within a Service Provider Environment.

[IETF SFC] IETF Service Function Chaining (sfc) working group, http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/sfc/charter/

[ONF] Open Networking Foundation, "OpenFlow/Software-Defined Networking (SDN)," https://www.opennetworking.org/.

[SDN-WS Nakao] "Deeply Programmable Network", Emerging Technologies for Network Virtualization, and Software Defined Network (SDN), ITU-T Workshop on Software Defined Networking (SDN), http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and- Seminars/sdn/201306/Documents/KS-Aki_Nako_rev1.pdf.

[Programmable Networks - Galis]–”Programmable Networks for IP Service Deployment” ISBN 1-58053-745-6, pp450, June 2004, Artech House Books, http://www.artechhouse.com/International/Books/Programmable-Networks-for-IP-Service-Deployment-1017.aspx,

[Cloud Survey –Heilig] - “A Scientometric Analysis of Cloud Computing Literature”- a review of approx. 25,000 papers] - IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, Volume: PP, Issue: 99, 30 April 2014, ISSN: 2168-7161; DOI: 10.1109/TCC.2014.2321168

[Draft ETSI GS MEC 002 V0.4.2(2015-07)] Mobile-Edge Computing (MEC); Technical Requirements

[ETSI NFV MANO] Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Management and Orchestration- http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/NFV-MAN/001_099/001/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv-man001v010101p.pdf

[FG IMT-2020 WS 5GMF Nakao] – Akihiro Nakao, “Overview of network softwarization and adoption to 5G”, ITU-T Focus Group on IMT-2020, Pre-meeting workshop on network, softwarization, Turin, Italy, 21 September 2015

[FG IMT-2020 WS Galis] – Alex Galis, “Challenges in network softwarization”, ITU-T Focus Group on IMT-2020, Pre-meeting workshop on network softwarization, Turin, Italy, 21 September 2015

[FG IMT-2020 WS Manzalini] - Antonio Manzalini, Telecom Italia / IEEE SDN Committee: “R&D status of network softwarization”, ITU-T Focus Group on IMT-2020, Pre-meeting workshop on network softwarization, Turin, Italy, 21 September 2015

[FG IMT-2020 WS Wang] Yachen Wang, China Mobile: “Key technologies to support network softwarization”, ITU-T Focus Group on IMT-2020, Pre-meeting workshop on network softwarization, Turin, Italy, 21 September 2015

[FG IMT-2020 WS Tsuda] Toshitaka Tsuda, Waseda University: “CCN implementation by network softwarization”, ITU-T Focus Group on IMT-2020, Pre-meeting workshop on network softwarization, Turin, Italy, 21 September 2015

[ITU-R IMT Vision] ”Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond,” ITU-RDocument 5/199-E19 June 2015.


3 Terms defined in this report

3.1 Terms defined elsewhere


This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere:

3.1.1 future network (FN) [ITU-T Y.3001]: A network able to provide services, capabilities, and facilities difficult to provide using existing network technologies. A future network is either:

a) A new component network or an enhanced version of an existing one, or

b) A heterogeneous collection of new component networks or of new and existing component networks that is operated as a single network.

NOTE – The plural form "Future Networks" (FNs) is used to show that there may be more than one network that fits the definition of a future network.



3.1.2 network virtualization [ITU-T Y.3011]: A technology that enables the creation of logically isolated network partitions over shared physical networks so that heterogeneous collection of multiple virtual networks can simultaneously coexist over the shared networks. This includes the aggregation of multiple resources in a provider and appearing as a single resource

3.1.3 software-defined networking [ITU-T Y.3030]: A set of techniques that enables to directly program, orchestrate, control and manage network resources, which facilitates the design, delivery and operation of network services in a dynamic and scalable manner.

3.1.4 energy saving within networks [ITU-T Y.3021]: This is where network capabilities and their operations are set up in a way that allows the total energy for network equipment to be systematically used in an efficient manner, resulting in reduced energy consumption, compared with networks that lack these capabilities and operations.

NOTE – Network equipment includes routers, switches, equipment at the terminating point e.g., optical network units (ONUs), home gateways, and network servers such as load balancers and firewalls. Network equipment is typically composed of various components such as switching fabric, line cards, power supply, and cooling.



3.1.5 cloud service customer [ITU-T Y.3501]: A person or organization that consumes delivered cloud services within a contract with a cloud service provider.

3.1.6 cloud service provider [ITU-T Y.3501]: An organization that provides and maintains delivered cloud services.

3.1.7 management system [ITU-T M.60]: A system with the capability and authority to exercise control over and/or collect management information from another system.

3.1.8 device [ITU-T Y.3021]: This is the material element or assembly of such elements intended to perform a required function.

3.1.9 equipment ITU-T Y.3021]:A set of devices assembled together to form a physical entity to perform a specific task.

3.1.10 virtual resource [ITU-T Y.3011]: An abstraction of physical or logical resource, which may have different characteristics from the physical or logical resource and whose capability may not be bound to the capability of the physical or logical resource.

3.1.11 logical resource [ITU-T Y.3011]: An independently manageable partition of a physical resource, which inherits the same characteristics as the physical resource and whose capability is bound to the capability of the physical resource.

NOTE – "independently" means mutual exclusiveness among multiple partitions at the same level.



3.1.12 resource management [ITU-T Y.3520]:: The most efficient and effective way to access, control, manage, deploy, schedule and bind resources when they are provided by service providers and requested by customers.

3.1.13 hypervisor [ITU-T Y.3510]: A type of system software that allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host.

NOTE –Each operating system appears to have the host's processor, memory and other resources, all to itself



3.1.14 virtual machine [DMTF OVF]: The complete environment that supports the execution of guest software.

3.1.15 identifier [ITU-T Y.2091]: An identifier is a series of digits, characters and symbols or any other form of data used to identify subscriber(s), user(s), network element(s), function(s), network entity(ies) providing services/applications, or other entities (e.g., physical or logical objects).

3.1.16 locator (LOC) [ITU-T Y.2015]: A locator is the network layer topological name for an interface or a set of interfaces. LOCs are carried in the IP address fields as packets traverse the network.

NOTE – In this Recommendation, locators are also referred to as location IDs.



3.1.17 node ID [ITU-T Y.2015]: A node ID is an identifier used at the transport and higher layers to identify the node as well as the endpoint of a communication session. A node ID is independent of the node location as well as the network to which the node is attached so that the node ID is not required to change even when the node changes its network connectivity by physically moving or simply activating another interface. The node IDs should be used at the transport and higher layers for replacing the conventional use of IP addresses at these layers. A node may have more than one node ID in use.

NOTE – This Recommendation specifies a node ID structure.



3.1.18 name [ITU-T Y.2091]: A name is the identifier of an entity (e.g., subscriber, network element) that may be resolved/translated into address.

3.1.19 domain [ETSI NFV MANO]:

Administrative domain is a collection of systems and networks operated by a single organization or administrative authority. Infrastructure domain is an administrative domain that provides virtualised infrastructure resources such as compute, network, and storage or a composition of those resources via a service abstraction to another Administrative Domain, and is responsible for the management and orchestration of those resources.

NOTE1: Different networks and different parts of a network may be built as different domains using separate technologies or having different control paradigms,

NOTE2: Different networks and different parts of a network may be owned by a single administration creating an administrative domain. Services are enabled and managed over multiple administrations or over multi-domain single administration.

NOTE3: Multitenancy domain refers to set of physical and /or virtual resources in which a single instance of a software runs on a server and serves multiple tenants. A tenant is a group of users who share a common access with specific privileges to the software instance. A service or an application may be designed to provide every tenant a dedicated share of the instance including its data, configuration, user management, tenant individual functionality and non-functional properties.



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