The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
The procedures for establishment of focus groups are defined in Recommendation ITU-T A.7. The ITU-T Focus Group on Aviation Applications of Cloud Computing for Flight Data Monitoring – FG AC – was established by the ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (TSAG) in June 2014 and completed the work on its deliverables in December 2015. More information is available at http://itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ac/.
Deliverable 4 – Avionics and aviation communications systems 4
1.Executive summary 4
2.Background and context 4
3.Structure of the Report 5
4.Relationship with other FG AC working groups 5
5.Definitions 5
6.Real-time transmission 5
7.Assumptions 5
7.1Introduction 5
7.2Definition of "real-time data" 6
7.3Categories of "flight data" 6
8.Real-time data transmission performance 7
8.1Introduction 7
8.2Background 7
8.3Data streaming 8
8.4Bandwidth needs analysis for real-time flight data transmission and data link systems performance summary 8
8.4.1Bandwidth needs analysis for real-time flight data transmission 8
8.4.2Data link systems performance 9
8.5Conclusions 10
9.Ground-based systems and services infrastructure 11
9.1Current infrastructure 11
9.1.1Introduction 11
9.1.2Summary of ground-based infrastructure capabilities 11
9.1.3Flight data monitoring, flight tracking and alerting solutions and services 11
9.2Ground-based infrastructure 12
9.2.1Introduction 12
9.2.2System wide information management (SWIM) 12
9.2.3Flight data sharing programs 14
10.On-board infrastructure 15
10.1On-board information systems infrastructure 15
10.1.1Introduction 15
10.1.2High-level summary 15
10.1.3On-board information systems 15
10.1.4Aircraft flight data management and recording infrastructure 15
10.1.5Flight data concentrator and flight data recorder 16
10.1.6Real-time flight data analysis 16
10.1.7Auxiliary flight data recording 17
10.1.8Aircraft servers, Internet protocol (IP) data routing and airport surface data communications 17
10.1.9Other avionics and electronics systems 17
10.1.10 Conclusion 18
10.2On-board aircraft surveillance and tracking infrastructure 18
10.2.1Introduction 18
10.2.2ADS-B 19
10.2.3Future air navigation systems (FANS) 19
11.On-board data link infrastructure 19
11.1Current 19
11.1.1 Introduction 19
11.1.2On-board data link systems infrastructure – AIS domain/flight deck systems 20
11.1.3On-board data link systems infrastructure – PIES domain/cabin systems 22
11.1.4Data rates 22
11.1.5Conclusion – On-board data link infrastructure (Current) 23
11.2On-board data link infrastructure – Future 25
11.2.1Introduction 25
11.2.2Internet protocol suite and new links for future DataComm 25
11.2.3Iridium NEXT/Certus 25
11.2.4Conclusion – On-board data link infrastructure (Future) 26
12.Issues and limitations 26
12.1Introduction 26
12.2Future data stream solutions 26
12.3Data compression 26
12.4Cybersecurity 26
13.Recommendations and conclusions 27
13.1Recommendations 27
13.2Conclusions 27
14.Acronyms and abbreviations 29
15.References 32
Appendix 1: Summary of ground-based infrastructure capabilities 34
Appendix 2: ADS-B mandates 45
Appendix 3: Summary of data link systems profiles and performance 46
Appendix 4: Analysis of global bandwidth and cloud storage required to support black box streaming 46
Appendix 5: WG4 composition 47