25 | P age b torture under its Article 7 become part of the law of the land as the country ratified/acceded to the convention on 11 June 1993. 108 2.4.2. Post 1994 Laws The FDRE Constitution (which is currently in force, the supreme law in domestic legal system of Ethiopia, devoted one third of its provisions for guaranteeing and ensuring human rights of individual living in the territory of Ethiopia. 110 The Constitution is adopted in 1994 at the time when the country has already becomes member parties to several international and regional human rights instruments. 111 Besides, the Constitution widened the scope of application of those rights by making reference, for its interpretation, to international human rights laws to which Ethiopia is a party. 112 The FDRE Constitution under its Chapter Three provides human and democratic rights. Among the fundamental human rights it guarantees, treatments of personas human during the enforcement of law is important to this paper. Mainly Article 18 of the Constitution stipulates that no one shall be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 113 This provision is different from Article 57 of the 1955 constitution in that it adds the term degrading and punishment which widened the scope of the protection from ill-treatment in that any cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment is not acceptable, which were not clearly provided in the 1955 constitution. However, both Constitutions do not mentioned the term torture clearly and this also may invite a criticism and debate on the prohibition of torture under the FDRE Constitution. The writer of the paper criticizes the drafter of the Constitution for their poor drafting work. Because, as it has been mentioned above during the drafting and deliberation stage there were several international and regional human rights instruments which Ethiopia ratified/acceded to be bound by them. At least it was possible to copy paste the provision of UDHR. The lack of due diligence In addition Ethiopia accessed to the four Geneva conventions in 2 October, 1969. Thus Geneva conventions are also parts of the law of the land. 109 FDRE constitution, Art. 9/1. ibid Arts Drafting Committee of Constitution, 1 st -50 th ordinary meeting minutes (Feb, 1993- Jan, 1994), Vol. 1, specially 48 th meeting minutes, available at < www.absinilaw.com > (accessed on 6 May 2019) 112 FDRE Constitution Art. 13/2. ibid Art. 18 (1) (Emphasis added.
