joint wto world bank symposium on the movement of natural persons (mode 4) under the gats
Business visitors (short stay - up to 3 months)
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Business visitors (short stay - up to 3 months)According to more recent figures from DIMIA, of total visitor arrivals in 1999-2000 (3 372 565), business visitors accounted for the second largest group at 353 126 arrivals (tourists were by far the largest group at 3 015 822 arrivals). Of total visitors present in Australia as at 30 June 2000 (198 178), 16 157 were business visitors [DIMIA 2001b]. The breakdown of business visitors by citizenship is at Table 3. Table 3: Country breakdown of business visitors
Source: DIMIA, 2001b. Temporary ResidentsTable 4: Temporary Resident visa grants (on- and off-shore)
Source: DIMIA, 2001a. Table 4 illustrates that there have been steady increases in all categories of temporary resident over the last 5 years. Other sources [Hugo, 2002] cite slightly different figures. These figures are also sourced from DIMIA, and differences are perhaps attributable to differences in definition of various groups. Notwithstanding the different total, these figures are included below as they include a breakdown of temporary business entrants by skill level. Table 5 indicates that temporary business residents are predominantly in the higher skill levels. It also includes a breakdown for Working Holiday Makers (WHM) illustrating the difficult of categorising this group for mode 4 purposes - for example, WHM are also well represented at the higher and intermediate skill levels, although to a lesser extent. Table 5 also indicates a further difficulty - the number of "not stated" responses (data in Table 5 was derived from passenger departure and arrival cards). This perhaps also accounts for the surprising number of "not in workforce" responses for temporary business entrants. Table 5: Temporary entrants with right to work by occupation 1999-2000
Source: Hugo, 2002 (citing unpublished data supplied by DIMIA) Specific figures, including skill breakdown and with country of origin, are also provided for specific groups of interest for mode 4. In 1999-2000, a total of 35 006 temporary resident business visas were granted, an increase of 5.5% over 1998-99. Breakdown of professions was: professionals 43%; associate professionals 24%; managers/administrators 24%; trades and related workers 4%; other 5%. Of these, the top 5 occupations were: computing professionals 12.6%; self-employed 10.4%; general managers 8.3%; accountants 5.2% and chefs 4.4%. Main countries of origin were: United Kingdom 23%; United States 10%; India 8%; South Africa 7%; Japan 6%; China 4%; Canada 3%, Ireland 3%, Indonesia 3% and France 2% [Hugo, 2001]. In 1999-2000 2 515 medical practitioner visas were issued to 1 419 applicants and 1096 dependents. Main countries of origin were: South Africa 19%; Indonesia 15%, United Kingdom 14%, China 8%; Singapore 6%; Hong Kong China 3%; Chinese Taipei 3%; United States 3%; Malaysia 2% and Germany 2% [Hugo 2001]. 1 700 educational visas were issued in 1999-2000 [Hugo 2001]. In 1999-2000, 3 937 independent executive visas were granted. Main countries of origin were: South Africa 19%; Indonesia 15%; United Kingdom 14%; China 8%; Singapore 6%; Hong Kong China 3%; Chinese Taipei 3%; United States 3%; Malaysia 3% and Germany 3% [Hugo 2001]. ANNEX II: AUSTRALIA'S GATS COMMITMENTS Australia has made horizontal commitments on mode 4, which are reproduced below:
REFERENCES APEC Business Travel Handbook: Australia - Short-term Business visit (available at www.apecsec.org.sg/travbook) APEC Business Travel Handbook: Australia - Temporary Business Residence (available at www.apecsec.org.sg/travbook) Department of Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA) (2001) Fact Sheet 48: Assisting Skilled and Business People, 29 August 2001. (available at www.dimia.gov.au) DIMIA (2001a) Fact Sheet 47: Temporary Residence in Australia, 2 December 2001. (available at www.dimia.gov.au) DIMIA (2001b) DIMA Statistical Report: Temporary Entrants 1999-2000, Statistics Section, release date February 2001. DIMIA (2002) Independent Executive, 8 March 2002. (available at www.dimia.gov.au) DIMIA (2002a) Sponsoring a temporary overseas employee to Australia, publication 1154, 2002 (available at www.dimia.gov.au). HUGO, G. (2002) "Migration policies designed to facilitate the recruitment of skilled workers in Australia", in International Mobility of the Highly Skilled, OECD, Paris. KARSENTY, G. (2000) "Assessing trade in services by mode of supply", in Pierre Sauvé and Robert Stern (eds) GATS 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalisation, the Brookings Institution, Washington DC. World Trade Organization (WTO) (1995) Trade in Services, Schedule of Specific Commitments: Australia: Supplement 2, GATS/SC/6/Suppl.2, dated 28 July 1995. WTO (1998) Council for Trade in Services, "Presence of Natural Persons (Mode 4): Background Note by the Secretariat", S/C/W/75, dated 8 December 1998. 1 Throughout this paper, "Australian" refers to both citizens and permanent residents unless otherwise specified. 2 Skilled Labour: Gains and Losses, Bob Birrell, July 2001. 3 The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Germany, Malta, Hong Kong China, Sweden, Denmark and Norway. 4 Travellers holding the following passports are eligible for ETAs: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Brunei, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong China, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Vatican City. 5 Participating APEC economies are: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong China, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, the Philippines and Thailand. 6 These include Finland, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom. 7DIMIA may require sponsors to provide monitoring information and may conduct site visits. 8 Positions not meeting the skill or salary threshold but for which there might be a shortage might be addressed under Labour Agreements. 9 These include: Generalist and Specialist Managers; Science, Building and Engineering Professionals and Related Associate Professionals; Business and Information, Health, Education and Social, Arts and Miscellaneous Professionals; Business and Administration, Health and Welfare and other Associate Professionals; Managing Supervisors (Sales and Service); Mechanical and Fabrication Engineering, Automotive, Electrical and Electronic, Construction and Food Tradespersons; Skilled Agricultural and Horticultural workers; other Tradespersons and Related workers. These categories are broken down into further, more detailed occupations. 10 This was in recognition of the fact that such visa holders were legitimately on business and needed more time to be eligible to apply for permanent residence. Independent Executive entrants who have started businesses in Australia often later apply for permanent residence on the basis of that business under the Established Business in Australia (EBA) or Regional Established Business in Australia (REBA) categories. The DIMIA website notes that such applications are welcome, but that permanent residence is not automatic. 11 Excluding Hong Kong China and Chinese Taipei Download 157.22 Kb. Share with your friends:
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