L lábán, Rudolf



Download 0.69 Mb.
Page17/21
Date18.10.2016
Size0.69 Mb.
#1867
1   ...   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21

Lóczy, Lajos Jr (Louis) (Budapest, 5 June 1891 - Rio de Janeiro, 9 June 1980) – Geologist. Son of Lajos (Louis) Lóczy Sr. He studied in Zürich, where he obtained his Doctorate in 1914. He was a demonstrator at the Geology Department of the University of Budapest in 1916, and Honorary Lecturer in Tectonics in 1919. He became a professor at the University of Economics in 1925, and from 1932 to 1948 he was Director of the Geological Institute. From 1920 to 1961 he also worked in 17 different countries as an expert advisor. He permanently settled in Brazil in 1961. He was a visiting professor in Teheran and Rio de Janeiro in the 1960s. He was a specialist advisor at the Geological Institute of Rio de Janeiro (1965-1968), and later became Professor of Geotectonics at the Federal University until his retirement at the end of 1973, although he continued working for some time as an expert advisor. His research work in Hungary started with exploring the Paleontology and Geology of the Villány Mountain, and then from the 1930s, hydrocarbon research was the center of his interest that resulted in some successful oil-field development in a number of areas. During the last two decades of his life, he studied fissil materials. Adjunct to his body of earlier work, his study of large-scale structures stands out. It led to the assessment of the origin of Gondwanaland and the Atlantic Ocean and the assumption of the enrichment of certain elements along large-scale faults led to the discoveries of enormous one-bodies. He published more than 90 papers and studies. – B: 0883, 1741, T: 7456.→Lóczy, Lajos Sr.

Lóczy Peak (Nepal, Lhotse, Lhoce) – Glaciated mountain peak in the Himalayas, the fourth highest point on Earth. Sven Hedin (1865-1952), the Swedish explorer and prolific writer, stated in a lecture given at the Hungarian Geographical Society, Budapest, that Lóczy’s earlier findings were acceptable in every respect, and announced that he named the 27,923 ft high massive mountain peak in the vicinity of Mt. Everest, Lóczy Peak, in his honor. According to Indian sources Lhotse means Southern Peak in the Tibetan language, thus intimating that the peak is south of Qomolongma (Mt. Everest). During his life Hedin visited Budapest three times. – B: 1288, 1153, T: 7456.→Lóczy, Lajos Sr.
Lodomér (Lodomér) (early 13th century - January 1298) – Archbishop, Canon of Veszprém. He is a descendant of the Monoszló family. From 1264 he was Chancellor of István (Stephen) V, Junior King. Between 1268 and 1279 he was Bishop of Várad (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania). Unexpectedly, Pope Nicholas III invested him Archbishop of Esztergom. He was a renowned statesman. He had a long controversy with King László IV, (Ladislas the Kun, 1272-1290), whom he excommunicated and later absolved. He presided over a synod in Esztergom in 1288. After the death of King László IV, he quickly brought András incognito from Vienna to Buda, had him elected King, and crowned him at Székesfehérvár on 23 July 1290. He became the main supporter of King András III (Andrew 1290-1301) and defended him against Rome. – B: 0945, T: 7103.→István V, King; László IV, King; András III, King.
Lodomeria, Poland – Located along the River Bug in today’s Volhinia. Lodomeria, an independent state around 888, A.D., surrendered to the Magyars arriving from Kiev. Around 1025 it came under Russian influence and only regained its independence in the 12th century, when it was unified with Halics. Hungarian King András II (Andrew, 1205-1235), who later claimed the title “King of Lodomeria” for himself, placed Daniel, the son of its ruler on the throne under Hungarian authority in 1206. Between 1214 and 1219, through the Hungarian Prince Kálmán (Coloman), and between 1370 and 1382, through Hungarian King Lajos I, (Louis the Great, 1342-1382) Lodomeria came under Hungarian influence again. In 1390 it was taken over by Poland and remained under Polish control until the first partition of Poland in 1772. In the same year Empress Maria Theresa (1740-1780), based on the historical rights of the Hungarian Crown, reclaimed it, but put it under Austrian authority. – B: 0942, 1153, T: 7665.→András II, King; Lajos I, King; Mária Terézia, Empress and Queen.

Loew, Károly Frigyes (Charles, Frederick), (Löw) (Sopron, 20 March 1699 - Sopron, 4 November 1741) – Physician, botanist. His medical studies started under János (John) Windisch in Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia), where he also studied botany. From 1717 to 1721 he studied at the School of Medicine of the University of Jena, where he obtained his Degree in Medicine. For a year he practiced medicine in Sopron and then, between 1722 and 1738, he was Army Physician, and later Court Physician in Vienna. Following his return to Sopron, besides practicing medicine, he was engaged in flora research. From 1739 he wanted a team of colleagues each to cover the flora of one county and to compile a national botanical collection, the Flora Pannonica; but only one work was realized. It was the one that Loew wrote, together with Deccard, called the Flora Pannonica seu Soproniensis, only in manuscript form that lists 1098 plants. For his work, he was elected a member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. His works include De morbo petechiali, qui anno 1683… (1730), and Epistola ad celeberrimos omnium regium botanicos (1739). – B: 1730, 0883, 0907, T: 7456.

Lófő – (Horse’s head) – Head of a Transylvanian clan, of four branches (ágszáz), Lord of the clan’s counties. Later it became a rank of the Szekler nobility, meaning Szekler nobleman; second rank of the Szekler nobility in the Middle and New Ages who had to go to fight wars on his own horse. They amassed important fortunes during the 15-16th centuries. In time the rank of lófő and ágszáz merged into one. In the period of feudalism, their social structure disintegrated, they became serfs, and lost all their wealth in the 18th century. At the center of their crest is the Sun with a four-branched rosette. There are four bundles of rays at the outline of the emblem denoting the four lords of ágszáz. There are also half-circle mounds on the crest’s stems with a decoration of slanted lines underneath. Sometimes there are serfs (master of the branches) or flagged halberd (bannerette) over the center sun. This seems to reinforce the ranks of branches. – B: 0942, 1231, T: 3240. →Szeklers.
Log Wall – A wall made of horizontally positioned logs or beams joined by notches and pins. Perfectly fitted, gap-free walls were erected from good quality materials. This method of construction has been practised in the Carpathian Basin since prehistoric times. Hungarians used log walls already before settling down in present Hungary and continued to use them throughout the Middle Ages for the construction of fortresses, churches and manor houses. In wooded regions building of log houses is still common today. – B: 1134, T: 7663.
Lőkkös, Antal (Anthony) (Gór, 20 October 1928 - ) – Poet, writer, librarian. He studied Theology and Philosophy at Pannonhalma. From 1954 he studied Hungarian Linguistics and Literature in an evening course at the University of Budapest. Before that, from 1952 to 1954, he worked as a railway-track repairman in Balatonkenese, and in the shunting yard of District IX (Ferencváros) of Budapest. After the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight, he emigrated to the West, and settled in Switzerland. He earned a Degree, majoring in Latin, French and Hungarian from the University of Geneva. Later, he worked as a clerk for the International Public Education Office; then acted as a science correspondent for the University Library in Geneva, where he also gave lectures at the College of Librarianship. He wrote studies in French, dealing with the history of the Geneva Library, published in Swiss scientific journals. His short stories, parodies, critiques and reviews were written in Hungarian and published in the papers New Horizon (Új Látóhatár); Catholic Review (Katolikus Szemle); Literary Journal (Irodalmi Újság), and National Guard (Nemzetőr). His works include Lost Creeks (Elveszett patakok) poem (1960); Ballads, Songs (Balladák-Énekek) poems (1967), and Les incunables de la Bibliothèque de Genève (1982). – B: 1672, T: 7456.
Lomb, Kató (Kate, born: Szilárd) (Pécs, 8 February 1909 - Budapest, 9 June 2003) – Interpreter, translator, linguistic genius. She was raised in Pécs, went to the University there and studied Physics and Chemistry, and earned a Ph.D. But her interest soon led her to languages. During the Soviet siege of Budapest, from 24 December 1944 to 13 February 1945, she learned Russian. She soon acquired such an excellent command of Russian that, for a while, she served as the translator for the Russian Commander for Budapest. Her language learning increased, and finally she earned money with sixteen languages: Bulgarian, Chinese, Danish, English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish and Ukrainian. She learned these languages mostly as an autodidact. Through her books, she shared her learning method, including This is How I Learn Languages…(Így tanulok nyelveket…) (1970, 1972, 1990, 1995); An Interpreter Around the World (Egy tolmács a világ körül) (1979); Languages remind me... (Nyelvekről jut eszembe...) (1983), and Harmony of Babel…(Bábeli harmónia…) (1988). Her books also appeared in many translations. She was one of the first simultaneous interpreters of the world. : B: 1031, T: 7103.
Long-playing record – A long-playing (LP) record has much more densely spaced micro-grooves compared to the older standard records. The preheated raw material, placed between the press-moulds (in contrast with standard records), receives various different fillers with a vinyl base. It takes less space and its playtime is considerably longer than that of standard records. They have been manufactured since 1947 in three sizes: with diameters 7, 10 and 12 inches (170, 250 and 300 mm respectively) and with two speeds: 45 and 33 rotations/minute. Its playtime is about 5.5, 15, 22-26 and maximum 30 minutes respectively. The invention of Péter Károly (Peter Carl) Goldmark perfected this type of record. It was introduced in 1948. – B: 1138, T: 7456.→ Goldmark, Péter Károly.

Lontay, Margit (Margaret) (Lencse) (Hódmezővásárhely, 27 July 1918 - Budapest, 11 January 1993) – Actress. She finished her studies at the Academy of Dramatic Art, Budapest, in 1938. From 1938 to 1939 she did acting with strolling companies in the countryside. From 1939 to 1949 she played in Szeged; from 1949 to 1953 at the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház) of Pécs; between 1953 and 1960 she worked again at the National Theater, Szeged. From 1960 to 1976 she was a member of the Csokonai Theater (Csokonai Színház), Debrecen. From 1976 until her retirement in 1982, she worked at the Madách Theater (Madách Színház), Budapest. In her career, she played tragic heroines and appeared in character roles. Her roles, among others, were Gertrudis in Katona’s Bánk bán; Goneril in Shakespeare’s King Lear (Lear király); Margaret in Shakespeare’s Richard III; Nurse in Romeo and Juliet; Rebeka in: Magda Szabó’s An Old-fashioned Story (Régimódi történet), and Orbánné in Örkény’s Cat’s Play (Macskajáték). She had some 13-feature films to her credit, among them: Trial-road (Próbaút) (1961); Woman at the Colony (Asszony a telepen) (1963); The Plague (A járvány) (1976); Csontváry (1980), and the Three Sisters (A három nővér) (1991). Among her TV films are Black Rose (Fekete rózsa) (1980); For Ever and Ever (Örökkön örökké) (1984), and We Never Die (Sose halunk meg) (1993). She received the Mari Jászai Prize (1957) and the Artist of Merit title (1976). – B: 1445, 1719, 1031, T: 7456.
Lontay-Rajner, László (Ladislas) (Rimaszombat, now Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia, 6 May 1911 - Budapest, 25 May 1987) – Opera singer (baritone). He studied music in Rimaszombat under Kálmán (Coloman) Lackner, and in Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia), under Oszkar (Oscar) Nedbal. From 1936 to 1939 he was a singer in the Opera Company of the National Theater of Pozsony. He sang baritone and bass-baritone parts in Mozart’s Magic Flute, in Verdi’s Luisa Miller, and in Millöcker’s Beggar Student. From 1939 to 1971 he was a member of the Budapest Opera House’s choir; and beside choir work, he had smaller roles as well. He was an excellent oratorio recitalist. He also wrote lyrics for songs and sung Hungarian songs with great success. – B: 0883, 1160, T: 7456.
Lónyay, Count Menyhért (Melchior) (Nagylónya, now Lónya, near Záhony, 6 January 1822 - Budapest, 3 November 1884) – Politician, political writer, financial specialist. He was a descendant of an ancient noble family from County Bereg (now in Carpatho-Ukraine). He studied Art, Law and Economics and, in 1839, he obtained a Ph.D. in Art. He took up a political career after a long study trip abroad. As the owner of a large estate, he became County Bereg’s deputy at the Diet of 1843. He stood near the centralist group of József (Joseph) Eötvös. In the Reform struggle for the transformation of the country, he sided with the Liberal opposition’s right wing, leaning to an agreement with the Conservatives. In the Parliament of 1848 he was the right-wing representative of County Bereg. In September 1848 he was adviser to the Minister of Finance, then Financial Under-Secretary of State in the Szemere Cabinet. His exile after the collapse of the War of Independence of 1848-1849 from Austrian rule did not last long. In 1850 he returned and joined in the economic life. He was one of the founders and President of the Land Bank. He was co-editor for the journal, Budapest Review (Budapesti Szemle) with Antal (Anthony) Csengery. Prior to the Compromise (1867), he was a correspondent for the Political Weekly (Political Hetilap, of Baron József (Joseph) Eötvös, and became the financial adviser of Ferenc (Francis) Deák and Count Gyula (Julius) Andrássy. From 20 February 1867 to 21 May 1870 he was Minister of Finance in the Andrássy Cabinet. In 1870 and 1871 he was Minister of Finance jointly with Austria. From 14 November 1871 to 4 December 1872 he was Prime Minister and also Minister of Defense, and received his title of Count. The opposition sharply criticized his financial policy and even his personal integrity, whereupon he resigned. From 1861, he was Vice-President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; from 1871 until his death its President (corresponding member from 1858, honorary member from 1861). His works include History of the Regulation of the River Tisza (A Tiszaszabályozás története) (1860); On the State Property, vols. i-ii (Az államvagyonról, I-II) (1869), and On Our Public Affairs, vols.i-ii (Közügyeinkről, I-II) (1873-1875). – B: 0883, 1068, T: 7456.→Deák, Ferenc; Andrássy, Count Gyula; Eötvös, Baron József; Szemere, Bertalan.
Loop (sling) – In popular beliefs “binding” and “loosing” belong to the realm of magic powers. According to this belief, a person can “bind” a man’s or an animal’s bodily or mental functions, i.e. can make them sick or, by “loos­ing”, can heal them. In the ancient Persian Pantheon, Varuna, the controller of weather was “the Lord of Binding” and he was pictured with a rope sling. In Greek mythology Aeolus, the King of the Winds was his counterpart. Binding and loosing are symbolic actions. As the expressions go “his hands are tied” and “his tongue was loosened”. These originated however, by actual binding by the snare of the hunter, the tying of the prisoner, the noose of a rope on the gallows. The loop has – in general – a sinister association: captivity, symbol of unmerited death. Binding is at the same time a symbol of uniting and unity: bond, obligation, matrimony, etc. The power of an end­less loop is that it is insoluble, cannot be disentangled. If it is cut, it loses its power. An example for this is the Gordian knot. By cutting it, Alexander the Great magically acquired world power. Christianity adopted the symbol of the rope sling. In Christian iconography the cord belt of monks recalls Christ bound with a rope. It be­came a symbolic instrument of self-torture. On the rope belt of Franciscans the three slings express the three obligations of chastity, poverty and obedience. – B: 0942, T: 7677.
Lorán, Lenke (Győr, 1 May 1927 - ) – Actress. She studied at Margaret Makay’s Studio. From 1943 to 1945 she was a member of the Operetta Theater (Operett Színház), Budapest. From 1945 to 1966 she was a member of the Artist Theater (Művész Színház), the Merry Theater (Vídám Színház), the Hungarian People’s Army Theater (A Magyar Néphadsereg Színháza), and the Petőfi Theater (Petőfi Színház). From 1966 she acted on the stage of the Merry Theater. Explosive temperament and high-spirited comic playing in a powerful style characterize her stage appearances. Beside her comic roles, she also created something lasting in more serious character roles. She appeared in several feature films and TV plays. Her roles include Zsizsi in B. Gábor’s Drunken Night (Részeg éjszaka); Peacockné (Polly Peachum) in Brecht–Weill’s The Threepenny Opera (Die Dreigroschenoper, based on John Gay's 1727 Beggar's Opera (Koldusopera); Ritka Panna in Jókai’s The Poor Rich (A szegény gazdagok); Miss Finigale in K. Aszlányi - F Karinthy’s The Seven Slaps (A hét pofon); Roticsné in F. Molnár’s The Glass Slipper (Üvegcipő); Koltayné in A. Gábor’s The Dollar Dad (Dollárpapa), and Mrs. Pogson in Maugham – G. Nádas – I. Szenes’ Love and Beauty (Imádok férjhezmenni). There are 33 feature and TV films to her credit, among them: Mirage in all Quantity (Délibáb minden mennyiségben) (1962); Jaguár (1967); “Next Please” (“Kérem a következőt”) (1974); Seven Tons of Dollar (Hét tonna dollár) (1974); Believe Me (Higyjetek nekem) (1984), and Prankish (Huncut) (2003). She received the Mari Jászai Prize (1968), the Knight Cross of Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2003), the Officer Cross of Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2007), and Life Member of the Society of Immortals (2010) – B: 1445, 1439, 1719, 1031, T: 7456.

Lorandite (TlAsS2) – rare mineral of Tallium (T1), red, tabular. József Sándor (Joseph Alexander) Krenner, who named it after Baron Loránd (Roland) Eötvös, the renowned physicist discovered it. – B: 0883, 1138, T: 7674.→Eötvös, Baron Loránd.
Lóránt, Gyula (Julius) (Lipovics) (Kőszeg, 6 February 1923 - Salonika, Greece, 31 May 1981) – Soccer player, trainer. He played with the Nagyvárad (now Oradea, Romania) Athletic Club (NAC) (1943-1945), the Flacara Rosie Arad (now in Romania) (1946), the Hungarian Vasas (1947-1949), the Budapest Honvéd (center-half) (1950-1956). He was a member of the Hungarian Olympic Champion Team in Helsinki (1952); a member of the World Cup, 2nd placed Hungarian team in the Switzerland (1954). In the so-called London “Match of the Century” (1953), he was part of the Hungarian team that defeated the English selected team, 6:3. He was four-time Hungarian champion between 1943 and 1955, and also Romanian champion (1946-1947). From 1948 to 1955, he was in the Hungarian National Team 42 times. From 1963 to 1981, he was a trainer in West Germany, trainer of Cologne FC, the Bayern Munich and the Schalke 04. He was Freeman of Kőszeg. He was buried in Endingen, West Germany, but for the request of his family his ashes were brought back to Hungary and reburied in Kőszeg in 2011. He was promoted major posthumously. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456.→Golden Team; Bozsik, József, Buzánszky, Jenő; Czibor, Zoltán, Grosics, Gyula; Kocsis, Sándor; Puskás, Ferenc.
Lóránt, Károly (Charles) (Budapest, 20 September 1942 - ) – Electrical engineer, economist. He completed his Electrical Engineering course at the Budapest Polytechnic (1961-1966), and later an Economics course at the University of Economics (1968-1970). He worked as a development engineer for the Electromechanical Company from 1966 to 1970, and at the National Market Research Institute (1970-1972). During the years 1970-1990 he was correspondent for the National Planning Board (1985-1990), head of the Long-term Development Section. From 1990 he was Section Head of the Economic Policy Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance. From 1991 he was a correspondent and Section Head of the Economic Analytical and Informative Institute (ECOSTAT); member of the Future-Research Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; member of the Hungarian Economic Society, Secretary of the Economic Developmental Section, also member of the National Democratic Association. Since 2003 he has been Economic Specialist for the European Parliament. He was engaged in the supervision of the economic and social influence of the World Bank loans and of the alternative possibilities of the European Cooperation and Economic Policy. He is one of the editors of the bimonthly magazine called EUWatch, launched by the Independence and Democracy Organization; his articles and studies are published in various papers and journals. – B: 0874, 1930, T: 7456.
Lorant, Stefan (István Lóránt) (Budapest, 22 February 1901 - USA, 14 November 1997) – Photographer, filmmaker, journalist. His father directed the largest Photographic Studio in Budapest, named Erdélyi. He attended the Evangelical (Lutheran) High School, Budapest, and studied at the University of Economics. In 1914 he started publishing his photos in Budapest newspapers and magazines. Following the end of World War I, he first went to Czechoslovakia, then to Vienna, and worked as a still photographer for a Hungarian filmmaker. At the age of 19, he was already known as a leading cameraman in Europe due to his first film, The Life of Mozart. Over the next few years he developed his skills as a scriptwriter and made a total of 14 films. While working in Berlin in 1921 a young woman approached him and asked for a screen test. He turned her down rudely saying that she had no gift for the movies. She turned out to be Marlene Dietrich. In 1928 he was Chief Editor of a Munich weekly, responsible for making the Münchener Illustrierte Presse, the first modern photojournalistic paper in Europe. With the Nazi invasion of Bavaria in 1933, his political commentaries enraged Hitler, who ordered him taken into protective custody and he was imprisoned for nearly a year without being charged. The Hungarian Government came to his rescue and he was released and began editing a paper in Budapest. Based on his prison experience he wrote I Was Hitler’s Prisoner, took the manuscript to London in 1934, and published it the following year. He began photojournalism in England and soon became Editor for the Odham’s Weekly Illustrated, the first popular illustrated paper in England, and a model for American picture magazines such as Life and Look. Later he started a successful pocket magazine Lilliput, and the influential illustrated news magazine Picture Post. He met Winston Churchill, and wrote articles about him in the Picture Post. Churchill also contributed articles and, in 1939, he suggested that he devote a special issue on the United States. Lorant went to America and, on his return to London, he published a 160-page Issue on America. From 1940 he lived in New York, wrote articles in the New York Times, Life, Look, and Saturday Evening Post. From 1959 to 1961 he studied at Harvard University. He authored several books between 1928 and 1941; among them the most successful one was I Was Hitler’s Prisoner. His other works include The World (1946); F. D. Roosevelt, A Pictorial Biography (1950); The Life of Abraham Lincoln (1954); Sieg Heil! An Illustrated History from Bismarck to Hitler (1974), and My Life in England (1984). His other publications were The Glorious Burden, about the American presidency, The New World, with illustrated biographies of American Presidents, and Pittsburgh: The Story of an American City. – B: 1081, 1672, T: 7456.→Churchill, Sir Winston; Roosevelt, Franklin Delano; Hitler, Adolf.

Download 0.69 Mb.

Share with your friends:
1   ...   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21



The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message
    Main page
northern part
scientific study
title role
last years
annual reports
medical school
opera house
mediterranean theater