Lanner Neighbourhood Plan 2016 – 2033 Pre-Submission Draft for Consultation Foreword

15.2 Notwithstanding the generality of 14.1, particular regard shall be had to the principles and requirements in Policy Six below.

16. 
    Environment, Rural Landscape and Biodiversity
    

16.2 A much smaller part, being the east of the parish, is contained within the Camborne, Redruth and Gwennap Landscape Area. The description, as applicable to Lanner, is not dissimilar to that described in 16.1 above. It presents a rolling landscape with many visible mining relics, including old engine houses and revegetating spoil heaps with remnant surviving or developing woodland, heath or wetland. The pastoral landscape is of improved and rough grazing with extensive areas of rough land. There is a strong field pattern enclosing small-medium scale fields and narrow lanes.

3. 
   Members of the Lanner community have worked together, under the guidance of Cornwall Council Landscape Architect Kath Statham, to produce a Local Landscape Character Assessment (LLCA) to inform and support this Plan. The resulting Assessment Map is annexed to this Plan.
   
4. 
   The LLCA identifies a range of potential pressures for change which could impact on the landscape and makes recommendations as to how the effects of change might be managed or mitigated. This Plan endorses those recommendations which are highlighted in Appendix Four below.
   

3. 
   The Lanner landscape is dominated by
   

• 
  Carn Marth (771 feet – 235 metres) which rises above the village to the north and by
  
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  the slopes of Tresavean to the south which rise to a plateau of Grade 3 and 3a farmland and scattered areas of old mine waste and scrub.
  
• 
  The steep slopes rising around the head of the valley to the west which link Carn Marth to Tresavean.
  

16.5 A further landscape consideration is the presence of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site (WHS). This is referred to in section 17 below. Only very small areas of the parish actually lay within the WHS but its Management Plan Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) confers significance on Lanner’s landscape as part of the Site’s setting. To quote the SPD (para. 5.1): “The concept of the ‘setting’ of the WHS is an important one. It can be defined as the physical and cultural context in which the inscribed Areas lie. The setting of the Site requires protection because it affects the way that the Site is viewed and perceived in its surrounding landscape. The Nomination Document for the WHS states that ‘The setting of the Site includes the physical monuments and landscape components which provide additional historical context, and a physical space in which events could affect the visual appreciation of these elements.”

16.6 Residents and visitors clearly value the rural nature, open views, varied habitat, and biodiversity of the Plan area. Biodiversity describes the variety of life and is the key environment strand within the concept of sustainability. Maintaining biodiversity requires conserving, and where possible enhancing, important areas for species and habitats. Appended to this Plan are the results of some surveys of flora and fauna carried out within the parish which, while not exhaustive, provide an indication of the indigenous species. These lists will be added to as research reveals more.

16.7 The extensive mining industry seriously depleted trees from the landscape and today relatively few are evident. There are six clusters of Tree Preservation Orders in the parish: at the Coppice Inn (2 Lime, 1 Beech, 1 Rhododendron, 1 Sycamore, 1 davidia involucrata “handkerchief tree”): at Greenfields, The Close (Copper Beech, Sycamore, Beech): at Murton’s Terrace (an unspecified number and type); land adjoining Chi Hallow, Bell Veor (6 Ash, 2 Holly, 1 Hawthorn, 15 Sycamore); 30-34 Strawberry Fields (1 Elm); and Treviskey (5 Oak, 7 Sycamore and 5 Holly).

1. 
   Conserve the rural and semi-rural nature of the plan area.
   

2. 
   Maximize biodiversity for environmental, amenity and economic reasons within the constraints of a largely agricultural landscape.
   

3. 
   Protect and enhance existing valuable habitat, consistent with the constraints of landscape, amenity and the economic activities of the plan area. (Valuable habitat is defined as existing mature habitat that supports high biodiversity.)
   

4. 
   Create new high value habitats where possible and appropriate.
   

5. 
   Manage all such habitats so that biodiversity, amenity and economic value is optimised
   

16. 
    Historic Landscape and Heritage
    

Many features of industrial archaeology survive including Tresavean’s arsenic flues and the remains of Tresavean Stamps engine house (the only surviving structure of some 13 engine houses on the Tresavean sett).

The site of the old Tresavean Mine, extending to some 11 hectares, is owned by Cornwall Council and is shown coloured yellow on Plan below. This land was compulsorily acquired for “public access” in 1986. All exposed mineshafts on the site were capped and there are no known hazards on the land. It is maintained by Cornwall Council to Service Level 1/Level 2 only which is to provide minimal or basic maintenance to comply with statutory responsibilities, and ensure accessibility and visitor safety⁸.

POLICY TWELVE: Encouragement should be given to increase maintenance standards to Service Level 3 (conserve important landscape, habitats and features and improve visitor experience) and eventually to Service Level 4 (long term site enhancement to minimise negative environmental impact) on the old Tresavean Mine site reflecting the aims and standards in Cornwall’s Environmental Growth Strategy 2015 – 2065.

POLICY THIRTEEN: The landscape and its historic features on the south and west slopes rising from Lanner village to Tresavean and encompassing the skyline parallel to the Mineral Tramway should be afforded the same sense of value and degree of protection that Carn Marth and the northern slopes from the village receive.

17.2 On the other side of the valley from Tresavean is Carn Marth, AGLV, where the engine house and Count House of Pennance Consuls mine (formerly Wheal Amelia) are to be found. Further up the Carn is the old Harvey’s Quarry where Holmans engineering company tested pneumatic drills which were then sent out to mines across the world. Also on the Carn is Hicks’ Quarry which produced much of the granite for Redruth’s Victorian houses. The quarry is now an open-air amphitheatre owned and managed by the Carn Marth Trust.

17.3 With its profound mining history and significant (world) impact on the development of that industry, it is perhaps surprising that the whole of the parish - particularly Tresavean and Carn Marth – are not included within the World Heritage Site. Within the parish is a network of 12 miles of footpaths, bridleways and multi-use trails most of which are connected with the mining heritage and the most important of these is probably the Tresavean Trail which is an asset of the WHS. The Tresavean Trail is the course of the horse-drawn tramway which formed part of the Hayle Railway and along which Welsh coal and Tresavean copper were hauled. The line closed in 1936.

17.4 The NPPF requires the community to conserve significant heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, so that they can be enjoyed for their contribution to the quality of life for present and future generations. According to the NPPF, a heritage asset is “a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having ‘significance’ meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest”. ‘Significance’ is defined as “the value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting”. Heritage assets include nationally protected (Historic England) listed buildings and their settings, archaeological sites and conservation areas and their settings as well as undesignated heritage assets (including locally listed buildings).

17.5 Listed Buildings and Structures are referenced in Appendix Five. In addition, there are also referenced buildings and structures brought forward by the community through the NDP consultation process as having particular Local Significance.

18. 
    Infrastructure and Services.
    

• 
  School: Lanner Primary School, currently with 247 pupils from 3 to 11 years.
  
• 
  Health: Lanner Moor Surgery. The nearest dental practice is in Redruth. The closest hospitals are at Barncoose, Redruth or Treliske, Truro.
  
• 
  Community facilities: Village Hall (which also houses the Parish Council office, sub-post office and the Snooker club), Methodist church and hall, Christchurch Anglican church, Band Room, Scout Hall,
  
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  Village stores, petrol filling station and shop, bakery, fish and chip shop, two public houses, dance studio, animal feed store
  

18.2 Properties in Lanner are served with mains water supply, save for a few rural homes which elect to have their own private borehole supply. The supply comes from the South West Water covered reservoir towards the top of Lanner Hill opposite Carn Marth Lane. Some properties experience weak or variable water pressure when taking their supply off old shared private water pipes.

Most properties within the village itself are serviced by mains sewage drains with the rural areas primarily connected to private sewage disposal systems. Properties to the north west of the top of Lanner Hill drain towards Redruth, but the vast majority of properties drain to the Gwennap sewage treatment works.

Energy

3. 
   Lanner is served by mains electricity but there is no mains gas available. Properties which do have gas have their own private supply of liquid petroleum gas. Oil fired heating is also quite common. In 2011, only 6.3% of households did not have central heating compared to some 17% ten years previously. However, it should be noted that this figure is still way out of line with a national average of 2.7%.
   

18.4 The modern economy is changing and provision of a good communications network is a basic requirement. The 2011 Census highlights how people are working differently to a generation ago – in Lanner parish, 16.8% of the economically active population are self-employed. These people will usually be working from home with no employees or support and need a computer with good and reliable broadband connection.

18.5 The need for superfast broadband to serve Lanner is, therefore, paramount. Broadband speeds are reported by residents to vary wildly depending on where in the parish one is. In its 2015 manifesto, the government committed to delivering download speeds of 24Mbps to 95% of the UK by the end of 2017. Since then, a further announcement pledges that access to at least 10Mbps should be on a similar footing to other basic services such as water and electricity. This ‘Universal Service Obligation’ will mean that consumers will have the right to request a broadband connection wherever they live.

POLICY SIXTEEN: All new residential, commercial and community properties should be served by a superfast broadband (fibre-optic) connection. The only exception will be where it can be demonstrated that this would not be either possible, practical or economically viable. In such circumstances, sufficient and suitable ducting should be provided within the site and to the property to facilitate ease of installation at a future date on an open access basis.

18. 
    Employment
    

19.2 Of the 2013 adults in the parish aged from 16 – 74, 1306 are economically active. With 1247 people in employment, this gives a headline unemployment rate of 4.5%. Within the given age range, 65% of males are working and 53% of females. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the average male paid working week is 41.81 hours and the average female paid working week is 28.92 hours. 219 people are self-employed.

20.1 Significantly, only 10.9% of households have no car or other motorised vehicle (which is well below the county average of 17.3%) and 46% have two or more cars (well above the Cornwall average of 38%). The average number of cars per household is 1.51. Nationally, 25.8% of households in England have no car. This illustrates the absolute and relative importance of the car to economic and social life for Lanner residents.

20.2 Of those people who are in employment, 84% go to work in their own vehicle and only 3.2% use public transport (this has fallen from parity with the county average 10 years ago to just one half of today’s figure of 6.3%) - the remainder either work at home (5.6%) or walk/cycle. The average distance travelled to work is 15.54km (9.65 miles).

20.3 The road traffic accident rate in the parish is 0.4 accidents per 1,000 people per year. A traffic survey carried out over 8 days in July 2011 on the A393 at Treviskey showed 3182 vehicles per day entering the village in a westbound direction and 3334 leaving the village in an eastbound direction. Of the westbound traffic 595 (19%) per day were exceeding the 50mph, and 86 per day exceeded 60mph. Notwithstanding this, the Highways Authority will not accede to a request to reduce the speed limit to 40mph outside the village boundary.

• 
  To reduce the speed limit of vehicles on the A393 within the parish from its eastern boundary to the edge of the village to 40 mph.
  
• 
  To reduce the speed limit of vehicles on all roads within the parish to 40 mph or lower where appropriate according to risk posed to persons, animals and property.
  
• 
  To avoid or limit development on the north side of the A393 which would add to traffic using Pennance Road.
  

The second service is route 46 also operated by First Kernow. This service runs from Camborne to Truro the first bus leaving Lanner at 0721 and the last bus leaving Truro 1745. The service runs two hourly and not on Sundays which severely restricts its usefulness to Lanner particularly for those working overtime or shift work.

The time taken for a bus journey to Truro is approximately 51 minutes (10.8 miles or 26 minutes by car). Similarly, the bus to Camborne is two hourly and takes 66 minutes for a 7.9-mile journey or 17 minutes by car.

F Williams provides a school bus (route 312) to Redruth school at 0805, arriving 0822 and a return journey leaving Redruth school 1500 and arriving in Lanner 1517.

Without a huge investment taking place, public transport is unlikely to gain in significance for Lanner residents. Low fuel and other running costs make the car attractive and the decline in high street shopping coupled with an increase in home deliveries/on-line retail services also affects demand for buses. Reductions in subsidised travel for pensioners and school children and increased costs for bus companies all add to static or declining levels of service.

20.5 The Plan therefore seeks to live with the reality of car ownership and transport and, where possible, mitigate its immediate adverse effects rather than make assumptions for increases in alternative means of transport which are unlikely to happen within the Plan period.

20.6 Although most road surfaces are adequate if not good, there are also many where long standing pot holes and surface erosion provide cause for complaint. By far the worst of the road surfaces reported is in Rough Street. Concerns are also raised that where repairs are carried out they do not appear to last for very long.

20.7 The parish is also fortunate in having some 12 miles of multi-use trails, footpaths and bridleways which are very well used, mainly for recreational purposes. Cornwall Council has a statutory duty to maintain footpaths and bridleways and in Lanner have entered into a partnership with the parish council for the latter to organise strimming to keep paths open. The cost burden of this arrangement now falls disproportionately on the parish council but residents have asserted, for the present, that they would rather pay an increased precept on Council Tax than see these footpaths and trails become overgrown.

20.8 It has long been recognised that there is a need for a car park to accommodate vehicles for those visiting or using the cemetery, churches, village hall and other community buildings and activities such as Remembrance Parade or Village Fair. This Plan expresses the wish to see such a community car park included within any scheme for residential development on land off Rough Street as identified on Map 4.

21. 
    Climate Change and Renewable Energy
    

21.2 Lanner Moor is officially recognised as an area where flooding occurs, but other areas have been identified which may be affected in times of heavy rainfall. These include Pennance Road, Sandy Lane by the roundabout, Tresavean Terrace, Tresavean Estate, Bell Lane, Rough Street, Lanner Square, Church Green, and Bell Veor.

21.3 Many, if not most, of these flooding risks are seen as a result of poor planned maintenance of drains, ditches and gullies. Cornwall Council has elected not to operate a planned maintenance policy, or at least very limited regular maintenance, but opts instead for response based maintenance.

21.4 The intention of this Plan is to ensure that:

a) Any new houses built in the parish are not at risk from flooding.

b) Any housing development does not exacerbate the flood risk to any other part of the parish or adjacent parishes, whether to housing or other land.

c) Run off from any new housing development can be dealt with without increasing the risk of pollution to groundwater, watercourses and ditches, or land.

POLICY TWENTY-ONE: New housing development will need to demonstrate it has a site-specific flood risk assessment, which shows that the risk of flooding from all sources both on and off the site is minimised and managed effectively.

All housing development will be required to ensure that, as a minimum, there is no net increase in surface water run-off. Priority should be given to incorporating Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) to manage surface water drainage, unless it is proven that SuDS are not appropriate.

Unless any of the measures below can be demonstrated to be unnecessary, applicants for planning permission should show how their proposals:

a) are supported, where required, by a sequential, risk-based approach to the location of the development, in order to avoid possible flood risk to people and property; as well as setting out measures to manage any residual future risk.

b) incorporate reduced vulnerability to the impacts of climate change.

c) incorporate proportionate and appropriate pollution control measures to prevent adverse impacts on the water environments.

d) are in line with Environment Agency Practice Note GP3 ‘Groundwater Protection, Principles and Practices’;

e) include SuDS as the first method of surface water disposal. Connection of surface water to the mains sewer should only be considered as a last option.

Where SuDS are provided, arrangements must be put in place for their whole life management and maintenance. Where either SuDS are not feasible / appropriate or if the development will exacerbate existing drainage issues elsewhere within the Plan Area, financial contributions or mitigation may be required from development on sites where measures to address flood risk or to improve the environmental quality of watercourses have been identified as needed, such as appropriate off-site drainage and water run-off management.

21.5 The topography within the parish, its significance as a setting of the World Heritage Site, and the potential for cumulative landscape and visual impact arising from large-scale wind and solar energy proposals suggests that it is unlikely that such proposals would be acceptable. That said, any proposals which are put forward would be measured on their merits against the policies and guidelines of Cornwall Council.

22. 
    Health and Wellbeing
    

22.2 The average life expectancy for Lanner (ONS 2010-2014 data) is 78 years for men and 83 years for women. These figures are just slightly below the averages for the region and for England. A similar pattern emerges from statistics showing the expectancy for a healthy life and for a disability free life: the difference being no more than 1 or 2 years. That apparently small difference in time translates to a more attention arresting mortality ratio: 114 for Lanner compared to 94 for the South West and 100 for England.

22.3 20.7% of the population (558) have a limiting long-term illness and 6.3% (171) are classed as being in bad or very bad health. The overall cancer rate is very slightly above regional and national averages but significantly lower in the four main types of cancer. However, the local rate of heart disease is higher; for circulatory and respiratory diseases markedly higher and for strokes alarmingly so.

22.4 The high rates of long-term illness and age-related diseases will be statistically linked to the relatively high number of retired people in the parish (30% higher than the average proportion in England). Overall obesity levels are in line with the national average and, encouragingly, children are well below the national average. Only 25.6% of the local population eat five or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Those who “binge drink” from time to time is no greater than the regional average but proportion of those who smoke is higher, at 23.3%.

22.5 With regard to long-term illness and disability, Lanner records over 17% more sufferers than the national average and 30% more in the working-age range. Claimants for Disability Living Allowance are 30% above the national average at 5.6% of the population. There is an anomaly: the 2011 Census shows 373 people providing unpaid care and 98 providing unpaid care of over 50 hours a week – yet only 70 people receive Attendance Allowance (as at 2016).

22.6 Economically, people living in Lanner have a headline weekly household income well below the average for England. This is £580 compared to £766 (a difference of 24%). After housing costs are taken out though, the difference is reduced to 13%: but still a substantial difference. Fuel poverty is 18.5% compared to 10.6% nationally but child poverty is 21% lower. Employment related benefits are broadly lower than national averages.

22.7 Another factor which is linked to health and wellbeing is air pollution. Although Lanner village is bisected by the A393, 2012 figures show levels three of the four major pollutants at less than one tenth the national standards for defining clean air. The one exception is particulates which show parity to regional and national averages but still only four tenths of clean air minimum standards.

POLICY TWENTY-FOUR: The people of Lanner make good use of all health and recreational facilities that exist in the village. Therefore, these are important to the well-being of the community and should not be compromised by future development. Development proposals which facilitate or encourage healthier lifestyles will be supported.

23. 
    Open Spaces, Access to the Countryside, Recreation
    

23.2 Six green spaces were identified by the local community during the engagement process as being demonstrably special to them and there was strong support to ensure their protection.

Map 6: Lanner Moor Playing Field – Local Green Space

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