Roman Jakobson
CHAPTER I: CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Analyze the agent of contrastive study.
Describe the aims of contrastive studies.
Explain the meaning of “contrast” and “compare” in second language learning.
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Explain the tertium comparationis in contrastive linguistics.
Describe interlanguage.
Recognize what should be compared to improve communicative language competence.
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Introduction
Contrastive linguistics, contrastive studies and contrastive analysis
The term contrastive refers to inter-linguistic and inter-cultural comparisons. It is also used for comparisons within languages and cultures. Therefore, contrast is synonym with comparison in some perspectives.
The term contrastive is rejoined with linguistics, studies, and analysis.
Contrastive studies is a name of the field representing both the linguistic and sociocultural dimensions. Contrastive study is understood as a particular contrastive investigation.
Contrastive analysis is a way of comparing languages in learning and teaching second language and translation. It is also a stage in a contrastive study.
Contrastive linguistics (CL) focuses on the both of contrastive description of the languages and cultures, and practical application. In fact, language is a large problem. It is too difficult to gain a complete comparing or contrasting of two languages. So contrastive linguistics exists in contrastive studies on some particular fields of two or more languages.
From the above definitions, contrastive linguistics is concerned with the comparison of some subsystems of two ore two languages which are "socio-culturally linked" and it covers both concepts of contrastive studies and contrastive analysis. Contrastive analysis is a part of a contrastive study.
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