Major Issues 4 Role of the Courts 4 Which branch authoritative interpreter of the Cx. 4 C/m difficulty 4 The Supreme Court and the Constitution 4
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- Constitutional Interpretation 5
- Federalism 9 Values 9 Limits on Congressional Power 9
- Commerce Power (Art. I s. 8 c.3) 10
- Other Powers of Congress 12
- The Fourteenth Amendment 15
- Equal Protection Methodology 16
- Rational Basis "Plus" 17
- Incorporation Doctrine 20
- Fundamental Interests Equal Protection 22
- State Action Doctrine 24
- Equal Protection Attack Outline 24 Carolene Products Footnote Four 25
Major Issues 4 Role of the Courts 4 Which branch authoritative interpreter of the Cx. 4 C/M Difficulty 4 The Supreme Court and the Constitution 4 Introduction 4 History of the Constitution 4 Functions of the Constitution 5 Why Have A Cx? 5 People as Sovereign 5 Constitutional Interpretation 5 Counter Majoritarian Difficulty 5 Alex Bickel (1962) 5 Responses to C/M Difficulty 5 Interpretation 6 Theories 6 Caveats 6 Art. III 6 Creates federal judicial system 6 vests power in Sup. Ct. 6 Lifetime tenure 6 Enforce Powers of Fed Gov't 6
Interstate Umpire 6 states and their citizens 6 two states 6 not state and citizens of different state XI A. 6 Jury trials 6 Treason 6
Judicial Review 6 Review of Presidential Decisions 6
Federal Power 7 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Marshall 7 Justiciability 8 Advisory Opinions 8 Need Actual Dispute 8 Standing 8 Generally 8 Art. III Requirements 8 Prudential Requirments. 8 Allen v. Wright (1984) (p.87) 8 Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (1992) (p.92) 8 Political Question 8 Caveats 8 Baker Criteria (p.114) 8 Guarantee Clause 9 Luther v. Borden (1849) 9 Baker v. Carr (1962) 9 Bush v. Gore 9 Federalism 9 Values 9 Limits on Congressional Power 9 Internal Limits 9 External Limits 9 Displacement of State Authority 9 Generally Applicable Law 9
Commandeering 10 Reemergence of the Tenth Amendment 10
Generally 10 History 10 Roots 10
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 10 Lochner Era 10 U.S. v. E.C. Knight (1895) 10 Champion v. Ames - The Lottery Case (1903) 10 Lochner v. N.Y. (1903) 10 Mueller v. Oregon (1908) 10 Shreveport Rate Cases (1914) 11 Hammer v. Dagenhart - The Child Labor Cases (1918) Day (5-4) Holmes dissent 11 Stafford v. Wallace (1922) 11 Adkins v. Child Hospital (1923) 11 A.L.A. Shechter Poultry v. U.S. (1935) 11 Morehead v. NY ex rel Tipaldo (1936) 11 Carter v. Carter Coal (1936) Sutherland 11 “Modern” Commerce Cases 11 Switch in Time 11 NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937) Hughes 11 West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937) 11 U.S. v. Darby (1941) 11 Wickard v. Filburn (1942) Jackson 11 Commerce in Civil Rights 11 Civil Rights Act of 1964 11 Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964) 11 Katzenbach v. McClung (1964) 12 Modern Commerce Cases 12 U.S. v. Lopez (1995) (p186) 12 U.S. v. Morrison (2000) 12 Other Powers of Congress 12 Treaty Power 12 Missouri v. Holland (1920) (p203) 12 Reid v Covert (1957) 12 War Power 12 Woods v. Cloyd Miller Co. (1948) (206) 12 Foreign Affairs 12 U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright Corp.(1936) 12 Spending Power 12 U.S. v. Butler (1936) (p209) 12 Conditional Grants To States 12 South Dakota v. Dole (1987) (p217) 12 Limits of Federal Spending Power (Rehnquist) 13 13th A. 13 15th A. 13 14th A. Section 5 13 Theories 13 Lassiter v. Northhampton Election Board (1959) 13 Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966) (p.222) 13 City of Boerne v. Flores (1997) (p226) 13 Presidential Powers 13 Article II 13 Executive power 13 Take Care Clause 13 Commander in Chief 13 No Inherent Powers 13 Youngstown 13 Foreign Affairs Power 13 U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright Corp 13 Limitations 13 Impeachment 13 Two Term Limit 13 Separation of Powers 13 Text 13 Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) (p336) 13 Formalist Interpretations 14 INS v. Chadha (1983) (p370) 14 Bowsher v. Synar (1986) (p381) 14 Functionalist Interpretation 14 Morrison v. Olson (1988) (p387) 14 Reconstruction 14 Textual Basis For Slavery in the Cx 14 Slaughter House Cases (1873) 14 Strauder v. West Virginia (1879) 14 Civil Rights Cases (1883) 14 Brown 14 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) (p437) 14 Sweatt v. Painter (1950) (p445) 15 McLaurin v. Oklahoma (1950) (p446) 15 Brown v. Board of Ed. (1954) (p446) 15 Bolling v. Sharpe (1954) (p449) 15 Brown II (1955) (p453) 15 Massive Resistance 15 Cooper v. Aaron (1958) (p457) 15 Civil Rights Act of 1964 15 The Fourteenth Amendment 15 Content of Section 1 15 Equal Protection 15 Procedural Due Process 16 Substantive Due Process 16 Equal Protection for Federal Action 16 Classification & Discrimination 16 Criticism of Levels of Scrutiny 16 Reasons for Heightened Scrutiny 16
Class 16
Right 16 Class + Right 16 is the class narrowly tailored? 16 Rational Basis 16 Rationally related to a legitimate government purpose. 16 Bulwark against arbitrary and unreasonable gov't action 16 New York City Transit v. Beazer (1979) (p475) 16 Railway Express Agency v. NY (1949) (p484) 17 Williamson v. Lee Optical (1955) 17 Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co. (1981) 17 Rational Basis "Plus" 17 Aberrant rational basis. 17 City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center (1985) 17 Romer v. Evans (1996) 17 Intermediate Scrutiny 17 Test 17
Substantially related to an important government purpose. 17 Gay discrimination is gender discrimination 17 Baehr v. Lewin 17 Koppelman 17 Subordinate men to women's status. 17 History 17 Slaughter House Cases (1873) 17 Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)(p.596) 17 Minor v. Happersett (1875) 18 Muller v. Oregon (1908) 18 Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923) 18 West Coast Hotel v. Parrish 18 Goesaert v. Cleary (1948) 18 Hoyt v. Florida (1961) 18 Women's Property Acts (1830s-1890s) 18 Reed v. Reed (1971)(p.598) 18 Frontiero v. Richardson (1973) 18 Modern Standard 18 Craig v. Boren (1976)(p.602) 18 U.S. v. Virginia (1996)(p.611) 18 Real Differences 19 Rostker v. Goldberg (1981) (p.620) 19 Michael M. v. Sonoma County (1981) 19 Nguyen v. INS (2001) (suppliment) 19 Strict Scrutiny 19 Impact v. Intent 19 Arlington Hts 19 Feeny 19 Strict Scrutiny Test 19 Necessary to achieve a compelling government purpose. 19 Caveats 19 Origins 19 Facially Discriminatory Law 19 Strauder v. West Virginia (1880) 19 Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) 19 Facially Neutral But Explicitly Racial 19 Loving v. Virginia (1967) (p533) 19 Not Facially Discriminatory 19 Washington v. Davis (1976) (p.514) 19 Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960) 20 Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) 20 Arlington Heights v. Metro Housing (1977) (p523) 20 McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) (p.523) 20 Feeney (1977) 20 Incorporation Doctrine 20 Generally 20 Baron v. Baltimore (1830) 20 Slaughter House Cases (1873) 20 Warren court 20 Substantive Due Process 20 Generally 20 Ghost of Lochner 20 Historical 20 Lochner and Freedom of Contract 20 ends with West Coast Hotel 20 Skinner v. OK 20 Modern 20 FN4 20 representation/renforcement (p690) 20 two tier analysis 20 Right of Privacy/Abortion 20 Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) (p811) 20 Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) (p822) 21 Roe v. Wade (1973) (p823) 21 After Roe 21 Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)(p851) 21 Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) (p896) 21 Romer v. Evans (1996) (p638) 21 Lawrence v. Texas (Now) 22 Fundamental Interests Equal Protection 22 Generally 22 procreation, voting, access to courts, and travel 22 Strict-scrutiny test used to violate under EP clause of 14th A. 22 hesitant to expand list 22 Procreation (YES) 22 Buck v. Bell (1927) 22 Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942) (p. 736) 22 Education (NO) 22 San Antonio School Dist. v. Rodriguez (1973) (p.795) 22 Plyer v. Doe (1982) (p. 804) 22 Affirmative Action 22 Battle for Meaning of EP 22 Color Blind 22 Anti-Subordination/Remedial 22 History 22 Regents of U.C. v. Bakke (1978)(p554) 22 Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980) 23 City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co (1989) (p557) 23 Metro Broadcasting v. FCC 23 Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995) (p574) 23 Before Michigan 23 Standard of Review 23 Compelling Gov't Interest 23 State Action Doctrine 24 Generally 24 Cx applies only to the government. 24 No state action doctrine in 13th A. 24 Private conduct is not reached by the Cx 24 No protection from private wrongs. 24 Civil Rights Cases - CRA 75 un-Cx 24 U.S. v. Morrison (2000) (p199) 24 Reasons 24 Personal Liberty 24 Other Bodies of Law Protect 24 Gov power > Private 24 Entanglement Exceptions 24 Government authorizes, facilitates, or encourages private, un-Cx conduct 24 Generally 24 Enforcement 24 Shelly v. Kramer (1948) 24 Regulation 24 Burton v. Willimington Parking Authority (1961) (p.1527) 24 Subsidy 24 Norwood v. Harrison (1973) (p1530) 24 Rendell-Baker v. Kohn (1982) (p1533) 24 Public Function 24 Marsh v. Alabama (1946) (p1544) 24 Jackson v. Metro Edison (1974) (p1540) 24 Equal Protection Attack Outline 24 Carolene Products Footnote Four 25 Directory: public public -> Acm word Template for sig site public -> The german unification, 1815-1870 public -> Preparation of Papers for ieee transactions on medical imaging public -> Harmonised compatibility and sharing conditions for video pmse in the 7 9 ghz frequency band, taking into account radar use public -> Adjih, C., Georgiadis, L., Jacquet, P., & Szpankowski, W. (2006). Multicast tree structure and the power law public -> Duarte, G. Pujolle: fits: a flexible Virtual Network Testbed Architecture public -> Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (eth) Zurich Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory public -> Tr-41. 4-03-05-024 Telecommunications public -> Chris Young sets 2016 “I’m Comin’ Over” Tour headlining dates Download 170.55 Kb. Share with your friends:
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