Martinek, Thomas J., and Tammy Shilling. 2003. Developing compassionate leadership in underserved youth. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance 74, 5: 33–39.
Marty, Martin E., and R. S. Appleby, eds. 1995. Fundamentalisms comprehended (Vol. 5 of The Fundamentalism Project). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Martzke, Rudy, and Reid Cherner, 2004. Channeling how to view sports. USA Today (August 17): 1C–2C.
Marvez, Alex. 2002. Steroid abuse grips wrestling, too. Rocky Mountain News (July 19): C8.
Marx, Jeffrey. 2004. He turns boys into men. Parade (August 29): 4–6.
Mason, D. S. 2002. “Get the puck outta here!” Media transnationalism and Canadian identity. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 26 (2): 140–167.
Massengale, John. 1974. Coaching as an occupational subculture. Phi Delta Kappan 56(2):140–142.
Massengale, John. 1975. Occupational role conflict and the teacher/coach. Paper presented at the meetings of the Western Social Science Association, Denver.
Massengale, John. 1981. Role conflict and the teacher/coach: some occupational causes and considerations for the sport sociologist. In S. Greendorfer and A. Yiannakis, eds. Sociology of sport: diverse perspectives. Leisure Press, West Point, N.Y.
Mastandrea, Linda & Czubernat, Donna. 2006. Sports and the physically challenged: an encyclopedia of people, events, and organizations. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2006
Mathes, Sharon A. 1978. Body image and sex stereotyping. In C. Oglesby, ed. Women and sport: from myth to reality. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Mathes, Sharon A. 1982. Women coaches: endangered species? Paper presented at the meetings of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Houston.
Mathesen, H., and K. Flatten. 1996. Newspaper representation of women athletes in 1984 and 1994. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal 5,
Mathisen, James. 1990. Reviving “Muscular Christianity”: Gil Dodds and the institutionalization of sport evangelism. Sociological Focus 23, 3: 233–49.
Mathisen, James. 1992. From civil religion to folk religion: The case of American sport. In S. Hoffman, ed. Sport and religion (pp. 17–34). Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.
Matson, Barbara. 2004. A growth sport is stunting female coaches. Boston Globe (Dec. 5):
May, Rollo. 1972. Power and innocence: A search for the sources of violence. New York: W. W. Norton.
Mayeda, David. Tokiharu. 1999. From model minority to economic threat: Media portrayals of major league baseball pitchers Hideo Nomo and Hideki Irabu. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 23, 2: 203–217.
Mayo, David, and Eduard Inglés. 2008. Sport and the construction of national identity: The case of Catalonia. Paper presented at the 5th Conference of the European Association for Sociology of Sport (Bled, Slovernia, May 23).
Mazza, Carlo. 2006. Sport as viewed from the Church’s Magisterium (pp. 55–73). In Pontifical Council for the Laity. 2006. The world of sport today: A field of Christian mission. Città del Vaticana: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
McCall, Michael M., and Howard S. Becker. 1990. Introduction. Pp. 1–15 in H. S. Becker and M. M. McCall, eds. Symbolic interaction and cultural studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McCall, Nathan. 1997. What’s going on: Personal essays. New York: Random House.
McCallum, J. 1988. The NBA will be going global--and soon. Sports Illustrated 69(20):58–63.
McCallum, Jack. 2002. Citizen Barkley. Sports Illustrated 96,11 (March 11): 38.
McCallum, Jack. 2003. Thank God it’s Friday. Sports Illustrated 99, 12 (September 29): 40–42.
McCarthy, D., R. L. Jones, and P. Potrac. 2003. Constructing Images and Interpreting Realities: The Case of the Black Soccer Player on Television. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38, 2: 217–238.
McCarthy, Michael. 2005. Athletes on the outs in ads: Hip-hop artists outscore jocks in endorsements. USA Today, July 5: 1C–2C.
McCaughtry, N. 2004. Learning to Read Gender Relations in Schooling: Implications of Personal History and Teaching Context on Identifying Disempowerment for Girls. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 75, 4: 400–412.
McChesney, Robert W. 1999. The new global media: It’s a small world of big conglomerates. The Nation 269, 18: 11–15.
McClelland, John, ed. 2006. Body and mind: sport in Europe from the Roman Empire to the Renaissance. NY: Routledge.
McClendon, M. J., and D. Stanley Eitzen. 1975. Interracial contact on collegiate basketball teams: a test of Sherif’s theory of superordinate goals. Social Science Quarterly 55, 4: 926–938.
McClung, Lisa R., & Elaine. M. Blinde. 1998. Negotiation of the gendered ideology of sport: Experiences of women intercollegiate athletes. Paper presented at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Las Vegas (November).
McComb, David G. 2004. Sports in world history. London/New York: Routledge.
McCormack, Jane B., and Laurence Chalip. 1988. Sport as socialization: A critique of methodological premises. The Social Science Journal 25, 1: 83–92.
McCullagh, Ciaran. 2002. Media power. New York: Palgrave.
McDaniel, S. R., & C. B. Sullivan. 1998. Extending the sports experience: Mediations in cyberspace. Pp. 266–281 in L. A. Wenner, ed. MediaSport. London/NY: Routledge.
McDermott, B. 1982. The glitter has gone. Sports Illustrated 57(20):82–96.
McDermott, L. 1996. Toward a feminist understanding of physicality within the context of women’s physically active and sporting lives. Sociology of Sport Journal 13, 1: 12–30.
McDermott, L. 2007. A government analysisof children “at risk” in a world of physical inactivity and obesity epidemics. Sociology of Sport Journal 24, 3: 302–324.
McDonagh, Eileen, and Laura Pappana. 2007. Playing with the boys: Why separatre is not equal in sports. New York: Oxford University Press.
McDonald, Ian. 1999. “Physiological patriots”?: The politics of physical culture and Hindu nationalism in India. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 34, 4: 343–358.
McDonald, Mary. (1992). Rethinking resistance: The Olympic Games and alternative models. Paper presented the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Toledo (November).
McDonald, Mary G. 2000. The marketing of the Women’s National Basketball Association and the making of postfeminism. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 35 (1), 35–47.
McDonald, Mary, and Susan Birrell. 1999. Reading sport critically: A methodology for interrogating power. Sociology of Sport Journal 16, 4: 283–300.
McDowell, Jacqueline, and George B. Cunningham. (in press). The prevalence of occupational segregation in athletic administrative positions. International Journal of Sport Management.
McElroy, M. 1979. Sport participation and educational aspirations: an explicit consideration of academic and sport value climates. Research Quarterly 40, 2: 241–248.
McEntegart, Pete et al. 2002. The top 100 sports books of all time. Sports Illustrated 97, 24 (December 16): 128–148.
McGarry, Karen. 2005. Mass media and gender identity in high performance Canadian figure skating. The Sport Journal 8, 1: www.thesportjournal.org (retrieved July 14, 2005).
McGehee, R.V., and M.J. Paul. 1986. Racial makeup of central, stacking, and other playing positions in Southeastern Conference football teams, 1967–1983. In L. Vander Velden and J. Humphrey, eds. Current selected research in the psychology and sociology of sport. AMS Press, New York.
McGraw, D. 1997. The national bet. U.S. News & World Report, April 7: 50–55.
McGuire, R. T., Jr., and D. L. Cook. 1983. The influence of others and the decision to participate in youth sports. Journal of Sport Behavior 6, 1: 9–16.
McHale, James, P., Penelope G. Vinden, Loren Bush, Derek Richer, David Shaw, and Brienne Smith. 2005. Patterns of personal and social adjustment among sport-involved and noninvolved urban middle-school children. Sociology of Sport Journal 22, 2: 119–136.
McKay, J. 1990. The ‘moral panic’ of drugs in sport. Paper presented at the Australian Sociology Association Conference, Queensland (December).
McKay, J., G. Lawrence, T. Miller, and D. Rowe. 1993. Globalization and Australian sport. Sport Science Review 2, 1: 10–28.
McKay, Jim 1997. Managing gender: Affirmative action and organizational power in Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand sport. Albany, NY: Stat University of New York Press.
McKay, Jim 1999. Gender and organizational power in Canadian sport. In P. White & K. Young, eds. Sport and gender in Canada (pp. 197–215). Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press.
McKay, Jim. 1990. The “moral panic” of drugs in sport. Paper presented at the Australian Sociology Association Conference, Queensland (December).
McKay, Jim. 2005. Americans with Disibilities Act: A job not done (yet). Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 15: www.post-gazette.com/pg/05196/538181.stm (retrieved, July 21, 2005).
McKenna, Jim, and Howard Thomas. 2007. Enduring injustice: a case study of retirement from professional rugby union. Sport, Education and Society 12, 1: 19–35.
McKenzie, Bette. 1999. Retiring from the sideline: Building new identities on new terms. In Jay Coakley and Peter Donnelly, eds., Inside Sports (pp. 232–236). London: Routledge.
McNeal, Ralf B., Jr. 1995. Extracurricular activities and high school dropouts. Sociology of Education 64, 1: 62–81.
McPherson, Barry. 1975. Past, present and future perspectives for research in sport sociology. Int. Rev. Sport Sociol. 10(1):55–71.
McPherson, Barry. 1980. Retirement from professional sport: the process and problems of occupational and psychological adjustment. Sociological Symposium 30: 126–43.
McPherson, Barry. 1984. Sport participation across the life cycle: a review of the literature and suggestions for future research. Sociology of Sport Journal 1, 3: 213–230.
McPherson, Barry. 1985. Socialization: toward a “new wave” of scholarly inquiry in a sport context. In A. Miracle and C.R. Rees, eds. Sport and sociological theory. Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., Champaign, Ill.
McShane, Larry. 1999. Winner take all (Associated Press). Colorado Springs Gazette, 4 July, LIFE4
McTeer, W. 1987. Intercollegiate athletes and student life: two studies in the Canadian case. ARENA Review 11, 2: 94–100.
Mead, C. 1985. Black hero in a white land. Sports Illustrated 63 (13), 16 September, 80–101.
Mead, C. 1985. Champion Joe Louis: Black hero in white America. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Mead, G.H. 1934. Mind, self, and society. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Medrich, E.A., et al. 1982. The serious business of growing up. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif.
Meier, Klaus. 1981. On the inadequacies of sociological definitions of sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 16, 2: 79–100.
Melnick, Merrill. 1988. Racial segregation by playing position in the English football league: some preliminary observations. J. Sport Soc. Iss. 12(2):122–130.
Melnick, Merrill. 1992. Male athletes and sexual assault. JOPERD 63(5):32–35.
Melnick, Merrill J. 1988. Racial segregation by playing position in the English football league: Some preliminary observations. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 12, 2: 122–30.
Melnick, Merrill J. 1992. Male athletes and sexual assault. JOPERD 63, 5: 32–35.
Melnick, Merrill J. 1996. Maori women and positional segregation in New Zealand netball: Another test of the Anglocentric Hypothesis. Sociology of Sport Journal 13, 3: 259–73.
Melnick, Merrill, and Steven J Jackson. 2002. Globalization American-Style and Reference Idol Selection: The Importance of Athlete Celebrity Others among New Zealand Youth. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 37, 3–4: 429–448.
Melnick, Merrill J., and John W. Loy. 1996. The effects of formal structure on leadership recruitment: An analysis of team captaincy among New Zealand provincial rugby teams. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 31, 1: 91–107.
Melnick, Merrill J., and Donald Sabo. 1994. Sport and social mobility among African-American and Hispanic athletes. Pp. 221–41 in G. Eisen and D. K. Wiggins, eds. Ethnicity and sport in North American history and culture. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Melnick, Merrill J., Donald Sabo, and B. Vanfossen. 1992. Effects of interscholastic athletic participation on the social, educational, and career mobility of Hispanic girls and boys. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 27, 1: 57–75.
Melnick, Merrill J., and R. Thomson. 1996. The Maori people and positional segregation in New Zealand rugby football: A test of the Anglocentric hypothesis. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 31, 2: 139–54.
Melnick, Merrill J., B. Vanfossen, and Donald Sabo. 1988. Developmental effects of athletic participation among high school girls. Sociology of Sport Journal 5, 1: 22–36.
Menary, Steve. 2007. Outcasts!: the lands that FIFA forgot. Studley, UK: Know the Score Books.
Mendelsohn, Daniel. 2004. What Olympic Ideal? The New York Times Magazine, August 8: www.nytimes.com/2004/08/08/magazine/WLN130551.html.
Mennesson, C. 2000. “Hard” women and “soft” women. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 35 (1), 21–33.
Mennesson, Christine, and Jean-Paul Clément. 2003. Homosociability and Homosexuality: The Case of Soccer Played by Women. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38, 3: 311–330.
Menzies, H. 1989. Women’s sport: Treatment by the media. Pp. 220–31 in K. Dyer, ed. Sportswomen towards 2000: A celebration. Richmond, South Australia: University of Adelaide.
Merchant, Larry. 1971. And every day you take another bite. Doubleday Publishing Co., New York.
Merrill, Dave. 2002. Skateboarding grinds out urban revival. USA Today (July 30): 6C–7C.
Messing, Manfred. 1978. The personality of the physical education teacher from the pupil’s point of view. Paper presented at the International Scientific Congress on the Personality of the Physical Education Teacher, Olomouc, CSSR.
Messner, Michael. 1984. Review of Class, sports, and social development (Gruneau, 1983) and Sport, culture, and ideology (Hargreaves, ed., 1982). Journal of Sport and Social Issues 8, 1: 49–51.
Messner, Michael A. 1991. Women in the men’s locker room. Changing Men: Issues in Gender, Sex and Politics 23 (Fall/Winter): 56–58.
Messner, Michael A. 1992. Power at play. Beacon Press, Boston.
Messner, Michael A., and Donald F. Sabo, eds. 1994. Sex, violence & power in sports: Rethinking masculinity. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press
Messner, Michael A. 1994. When bodies are weapons. Pp. 89–98 in Michael A. Messner and Don Sabo, eds. 1994. Sex, violence & power in sports. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
Messner, Michael A. 1996. Studying up on sex. Sociology of Sport Journal 13, 3: 221–237.
Messner, Michael A. 2002. Taking the field: women, men, and sports. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Messner, Michael A., M. C. Duncan, and F. L. Wachs. 1996. The gender of audience-building: Televised coverage of women’s and men’s NCAA basketball. Sociological Inquiry 66, 4: 422–39.
Messner, Michael A., Margaret Carlisle Duncan, and Cheryl Cooky. 2003. Silence, Sports Bras, and Wrestling Porn: Women in Televised Sports News and Highlights Shows. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 2003 27, 1: 38–51.
Messner, Michael A., Margaret Carlisle Duncan, and Faye Linda Wachs. 1996. The gender of audience-building: Televised coverage of women’s and men’s NCAA basketball. Sociological Inquiry 66, 4: 422–39.
Messner, Michael A., Darnell Hunt, and Michele Dunbar. 1999. Boys to men: Sports media messages about masculinity. Oakland, CA: Children Now.
Messner, Michael A., and Donald F. Sabo, eds. 1992. Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.
Messner, Michael A., and W. S. Solomon. 1993. Outside the frame: Newspaper coverage of the Sugar Ray Leonard wife abuse story. Sociology of Sport Journal 10, 2: 119–34.
Messner, Michael A., and W. S. Solomon. 1994. Sin and redemption: The Sugar Ray Leonard wife abuse story. Pp. 53–65 in M. A. Messner and D. Sabo, eds. Sex, violence & power in sports. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
Messner, Michael A., and Nancy M. Solomon. 2007. Social justice and men’s interests: The case of Title IX. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31, 2: 162–178.
Messner, Michael A., and Mark A. Stevens. 2002. Scoring without consent: Confronting male athletes’ violence against women. In M. Gatz, M. A. Messner, and S. J. Ball-Rokeach, eds., Paradoxes of youth and sport (pp. 225–240) edited by. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Mewett , Peter G. 2003. Conspiring to Run: Women, their Bodies and Athletics Training International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38, 3: 331–349.
Meyer, B.B. 1988. The college experience: female athletes and nonathletes. Paper presented at the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Conference, Cincinnati.
Meyer, Barbara B. 1990. From idealism to actualization: The academic performance of female collegiate athletes. Sociology of Sport Journal 7, 1: 44–57.
Meyer, Jeremy. 2002a. Ward’s fire within. The Denver Post, 14 July, 1C, 12C.
Meyer, Jeremy. 2002b. Added danger. The Denver Post, 15 September, 1C, 8C
Miah, Andy. 2004. Genetically modified athletes: the ethical implications of genetic technologies in sport. London/New York: Routledge.
Michaelis, V. 1996. Dream team: Capitalism on the hoof. The Denver Post, 19 July, 8D.
Michaelis, V. 2002. Weathering Olympic crises. USA Today, 26 August, C3.
Micheli, L. J. 1990. Sportsense for the young athlete. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Michener, J. 1976. Sports in America. Random House, Inc., New York.
Midol, Nancy, and G. Broyer. 1995. Toward an anthropological analysis of new sport cultures: The case of whiz sports in France. Sociology of Sport Journal 12, 2: 204–212.
Midol, Nancy. 1999. Sport and modernity: The sociology of structuralism, of post-structuralism, of deconstruction, and of simulation. Paper presented at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Cleveland (November).
Miedzian, M. 1991. Boys will be boys: Breaking the link between masculinity and violence. New York: Anchor Books.
Mielke, R., and S. Bahlke. 1995. Structure and preferences of fundamental values of young athletes. Do they differ from non-athletes and from young people with alternative leisure activities? International Review for the Sociology of Sport 30, 3/4: 419–437.
Mieth, Dietmar. 2006. Towards an ethic of sport in contemporary culture (pp. 23–43). In Pontifical Council for the Laity. 2006. The world of sport today: A field of Christian mission. Città del Vaticana: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Mihevic, P.M. 1981. Anxiety, depression, and exercise. Quest 33(2):140–153.
Mihoces, Gary. 2002. Football is king—now more than ever. USA Today (August 30): 6A.
Mihoces, Gary. 2005. Injured skaters struggle in world championships. USA Today (March 15): 7C (www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/winter/2005-03-14-skating-worlds_x.htm).
Mihoces. Gary. 2002. Football is king – now more than ever. USA Today (August 30): 6A.
Miles, G. 1991. Prep sports could lose budget race. USA Today, July 30, Section C (Cover Story).
Miller Brewing Co. 1983. Miller Lite Report on American Attitudes Toward Sports. Milwaukee, WI: Miller Brewing Co.
Miller, Kathleen E., Don F. Sabo, Merrill J. Melnick, Michael P. Farrell, and Grace M. Barnes. 2000. The Women’s Sports Foundation Report: Health risks and the teen athlete. East Meadow, NY: Women’s Sports Foundation.
Miller, Kathleen E., Don F. Sabo, Michael P. Farrell, Grace M. Barnes, & Merrill J. Melnick. 1998. Athletic participation and sexual behavior in adolescents: The different world of boys and girls. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 39, 108–123.
Miller, Kathleen E., Don F. Sabo, Michael P. Farrell, Grace M. Barnes, & Merrill J. Melnick. 1999. Sports, sexual behavior, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among female and male high school students: Testing cultural resource theory. Sociology of Sport Journal 16, 4: 366–387.
Miller, Kathleen E., Grace M. Barnes, Donald F. Sabo, Merrill J. Melnick, and Michael P. Farrell. 2003. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use and other adolescent problem behaviors: Rethinking the male athlete assumption. Sociological Perspectives 45, 4: 467–490
Miller, Kathleen E., Merrill J. Melnick, Grace M. Barnes, Michael P. Farrell, and Don Sabo. 2005. Untangling the links among athletic involvement, gender, race, and adolescent academic outcomes. Sociology of Sport Journal 22, 2: 178–193.
Miller, L., and O. Penz 1991. Talking bodies: Female bodybuilders colonize a male preserve. Quest 43, 2: 148–63.
Miller, Patricia S., and Gretchen Kerr. 2003. The role experimentation of intercollegiate student athletes. The Sport Psychologist 17, 2: 196–219.
Miller, Patrick B., and David K. Wiggins, eds. 2003. Sport and the color line: Black athletes and race relations in twentieth-century America. London/New York: Routledge.
Miller, Rory M., and Crolley, Liz (Eds.) (2007). Football in the Americas: Futbol, futebol, soccer. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas.
Miller, S. 1991. Arete: Greek sports from ancient sources. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Miller, S. 2003. The power 100: Win-win situation. The Sporting News, 13 January, 4–11.
Miller, Toby, David Rowe, Jim McKay, and Geoffrey Lawrence. 2003. The Over-Production of US Sports and the New International Division of Cultural Labor. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38, 4: 427–440.
Miller, Toby, Geoffrey Lawrence, Jim McKay, David Rowe. 2001. Globalization and sport: Playing the world. London: Sage Publications.
Mills, James, and Paul Dimeo. 2003. ‘When gold is fired it shines’: Sport, the imagination and the body in colonial and postcolonial India. In John Bale and Mike Cronin, eds. Sport and postcolonialism (pp. 107–122). Oxford/New York: Berg.
Minton, L. 1995. The cheerleaders vs the girl players. Parade, July 23: 7.
Miracle, Andrew. 1978. Functions of school athletics: boundary maintenance and system integration. In M.A. Salter, ed. Play: anthropological perspectives. Leisure Press, West Point, N.Y.
Miracle, Andrew W., 1980. School spirit as a ritual by-product: Views from applied anthropology. Pp. 98–103 in H. B. Schwartzman, ed. Play and culture. West Point, NY: Leisure Press.
Miracle, Andrew W., 1981. Factors affecting interracial cooperation: A case study of a high school football team. Human Organization 40, 2: 150–54.
Miracle, Andrew W., and C. Roger Rees. 1994. Lessons of the locker room: The myth of school sports. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
Moan, Malcolm. 2002a. Success fails to open college doors for black football coaches. USA Today (October 11): 1A–2A
Montville, Leigh. 1999. Shall we dance? Sports Illustrated 91, 22 (December 6): 98–109.
Mooney, Chris. 2003. Teen herbicide. Mother Jones 28, 3 (May/June): 18–22.
Moore, J. 1990. Sons of the wind. Sports Illustrated 72(8):72–84.
Moore, D. L. 1991. Athletes and rape: Alarming link. USA Today, August 27: 1C–2C.
Moore, David Leon. 2002. Parents pay dearly to coach kids for stardom. USA Today (July 26): 1A–2A. Online: www.usatoday.com/educate/college/firstyear/casestudies/20040106-coaching.pdf.
Moore, Kathleen. 2004. Olympics 2004: Muslim Women Athletes Move Ahead, But Don’t Leave Faith Behind. www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1056.html (retrieved July 5, 2005).
Moran, Malcolm. 2002a. Success fails to open college doors for black football coaches. USA Today (October 11): 1A–2A
Moran, Malcolm. 2002b. Numbers speak volumes about blacks as head coaches. USA Today (October 11): 6D.
Morgan, William 1985. “Radical” social theory of sport: a critique and a conceptual emendation. Sociol. Sport J. 2(1):56–71.
Morgan, William J. 1994. Leftist theories of sport: A critique and reconstruction. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Morgan, William J. 2000. Philosophy and sport. In J. Coakley and E. Dunning, eds. Handbook of sport and society. London: Sage.
Morgan, William John. 2006. Why sports morally matter. NY/London: Routledge.
Morgan, William P. 1984. Physical activity and mental health. In H. M. Eckert and H. J. Montoye, eds. Exercise and health (The American Academy of Physical Education papers). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Morra, N., and M. D. Smith. 1996. Interpersonal sources of violence in hockey: The influence of the media, parents, coaches, and game officials. Pp. 142–155 in R. E. Smith and F. Smoll, eds. Children and youth sport: A biopsychosocial perspective. Madison, WI: Brown and Benchmark.
Morris, Desmond. 1967. The naked ape. London: Jonathon Cape.
Morris, Desmond. 1981. The soccer tribe. London: Chatto, Bodley Head & Jonathon Cape.
Morris, G. S. D., and James Stiehl. 1989. Changing kids’ games. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Morris, Jenny. 1996. Introduction. In Morris, J., ed., Encounters with strangers: Feminism and disability (pp. 1–12). London: The Women’s Free Press.
Morris, Joan. 1993. Feminism and disability. Feminist Review 43: 57–70.
Morrison, R. 1996. Sports fans, athletes’ salaries, and economic rent. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 31, 3: 257–72.
Mosher, S. D. 1995. Whose dreams? Basketball and celluloid America. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 19, 3: 318–26.
Moye, Jim, and C. Keith. Harrison. 2002. Don’t believe the hype: Do the automatic suspensions of student-athletes for alleged misconduct withstand constitutional scrutiny? Texas Entertainment and Sports Law Journal 11, 1: 5–15.
Mrozek, Donald J. 1983. Sport and American mentality, 1880–1920. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
Muñoz, Francesc. 2006. Olympic urbanism and Olympic Villages: planning strategies in Olympic host cities, London 1908 to London 2012. The Sociological Review 54, 2: 175–187.
Murderball. 2004. A documentary film by Think Film Company, New York (www.thinkfilmcompany.com/).
Murphy, Geraldine. M., Al J. Petipas, & Britton W. Brewer. 1996. Identity foreclosure, athletic identity, and career maturity in intercollegiate athletics. The Sport Psychologist 10, 3: 239–246.
Murphy, Patrick, John Williams, and Eric Dunning. 1990. Football on trial: Spectator violence and development in the world of football. London: Routledge.
Murphy, Patrick, Ken Sheard, and Ivan Waddington. 2000. Figurational/process sociology. In J. Coakley and E. Dunning, eds. Handbook of sports studies (pp. 92–105). London: Sage.
Murphy, Shane. 1999. The cheers and the tears: A healthy alternative to the dark side of youth sports today. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Murray, Bill, and Roy Hay, eds. 2006. The World game downunder. Melbourne, Australian Society for Sports History.
Murray, Bruce, and Christopher Merrett. 2004. Caught Behind: Race and Politics in Springbok Cricket. Scottsville, South Africa: University of Natal Press.
Murrell, A. J., and E. M. Curtis. 1994. Causal attributions of performance for black and white quarterbacks in the NFL: A look at the sports pages. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 18, 3: 224–33.
Muscatine, A. 1991. The status of women’s sports. Women’s Sports Pages 3, 4: 12–13, 18.
Myers, Jim. 2000. Afraid of the dark: What whites and blacks need to know about each other. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books.
Nabokov, Peter. 1981. Indian running: Native American history and tradition. Santa Fe, NM: Ancient City Press.
Nack, William. 1998. Does God care who wins the Super Bowl? Sports Illustrated 88, 3 (January 26): 47–48.
Nack, William, and Lester Munson. 1992. Blood money. Sports Illustrated 77(21):18–30.
Nack, William, and Lester Munson. 1995. Sports’ dirty secret. Sports Illustrated 83, 5 (July 31): 62–75.
Nack, William, and Lester Munson. 2000. Out of control. Sports Illustrated 93, 4, July 24: 86–95.
Nack, William, and Don Yaeger. 1999. Every parent’s nightmare. Sports Illustrated 91, 10 (September 13): 40–53.
Nakamura, Yuka. 2002. Beyond the hijab: Female Muslims and physical activity. Women’s Sport and Physical Activity Journal 11, 2: 21–48.
Nance, R. 2001. Long shots step into spotlight. USA Today, 26 October, 3C.
Nash, Bruce, and Allan Zullo. 1989. The baseball hall of shame(2). New York: Pocket Books.
Nash, H. L. 1987. Do compulsive runners and anorectic patients share common bonds? The Physician and Sportsmedicine 15, 12: 162–67.
National Coaching Foundation. 1996. Guidance for National Governing Bodies on Child Protection Procedures. Leeds, England: NCF.
Nativ, A. et al. 1994. The female triad: The inter-relatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Clinics in sports medicine 13, 2: 405–418.
Naughton, J. 1996a. Exclusive deal with Reebok brings U. of Wisconsin millions of dollars and unexpected criticism. The Chronicle of Higher Education 43, 2 (September 6): A65–A66.
Naughton, J. 1996c. Hundreds of students lose scholarships in widespread confusion over NCAA rules. The Chronicle of Higher Education 43, 3 (September 27): A49–A50.
Naughton, J. 1996d. A book on the economics of college sports says few programs are financially successful. The Chronicle of Higher Education 43, 7 (October 11): A57–A58.
Naughton, J., and R. Srisavasdi. 1996. Data on funds for men’s and women’s sports become available as new law takes effect. The Chronicle of Higher Education 43, 9 (October 25): A45–A46.
Naughton, Jim. 1996b. Alcohol abuse by athletes poses big problems for colleges. The Chronicle of Higher Education 43, 4 (September 20): A47–A48.
Nauright, John, and Tara Magdalinski. 2002. Religion, race and rugby in ‘Coloured’ Cape Town. In T. Magdalinski and T. J. L. Chandler, eds. With God on their Side: Sport in the Service of Religion (pp. 120–138). London/New York: Routledge.
Nauright, John. 1996a. “A besieged tribe”?: Nostalgia, white cultural identity and the role of rugby in a changing South Africa. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 31, 1: 69–108.
Nauright, John. 1996b. “It’s the world in union”: Rugby tours, the Rugby World Cup, nostalgia and memory in maintaining the “Old (boys)” world order. Paper presented at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Birmingham, AL (November).
Nauright, John. 1997. Masculinity, muscular Islam and popular culture: “Colored” rugby’s cultural symbolism in working class Cape Town c.1930–70. The International Journal of the History of Sport 14, 1: 184–190.
Nauright, John. 1998. Sport, cultures and identities in South Africa. London: Cassell Academic.
Navratilova, M. 1984. Now, you can quote me. World Tennis 31(12):43.
NBC/USA Network. 2005. Homosexuality and sports. Full survey results online at http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/magazine/04/12/survey.expanded/; discussion and partial results in Wertheim, 2005 and Smith, 2005.
NCAA News. 1998. Survey shows increase in deficits. The NCAA News 35(34), 12 Oct, 1 & 25.
NCAA. 1996. 1996 NCAA, Division I graduation-rates report. Overland Park, KS: The National Collegiate Athletic Association.
NCAA. 1999. NCAA Division I graduation-rates report. Indianapolis, IN: NCAA Publications.
NCAA. 1999. NCAA Divisions II and III graduation-rates report. Indianapolis, IN: NCAA Publications.
NCAA. 1999c. Sportsmanship survey. The NCAA News 36(9), 26 April, 2.
NCAA. 2004. A career in professional athletics: A guide for making the transition. Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association; http://www.ncaa.org/wps/portal/.
NCAA. 2005. 2004 Division I Graduation Rates Report. www.ncaa.org/grad_rates/2004/d1/DI.html.
Neal, Wes. 1981. The handbook on athletic perfection. Milford, MI: Mott Media.
Neft, D.S., et al. 1974. The black, Latin, white report. The Sports Encyclopedia (Baseball). Grosset & Dunlap, New York.
Neil, G.I. 1975. Superstitious behavior among ice hockey players and coaches: an explanation. The Physical Educator 32:26–27.
Neil, G.I. 1982. Demystifying sport superstition. International Review of Sport Sociology 17, 1: 99–124.
Neil, G.I., B. Anderson, & W. Sheppard. Superstitions among male and female athletes of various levels of involvement. Journal of Sport Behavior 4, 3: 137–148.
Neinas, Chuck. 2003. 2003 AFCA Player Survey. American Football Coaches Association, www.afca.com/pdf3/46645.pdf?DB_OEM_ID=9300. Retrieved 9/10/2005.
Nelson, J. (ed.). 1990. News: Stereotypes by six. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 61 (8), 9.
Nelson, L. L., and S. Kagan. 1972. Competition: The star spangled scramble. Psychology Today 6(4):53–56, 90–91.
Nelson, Mariah Burton. 1991. Are we winning yet? New York: Random House.
Nelson, Mariah Burton. 1994. The stronger women get, the more men love football: Sexism and the American culture of sports. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company.
Nelson, Mariah Burton. 1998. Embracing victory: Life lessons in competition and compassion. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
Newbery, Liz. 2004. Hegemonic Gender Identity and Outward Bound: Resistance and Re-inscription? Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 13, 1: 36–49.
Newfield, Jack. 2001. The shame of boxing. The Nation 273, 15: 13–22.
Newsweek, 1971. Are sports good for the soul? Newsweek 77, 2 (January 11): 51–52.
Newsweek. 2004. Perspectives: Entertainment. Newsweek 143, 1 (December29/January 5): 122.
Neyer, Rob. 2000. A matter of size. Scientific American 11, 3: 14–15.
NFSHSA. 2005. NFHS 2003–04 High School Athletics Participation Survey. Indianapolis, IN: National Federation of State High School Associations; www.nfhs.org.
NHANES – National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2002. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adults: United States, 1999–2000. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Nichol, Jon P., Patricia Coleman, and B. T. Williams. 1993. Injuries in Sport and Exercise: Main Report, London, The Sports Council.
Niiya, Brian, ed. 2000. More than a game: Sport in the Japanese American community. Los Angeles: Japanese American National Museum.
Nixon, Howard. 1984. Sport and the American Dream. New York: Leisure Press.
Nixon, H Howard L., II. 1991. Accepting the risks and pain of sports injuries: Understanding the nature of “consent” to play. Paper presented at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Milwaukee (November).
Nixon, Howard L., II. 1993a. A social network analysis of influences on athletes to play with pain and injuries. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 16, 2: 127–35.
Nixon, Howard L., II. 1993b. Accepting the risks and pain of injury in sport: Mediated cultural influences on playing hurt. Sociology of Sport Journal 10, 2: 183–96.
Nixon, Howard L., II. 1994a. Coaches’ views of risk, pain, and injury in sport, with special reference to gender differences. Sociology of Sport Journal 11, 1: 79–87.
Nixon, Howard L., II. 1994b. Social pressure, social support, and help seeking for pain and injuries in college sports networks. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 18, 4: 340–55.
Nixon, Howard L., II. 1996a. The relationship of friendship networks, sports experiences, and gender to expressed pain thresholds. Sociology of Sport Journal 13, 1: 78–86.
Nixon, Howard. L., II. 1996b. Explaining pain and injury attitudes and experiences in sport in terms of gender, race, and sports status factors. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 20, 1: 33–44.
Nixon, Howard L., II. 2000. Sport and disability. In J. Coakley & E. Dunning, eds. Handbook of sport studies (pp. 422–438). London: Sage Publications.
Noden, M. 1994. Dying to win. Sports Illustrated, August 8: 53–60.
Noll, R.G. 1974. Attendance and price setting. In R.G. Noll, ed. Government and the sports business. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.
Noll, Roger, and Andrew Zimbalist, eds. 1997. Sports, jobs, and taxes. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
Noonan, David. 2003. High on testosterone. Newsweek 142, 13 (September 29): 50–51.
Norton, K., and M. Wilkerson. 1975. Christianity’s super-salesman: the athlete. Paper presented at the meetings of the Southwestern Sociological Association, San Antonio, Tex.
Nosanchuk, T. A. 1981. The way of the warrior: the effects of traditional martial arts training on aggressiveness. Human Relations 34, 6: 435–44.
Nosanchuk, T.A. 1981. The way of the warrior: the effects of traditional martial arts training on aggressiveness. Human Relations 34, 6: 435–444.
Novak, Michael. 1976. The joy of sports. New York: Basic Books.
NPR. 1996. Morning Edition. National Public Radio (August 1): report from Atlanta.
Nylund, David. 2003. taking a slice at sexism: The controversy over the exclusionary membership practices of the Augusta National Golf Club. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 27, 2: 195–202.
Nylund, David. 2004. When in Rome: Heterosexism, Homophobia, and Sports Talk Radio. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 28: 136–168.
Nyquist, E.B. 1985. The immorality of big-power intercollegiate athletics. In D. Chu, et al., eds. Sport and higher education. Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., Champaign, Ill.
O’Brien, R., and A. Wolff. 1996. The wethead is dead. Sports Illustrated (Scorecard) (August 19): 32.
O’Brien, Richard. 1992. Lord gym. Sports Illustrated 77, 4, (July 27): 46–52.
O’Connor, Karen. 2005. Nike “just doesn’t do it” for women’s soccer. Women’s eNews, http://womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1562/context/archive (retrieved July 18).
O’Neill , Megan. 2004. Policing Football in Scotland: The Forgotten Team. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, 1: 95–104
O’Shea, M. 1995. What’s your take on cheerleaders—Are they athletes? Parade (November 26).
O’Sullivan C. 1991. Acquaintance gang rape on campus. Pp. 120–156 in A. Parrot and L. Bechhofer, eds., Acquaintance rape: The hidden crime. New York: Wiley.
Ogilvie, B., and J. Taylor. 1993. Career termination issues among elite athletes. Pp. 761–75 in R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, and L. K. Tennant, eds. Handbook of research on sport psychology. New York: Macmillan.
Ogilvie, Bruce, and Thomas Tutko. 1966. Problem athletes and how to handle them. Pelham Books, Ltd., London.
Ogilvie, Bruce, and Thomas Tutko. 1971. Sport: if you want to build character, try something else. Psychology Today 5(5):61–63.
Oglesby, Carole. 1978a. Women and sport: from myth to reality. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Oglesby, Carole. 1978b. Women and the sport governance system. In C. Oglesby, ed. Women and sport: from myth to reality. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Oglesby, Carole. 1993. Issues of sport and racism: Where is the white in the Rainbow Coalition? Pp. 251–68 in D. D. Brooks and R. C. Althouse, eds. Racism in college athletics: The African-American athlete’s experience. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.
Oglesby, Carole. and Diana Schrader. 2000. Where is the white in the Rainbow Coalition? In Racism in college athletics: The African-American athlete’s experience (pp. 279–93) edited by D. Brooks and R. Althouse. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.
Okner, B.A. 1974. Subsidies of stadiums and arenas. In R.G. Noll, ed. Government and the sports business. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.
Okubu, Hideaki. 2004. Local identity and sport: Historical study of integration and differentiation. Sankt Augustin, Germany: Academica Verlag.
Oliver, Melvin. 1980. Race, class and the family’s orientation to mobility through sport. Sociological Symposium 30: 62–86.
Oliver, Michael. 1996. Understanding disability: From theory to practice. New York: St. Martins Press.
Omi, Michael and Howard Winant. 1994. Racial formation in the United States. New York/London: Routledge.
Opie, I., and P. Opie. 1969. Children’s games in street and playground. Oxford University Press, Fair Lawn, N.J.
Ordman, V. L., and D. Zillmann. 1994. Women sport reporters: Have they caught up? Journal of Sport & Social Issues 18, 1: 66–75.
Oriard, M. 1993. Reading football. How the popular press created an American spectacle. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
Oriard, M. 2001. Football and education are a team no more. The New York Times, 23 December, S8.
Orlick, Terry. 1978. The cooperative sports and games book. London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative.
Orlick, Terry. 1980. In pursuit of excellence. Coaching Association of Canada, Ottawa.
Orlick, Terry, and Cal Botterill. 1975. Every kid can win. Nelson-Hall Co., Chicago.
Orr, J. 1969. The black athlete. Lion Books, New York.
Orszag, Jonathan M., and Peter R. Orszag. 2005. The empirical effects of collegiate athletics: An update. Indianapolis, IN: National Collegiate Athletic Association.
Osterland, Andrew. 1995. Field of nightmares. Financial World 164, 4 (February 14): 105–107.
Otto, Allison Ann. 2003. Scoring with Latinos. The Denver Post (May 13): 1A.
Otto, L., and D. Alwin. 1977. Athletics, aspirations and attainments. Sociology of Education 42: 102–13.
Ouroussoff, Nicolai. 2005. When the Stadium Makes a Statement. The New York Times, June 19, Section 4: 1; www.nytimes.com/2005/06/19/weekinreview/19stadium.html (retrieved July 20, 2005).
Overdorf, V. G., and K. S. Gill. 1994. Body image, weight and eating concerns, and use of weight control methods among high school female athletes. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal 3, 2: 69–79.
Overman, Steven J. 1997. The influence of the Protestant Ethic on sport and recreation. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.
Oxendine, Joseph B. 1988. American Indian sports heritage. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Ozanian, Michael K. 1995. Following the money. Financial World 164, 4 (February 14): 27–31.
Pace, Enzo. 2007. Fundamentalism. In George Ritzer, eds., Encyclopedia of sociology. London/New York: Blackwell.
Padilla, A., and D. Baumer. 1994. Big-time college sports: Management and economic issues. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 18, 2: 123–43.
Papp, G., and G. Prisztoka. 1995. Sportsmanship as an ethical value. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 30, 3/4: 375–390.
Paraschak, Victoria. 1995. The native sport and recreation program, 1972–1981: Patterns of resistance, patterns of reproduction. Canadian Journal of History of Sport (December): 1–18.
Paraschak, Victoria. 1997. Variations in race relations: Sporting events for Native Peoples in Canada. Sociology of Sport Journal 14, 1: 1–21.
Paraschak, Victoria. 1999. Doing race, doing gender: First Nations, ‘sport’, and gender relations. In P. White & K. Young, eds. Sport and gender in Canada (pp. 153–169). Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press.
Parente, D.E. 1977. The interdependence of sport and television. J. Communication 27(3):128–132.
Parkhouse, B.L., and J. Lapin, 1980. The woman in athletic administration. Goodyear Publishing Co., Santa Monica, Calif.
Parkhouse, Bonnie. L., and Jean M. Williams 1986. Differential effects of sex and status on elevation of coaching ability. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 57, 1: 53–59.
Parrish, Paula. 2002. The height of gaining an edge. Rocky Mountain News (September 21): 1B, 12B–13B.
Parry, Matthew, and Dominic Malcolm, 2004. England’s Barmy Army: Commercialization, Masculinity and Nationalism. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, 1: 75–94.
Pascall, B. with S. White. 2000. Eliminating violence in hockey in British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: BC Amateur Hockey Association.
Passer, M.W. 1982. Children in sport: participation motives and psychological stress. Quest 33, 2: 231–244.
Passmore, D. L., C. Pellock, and G. Wang. 1996. Ballpark estimates: Impact of the 1994 baseball strike on the Pennsylvania economy. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 20, 2: 161–72.
Pastore, Donna L. 1994. Strategies for retaining female high school head coaches: A survey of administrators and coaches. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 18, 2: 169–82.
Pastore, Donna L., Sue Inglis, and Karen E. Danylchuk. 1996. Retention factors in coaching and athletic management: Differences by gender, position, and geographic location. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 20, 4: 427–41.
Pastore, Donna L., and M.R. Judd. 1992. Burnout in coaches of women’s team sports. JOPERD 63(5):74–79.
Patrick, Dick. 1991. Star decathlete defies easy labels. USA Today (December 16). Special issue: Race & Sports—Myth & Reality.
Patrick, Dick. 2002a. Let the kids play. USA Today (26 July): 1C–2C.
Patrick, Dick. 2002b. U.S. Anti-Doping Agency willing to administer testing for baseball. USA Today (June 14): 6C.
Patrick, Dick. 2005. USOC lobbies for anti-doping agency funds. USA Today (May 25): 7C.
Patriksson, G. 1987. Theoretical and empirical analysis of drop-outs from youth sport in Sweden. Paper presented at the ICHPER World Conference, Vancouver, B.C.
PBS. 2005. Gays in sports. On Point produced by WBUR (Boston), Aired: Friday, April 22; online at www.onpointradio.org/shows/2005/04/gays-in-sports/ (retrieved July, 2005).
Pearman, W. A. 1978. Race on the sports page. Review of Sport and Leisure 3, 2: 54–68.
Pearson, D. W. 1999. The rodeo cowboy: Cultural icon, athlete, or entrepreneur? Journal of Sport and Social Issues 23 (3): 308–327.
Pearson, D. W., and C. A. Haney. 2000. The rodeo cowboy as an American icon: The perceived social and cultural significance. Journal of American Culture 22 (4): 17–21.
Pearton, R. 1990. A critical review of sociological explanations of football hooliganism and an empirical analysis of the phenomenon. Research report, Sport Science Department, Christ Church College, Canterbury, England.
Pedersen , Paul Mark. 2002. Examining Equity in Newspaper Photographs: A Content Analysis of the Print Media Photographic Coverage of Interscholastic Athletics. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 37, 4: 303–318.
Pelak, Cynthia Fabrizio . 2002. Women’s collective identity formation in sports: A case study from women’s ice hockey. Gender and Society 16, 1: 93–114.
Pelak, Cynthia Fabrizio . 2005a. Negotiating gender/race/class constraints in the new South Africa: A case study of women’s soccer. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 40, 1: 53–70.
Pelak, Cynthia Fabrizio. 2005b. Athletes as agents of change: An examination of shifting race relations within women’s netball in post-apartheid South Africa. Sociology of Sport Journal 22, 1: 59–77
Pennington, Bill. 2004. Reading, Writing and Corporate Sponsorships. The New York Times, Section A (October 18): 1.
Pennington, Bill. 2005. Doctors see a big rise in injuries for young athletes. The New York Times, Section A (February 22): 1
Pepitone, E. 1980. Children in cooperation and competition. Lexington Books, Lexington, Mass.
Peretti-Watel, Patrick, Valérie Guagliardo, Pierre Verger, Jacques Pruvost, Patrick Mignon, and Yolande Obadia. 2004b. Risky behaviours among young elite-student-athletes: results from a pilot survey in South-Eastern France. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, 2: 233–244.
Peretti-Watel, Patrick, Valérie Guagliardo, Pierre Verger, Patrick Mignon, Jacques Pruvost, and Yolande Obadia. 2004a. Attitudes toward doping and recreational drug use among French elite student-athletes. Sociology of Sport Journal 21, 1: 1–17.
Perlmutter, David D. 2003. Black athletes and white professors: A twilight zone of uncertainty. The Chronicle of Higher Education 50, 7 (October 10): http://chronicle.com/weekly/v50/i07/07b00701.htm.
Perman, Stacy. 1998. The master blasts the board. Time 151 (January 19): 61.
Perrottet, Tone. 2004. The naked Olympics: The true story of the ancient games. New York: Random House.
Perrucci, Robert, and Earl Wysong. 2003. The new class society. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Petrecca, Laura. 2005. Marketers tackle participants in fantasy football. USA Today (August 25): 3B.
Pettavino, P., and P. Brenner. 1999. More than just a game. Peace Review 11, 4: 523–530.
Pfister, G. 1989. Women in the Olympics (1952–1980): An analysis of German newspapers (Beauty awards vs. gold medals). Pp. 11/27–11/34 in R. Jackson and T. McPhail, eds., The Olympic movement and the mass media. Calgary, Alberta: Hurford Enterprises Ltd.
Pfister, G. 2001. Doing Sport in a Headscarf? German Sport and Turkish Females. In: Journal of Sport History 27: 401–428.
Phelps, R. (“Digger”). 1983. Winning is not the only thing. Parade Magazine, pp. 11–12, July 10.
Phillip, M.-C. 1993. An uneven playing field. Black Issues in Higher Education 10, 20: 24–29.
Phillips, B. 1997. Sports supplement review (3rd issue). Golden, CO: Mile High Publishing.
Phillips, D. P. 1983. The impact of mass media violence on U.S. homicides. American Sociological Review 48, 4: 560–68.
Phillips, John C. 1979. The impact of secondary school sports participation on academic achievement. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Sociological Association, Boston.
Phillips, John C. 1983. Race and career opportunities in Major League baseball: 1960–1980. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 7, 2: 1–17.
Phillips, M. J. 1988. Disability and ethnicity in conflict: a study in transformation. In M. Fine and A. Asch, eds. Women with disabilities: Essays in psychology, culture, and politics. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Phillips, Murray G., and Brett Hutchins. 2003. Losing Control of the Ball: The Political Economy of Football and the Media in Australia. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 27, 3: 215–232.
Picou, Steven, V. McCarter, and Frank Howell. 1985. Do high school athletics pay? some further evidence. Sociology of Sport Journal 2, 1:2–76.
Pike, Elizabeth C. J. 2004. Risk, pain, and injury: “A natural thing in rowing”? In Kevin Young, ed. Sporting bodies, damaged selves: Sociological studies of sports-related injury (pp. 151–162). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Pike, Elizabeth C. J., and Simon K. Beames. (2007). A Critical Interactionist Analysis of ‘Youth Development’ Expeditions. Leisure Studies 26, 2: 147–159.
Pike, Elizabeth C.J., and Joseph A. Maguire. 2003. Injury in women’s sport: Classifying key elements of “risk encounters”. Sociology of Sport Journal 20, 3: 232–251.
Pilz, Gunther. 1979. Attitudes toward different forms of violent and aggressive behavior in competitive sports: two empirical studies. Journal of Sport Behavior 2, 1: 3–26.
Pilz, Gunther A. 1996. Social factors influencing sport and violence: On the “problem” of football hooliganism in Germany. International Review for Sociology of Sport 31, 1: 49–68.
Pipe, Andrew L. 1993. J. B. Wolffe Memorial Lecture. Sport, science, and society: ethics in sports medicine. Med Science Sports Exercise (MG8), 25, 8 (August): 888–900.
Pipe, Andrew. 1998. Reviving ethics in sports. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 26, 6 (June): 39–40.
Platt, Larry. 2002. New jack jocks: Rebels, race, and the American athlete. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Play Fair. 2008. Clearing the hurdles: Steps to improving wages and working conditions in the global sportswear industry. Written by the Maquila Solidarity Network On behalf of the Play Fair 2008 Campaign (April); online, www.playfair2008.org/docs/Clearing_the_Hurdles.pdf.
Plotz, David. 2000. Does God care who wins the Super Bowl? The Denver Post (February 13): 6G.
Pluto, Terry. 1995. Falling from grace: Can pro basketball be saved? New York: Simon & Schuster.
Podilchak, W. 1982. Youth sport involvement: impact on informal game participation. In A.O. Dunleavy, A. Miracle, and R. Rees, eds. Studies in the sociology of sport. Texas Christian University Press, Fort Worth, Tex.
Pollitt, Katha. 2001. Summer follies. The Nation 273 (8), 17/24 September, 10.
Polsky, S. 1998. Winning medicine: professional sports team doctors’ conflicts of interest. Journal of Contemporary Health Law Policy (IDD), Spring; 14 (2): 503–29.
Ponomaryov, N. I. 1981. Sport and society. Translated by J. Riordan. Moscow: Progress Publishers (and Chicago: Imported Publications, Inc.).
Pope, H.G., and D.L. Katz. 1988. Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use. American Journal of Psychiatry 145, 4: 487–490.
Poppen, Julie. 2004. Pro performance. Rocky Mountain News (March 31): 6B.
Porterfield, Kitty. 1999. Late to the line: Starting sport competition as an adult. In Jay Coakley and Peter Donnelly, eds., Inside Sports (pp. 37–45). London: Routledge.
Positive Coaching Alliance. 2004. Connector 15 (September), p. 1 (email version)
Potter, J. 2002. Thorpe looks at old ways to bring blacks to game. USA Today, 26 June, 12C.
Poulton, Emma. 2004. Mediated Patriot Games: The Construction and Representation of National Identities in the British Television Production of Euro ‘96. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, 4: 437–455.
Powers-Beck, Jeffrey P. 2004. The American Indian integration of baseball. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Prebish, C. S. 1992. “Heavenly Father, Divine Goalie”: Sport and religion. Pp. 43–54 in S. Hoffman (ed.), Sport and religion. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Prebish, C. S. 1993. Religion and sport: The meeting of sacred and profane. Westport CT: Greenwood.
Prebish, C.S. 1984. “Heavenly Father, Divine Goalie,” sport and religion. Antioch Review 42, 3: 306–318.
President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. 1997. Physical activity & sport in the lives of girls. Minneapolis, MN: Center for Research on Girls and Women in Sport, University of Minnesota.
Preves, Sharon E. 2005. Intersex and identity: The contested self. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutger University Press
Price, Michael, and Andrew Parker. 2003. Sport, sexuality, and the gender order: Amateur Rugby Union, gay men, and social exclusion. Sociology of Sport Journal 20, 2: 108–126.
Price. S. L. 1997. What ever happened to the white athlete? Sports Illustrated 87, 23 (December 8): 31–55.
Price, S. L. 2002a. Indian wars: The campaign against Indian nicknames and mascots presumes that they offend Native Americans - but do they? Sports Illustrated 96, 10 (March 4): 66–70.
Price, S. L. 2002b. The savior of South Bend. Sports Illustrated 97, 13 (September 30): 38–44.
Price, S. L. 2002c. The Ichiro paradox. Sports Illustrated 97, 2 (July 8): 50–56.
Price, S. L. 2004. Flag jumper. Sports Illustrated 101, 8 (August 30): 54–56.
Price, S. L. 2005. The sprinter. Sports Illustrated 102, 21 (May 23): 52–61
Pringle, R. 2001. Competing discourses: Narratives of a fragmented self, manliness and Rugby Union. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 36 (4): 425–440.
Prisuta, R.A. 1979. Televised sports and political values. Journal of Communication 29, 1: 95–102.
Pritchard, T. 1984. The Dean and his students. Family Weekly, March 11:13–17.
Promis, David, Nirmala Erevelles, and Jerry Matthews. 2001. Reconceptualizing inclusion: The politics of university sports and recreation programs for students with mobility impairments. Sociology of Sport Journal 18, 1: 37–50.
Pronger, Brian. 1990. The arena of masculinity: Sports, homosexuality, and the meaning of sex. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Pronger, Brian. 1996. Sport and masculinity: The estrangement of gay men. Pp. 410–23 in D. S. Eitzen, ed. Sport in contemporary society. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Pronger, Brian. 1999. Fear and trembling: Homophobia in men’s sport. In P. White & K. Young, eds. Sport and gender in Canada (pp. 182–197). Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press.
Pronger, Brian. 2002. Body fascism: salvation in the technology of physical fitness. Toronto/Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.
Purdy, Dean, ed. 1987. Sport and the student-athlete. ARENA Review 11, 2: special issue.
Purdy, Dean. 1988. For whom sport tolls: players, owners, and fans. The World & I 3, 10: 573–587.
Purdy, Dean, Wilbert M. Leonard, II, and D. Stanley Eitzen. 1994. A reexamination of salary discrimination in major league baseball by race/ethnicity. Sociology of Sport Journal 11, 1: 60–69.
Putler, D.S., & R.A. Wolfe. 1999. Perceptions of intercollegiate athletic programs: Priorities and tradeoffs. Sociology of Sport Journal 16(4), 301–325.
Putney, Clifford. 2003. Muscular Christianity: Manhood and sports in protestant America. 1880–1920. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Pyros, J. 1987. Review of J. Feinstein. 1986. A season on the brink. Arete: A Journal of Sport Literature 5, 1: 204–205.
Q and A. 2003. Alana Beard. Sports Illustrated 99, 21 (December 1): 28.
Quirk, J., and R. D. Fort. 1992. Pay dirt: The business of professional team sports. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rabey, S. 1992. Competing for souls in Barcelona. Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph, August 8.
Raboin, Sharon. 1998. A family torn apart. USA Today, Dec. 9, 1C–2C.
Raboin, Sharon. 1999. Bela is back on U.S. team. USA Today (November 16): 1A–2A.
Rader, Benjamin. 1984. In its own image: how television has transformed sports. Free Press, New York.
Rader, Benjamin G. 1983. American sports. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Rail, Geneviève. 1998. Sport and postmodern times. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Rainville, R. E., and E. McCormick. 1977. Extent of covert racial prejudice in pro football announcers’ speech. Journalism Quarterly 54, 1: 20–26.
Rainville, R.E., and E. McCormick. 1977. Extent of covert racial prejudice in pro football announcers’ speech. Journalism Quarterly 54, 1: 20–26.
Raji, K. 1992. The battle for a brave new world has just begun: TEAMWORK South Africa hope for positive change. Center for the Study of Sport in Society (CSSS) Digest 4, 3: 1, 5.
Ralbovsky, M. 1974. Destiny’s darlings. New York, NY: Hawthorn Books, Inc.
Ramsamy, S. 1984. Apartheid, boycotts and the Games. In A. Tomlinson and G. Whannel (eds.), Five ring circus: Money, power and politics at the Olympic Games (pp. 44–52). London: Pluto Press.
Randels Jr., George D., and Beal, Becky. 2002. What makes a man?: Religion, sport, and negotiating masculine identity in the Promise Keepers. In T. Magdalinski, T. and T. J. L. Chandler, eds. With God on their Side: Sport in the Service of Religion (pp. 160–176). London/New York: Routledge.
Rankin, J. H. 1980. School factors and delinquency: interactions by age and sex. Sociology and Social Research 64, 3: 420–434.
Rayl, S. 1996. Dents in the color line: Professional basketball in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Birmingham, AL (November).
Real Michael. R. 1998. MediaSport: Technology and the commodification of postmodern sport. In L. A. Wenner, ed. MediaSport (pp. 14–26). London/NY: Routledge.
Real, M. R. 1989. Super media: A cultural studies approach. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Real, Michael. R. 1996. The postmodern Olympics: Technology and the commodification of the Olympic movement. Quest 48, 1: 9–24.
Redhead, S., ed. 1993. The passion and the fashion: Football fandom in the New Europe. Aldershot, England: Avebury.
Redmond, G. 1973. A plethora of shrines: sport in the museum and hall of fame. Quest 19, 1: 41–48.
Rees, C. Roger. 1996. Race and sport in global perspective. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 20, 1: 22–32.
Rees, C. Rogter, Frank M. Howell, and Andrew W. Miracle. 1990. Do high school sports build character? Journal of Social Science 27, 3: 303–315.
Rees, C. Roger, and Andrew W. Miracle. 2000. Sport and Education. In J. Coakley and E. Dunning, eds. Handbook of sports studies (pp. 291–308). London: Sage.
Reich, A. A. 1974. International understanding through sports. U.S. Department of State Bulletin 70: 460–465.
Reid, E. 1997. My body, my weapon, my shame. Gentlemen’s Quarterly (September), 361–367.
Reid, L. N., and L. C. Solely. 1979. Sports Illustrated’s coverage of women in sports. Journalism Quarterly 56, 4: 861–863.
Reid, S. M. 1996. The selling of the Games. The Denver Post (July 21) 4BB.
Reilly, Rick. 1995. Order on the court. Sports Illustrated 83, 21: 136.
Reilly, Rick. 2004. Another victim at Colorado. Sports Illustrated (February 16): online, http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/writers/rick_reilly/02/16/hnida/index.html.
Reilly, Rick. 2004. The silent treatment. Sports Illustrated 101, 20 (November 22): 144.
Reilly, Rick. 2005. Half the Size, Twice the Man. Sports Illustrated 103,13 (October 3): 90.
Reiss, S. 1998. Sports and the American Jew. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Rejeski, W., et al. 1979. Pygmalion in youth sport: a field study. Journal of Sport Psychology 1, 4: 311–319.
Renck, T. E. 2002. For richer or poorer. The Denver Post, 10 March, 1C.
Retton, Mary Lou. 1992. Family a big matter for every Olympian. USA Today, August 5: 6E.
Rice, Ron (with David Fleming). 2005. Moment of impact. ESPN, The Magazine 8.11 (June 6): 82–83.
Richards, Donald G. 2003. A (Utopian?) Socialist Proposal for the Reform of Major League Baseball. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 27, 3: 308–324.
Richmond, P. 1986. Weighing the odds. Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph, January 19: F1–F4.
Richtel, Matt. 2005. A new reality in video games: Advertisements. The New York Times, April 11: C1.
Riesman, David, and Reuel Denny. 1951. Football in America: A study of cultural diffusion. American Quarterly (Winter): 302–325.
Rigauer, Bero. 2000. Marxist theories. In J. Coakley and E. Dunning, eds. Handbook of sports studies (pp. 28–47). London: Sage.
Riggs, Marlon T. 1991. Color adjustment (video tape). San Francisco: California Newsreel.
Rimer, Edward. 1996. Discrimination in major league baseball: Hiring standards for major league managers, 1975–1994. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 20, 2: 118–33.
Rinehart, Robert E. 1998. Players all: Performances in contemporary sport. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Rinehart, Robert E. 2000. Emerging arriving sport: Alternatives to formal sports. In Jay Coakley and Eric Dunning, eds. Handbook of sports studies (pp. 504–519). London: Sage.
Rinehart, Robert E., and Synthia Syndor, eds. 2003. To the extreme: Alternative sports inside and out. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Rinehart, Robert, and Chris Grenfell, 1999. Icy relations: Parental involvement in youth figure skating. Paper presented at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Cleveland (November).
Rinehart, Robert, and Chris Grenfell. 2002. BMX spaces: Children’s grass roots’ courses and corporate-sponsored tracks. Sociology of Sport Journal 19, 3: 302–314.
Rinehart, Robert. 2005. “Babes” and boards. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 29, 3: 232–255.
Rintala, Jan, and Judith Bischoff. 1997. Persistent resistance: Leadership positions for women in Olympic sport governing bodies. OLYMPIKA: The International Journal of Olympic Studies 6, 1–24.
Riordan, James. 1985. Some comparisons of women’s sport in East and West. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 20, 1/2: 117–126.
Riordan, James. 1993. Soviet-style sport in Eastern Europe: The end of an era. In L. Allison, ed. The changing politics of sport (pp. 37–57). Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
Riordan, James. 1996. Introduction. In Arnd Krüger and James Riordan, eds. The story of worker sport (pp. vii–x). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Risman, Barbara, and Pepper Schwartz. 2002. After the sexual revolution: gender politics in teen dating. Contexts 1, 1: 16–24.
Ritzer, George. 1999. Enchanting a disenchanted world: Revolutionizing the means of consumption. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Ritzer, George. 2000. The globalization of McDonaldization (New Century Edition). Xxx: Pine Forge Press.
Ritzer, George. 2005. Enchanting a disenchanted world: Revolutionizing the means of consumption (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Robbins, Blaine. 2004. “That’s cheap.” The rational invocation of norms, practices, and an ethos in Ultimate Frisbee. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 28, 3: 314–337.
Robbins, R. 1996. Josh Davis: Overcoming the trials. Sports Spectrum (June): 20–21.
Roberts, Glyn. 1983. Understanding the motivation of children in competitive sport: the problem of dropping out. Paper presented at the National Recreation and Parks Association Fourth National Forum on Youth Sports, Chicago.
Roberts, Glyn et al. 1981. An analysis of motivation in children’s sport: the role of perceived competence in participation. Journal of Sport Psychology 3, 3: 206–216.
Roberts, John J. 2004. Ready to rumble. The Coloradoan (November 9): D3.
Roberts, Selena, 2004. Augusta can’t shield corporate executives from Burk. The New York Times (April 8): D1
Roberts, Selena. 2005. Big Boosters Calling the Shots on Campus. The New York Times, Section 8 (January 2): 1
Robertson, I. 1987. Sociology. Worth Publishers, Inc., New York.
Robidoux, Michael. 2004. Narratives of Race Relations in Southern Alberta: An Examination of Conflicting Sporting Practices. Sociology of Sport Journal 21, 3:
Robinson, Jackie. 1972. I never had it made. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Robinson, Laura. 1997. She shoots, she scores: Canadian perspectives on women in sport. Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.
Robinson, Laura. 1998. Crossing the line: Violence and sexual assault in Canada’s national sport. Toronto, ON: McClelland & Stewart, Inc.
Robinson, M. J., and G. T. Trail. 2005. Relationships among spectator gender, motives, points of attachment, and sport preference. Journal of Sport Management 19, 1: 58–80.
Robinson, T.T., and A.V. Carron. 1982. Personal and situational factors associated with dropping out versus maintaining participation in competitive sport. Journal of Sport Psychology 4, 4: 364–378.
Robson, Douglas. 2005. U.S. women’s future looks thin. USA Today (3/30): 7C.
Rodman, D. (with T. Keown). 1996. Bad as I wanna be. New York: Delacorte Press.
Rodriguez, R. 1993. Dispelling the myths of Latinos in sports. Black Issues in Higher Education 10, 20: 30–31.
Rogers, C. 1972. Sports, religion and politics: the renewal of an alliance. Christian Century 89, 14: 392–394.
Romano, L. 1995. The reliable source. The Washington Post, 11 January, C3
Roper, L.D., and K. Snow. 1976. Correlation studies of academic excellence and big-time athletics. International Review of Sport Sociology 11, 3: 57–68.
Rose, A., & J. Friedman. 1997. Television sports as Mas(s)culine cult of distraction. Pp. 1–15 in Aaron Baker and Todd Boyd, eds. Out of bounds: Sports, media, and the politics of identity. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Rose, C. 1996. Ropin’, ridin’, and religion. Colorado Springs Gazette, February 3: F1–F2.
Rosen, L.W. et al. 1986. Pathogenic weight-control behavior in female athletes. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 14, 1: 79–84.
Rosenau, Pauline Vaillancourt. 2003. The competition paradigm: America’s romance with conflict, contest, and commerce. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Rosentraub, M. 1997. Major league losers: The real cost of sports and who’s paying for them. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
Ross, J., and R. R. Pate. 1987. A summary of findings (for the National Children and Youth Fitness Study II). Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance 58, 9: 51–56.
Roth, Amanda, and Susan A. Basow. 2004. Femininity, sports, and feminism: Developing a theory of physical liberation. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 28, 3: 245–265.
Routon, Ralph. 1991. The standard of a new age. Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph, 2 June, C1.
Roversi, Antonio. 1994. The birth of the “ultras”: The rise of football hooliganism in Italy. In R. Giulianotti and J. Williams, eds. Game without frontiers: Football, identity and modernity (pp. 359–81). Aldershot, England: Arena, Ashgate.
Rowe, David. 1999. Sport, culture and the media: The unholy trinity. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
Rowe , David. 2003. Sport and the Repudiation of the Global. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38, 3: 281–294.
Rowe, David. 2004a. Sport, culture and the media: the unruly trinity (2nd edition). Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press.
Rowe, David, ed. 2004b. Sport, culture and the media: Critical readings. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press
Rowe, David, Jim McKay, & Toby Miller. 1998. Come together: Sport, nationalism, and the media image. In L. A. Wenner, ed. MediaSport (pp. 119–133). London/NY: Routledge.
Rozin, S. 1994. Steroids and sports: What price glory? Business Week, October 17: 176.
Rozin, S. 1995. Steroids: A spreading peril. Business Week, June 19: 138–41.
Ruck, Rob. 1987. Sandlot seasons: Sport in black Pittsburgh. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Rudin, A.J. 1972. America’s new religion. The Christian Century 89, 14: 384.
Ruibal, S. 1999. MTV takes a giant leap with sports festival. USA Today, Nov. 12, 24C.
Ruibal, S. 2002. Super 25 a private domain. USA Today, 19 November, 1C, 10C.
Rusaso, R. D. 1999. Root, root, root for the home team. The Denver Post, 14 June, D1, D7.
Russell, G. W., S. L. DiLullo, and D. DiLullo. 1988–1989. Effects of observing competitive and violent versions of a sport. Current Psychology 7, 4: 312–21.
Russell, G. W. 1983. Psychological issues in sports aggression. In J. Goldstein, ed. Sport violence. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Russo, R. D. 1999. Root, root, root for the home team. The Denver Post (June 14): D1, D7.
Ryan, Joan. 1995. Little girls in pretty boxes: The making and breaking of elite gymnasts and figure skaters. New York: Doubleday.
Ryan, T. T., and F. D. Prior. 1976. Sex cues in estimating and performing a simple motor task. Perception and Motor Skills 43, 2: 547–552.
Sabo, Donald. 1986. Pigskin, patriarchy and male identity. Changing Men: Issues in Gender, Sex and Politics 16 (summer): 24–25.
Sabo, Donald. 1988. Title IX and athletics: sex equity in schools. Updating School Board Policies 19, 10: 1–3.
Sabo, Donald. 1994. Pigskin, patriarchy, and pain. Pp. 82–88 in M. Messner and D. Sabo, eds. Sex, violence & power in sports. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
Sabo, Donald, and Sue Curry Jansen. 1994. Seen but not heard: Black men in sports media. Pp. 150–60 in M. A. Messner and D. Sabo, eds. Sex, violence & power in sports. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
Sabo, Donald, and Sue Curry Jansen. 1998. Prometheus unbound: Constructions of masculinity in sports media. In Lawrence A. Wenner, ed. MediaSport (pp. 202–220). London: Routledge.
Sabo, Don., Sue Curry Jansen, Danny Tate, Margaret Carlisle Duncan, and Susan Leggett. 1996. Televising international sport: Race, ethnicity, and nationalistic bias. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 20, 1: 7–21.
Sabo, Donald, and Merrill J. Melnick. 1996. Research on sport and adolescent reproductive behavior: Some preliminary findings. Women in sport & Physical Activity Journal 5, 2: 99–104.
Sabo, Donald, Merrill J. Melnick, and B. E. Vanfossen. 1993. High school athletic participation and postsecondary educational and occupational mobility: A focus on race and gender. Sociology of Sport Journal 10, 1: 44–56.
Sabo, Donald, Kathleen E. Miller, Merrill J. Melnick, and Leslie Heywood. 2004. Her life depends on it: Sport, physical activity, and the health and well-being of American girls. East Meadow, NY: Women’s Sport Foundation.
Sabo, Don, Kathleen E. Miller, Merrill J. Melnick, Michael P. Farrell, and Grace M. Barnes. 2005. High school athletic participation and adolescent suicide: A nationwide study. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 40, 1: 5–23.
Sabo, Don, Kathleen Miller, Michael Farrell, Grace Barnes, & Merrill. Melnick. 1998. The Women’s Sports Foundation report: Sport and teen pregnancy. East Meadows, NY: Women’s Sport Foundation.
Sabo, Donald F., and Ross Runfola. 1980. Jock: sports and male identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Sabock, R.J. 1979. The coach. Philadelphia, PS: W.B. Saunders,
Sabock, R.J., and D. Jones. 1978. The coaching profession: its effects on the coach’s family. Coaching Review 1, 6: 4–13.
Sachs, Carolyn J. and Lawrence D. Chu. 2000. The association between professional football games and domestic violence in Los Angeles County. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 15: 1192–1201.
Sack, Allen. 1987. College sport and the student-athlete. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 11, 1/2: 31–48.
Sack, Allen, and Robert Thiel. 1979. College football and social mobility: A case study of Notre Dame football players. Sociology of Education 52, 1: 60–66.
Sack, Allen, and Robert Thiel. 1985. College basketball and role conflict: a national study. Sociology of Sport Journal 2, 3: 195–209.
Sack, Allen L., & Ellen J. Staurowsky. 1998. College athletes for hire: The evolution and legacy of the NCAA’s amateur myth. Westport, CT: Praeger
Sadler, W.A. 1977. Alienated youth and creative sports experiences. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 4: 83–95.
Sadowski, Rick. 2005. Moore strikes back. Rocky Mountain News (February 18): 1C, 7C
Safai, Parissa. 2003. Healing the body in the “culture of risk”: Examining the negotiation of treatment between sport medicine clinicians and injured athletes in Canadian intercollegiate sport. Sociology of Sport Journal 20, 2: 127–146.
Sage, George H. 1974a. Machiavellianism among college and high school coaches. In G.H. Sage, ed. Sport and American society. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass.
Sage, George H. 1974b. Value orientations of American college coaches compared to male college students and businessmen. In G.H. Sage, ed. Sport and American society. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass.
Sage, George H. 1975a. Socialization of coaches: antecedents to coaches’ beliefs and behaviors. In 78th Proceedings of the National Collegiate Physical Education Association for Men, Washington, D.C.
Sage, George H. 1975b. An occupational analysis of the college coach. In Donald W. Ball and John Loy, eds. Sport and social order. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass.
Sage, George H. 1980a. Women in sport: cooptation or liberation? In G.H. Sage, ed. Sport and American society. 3rd ed. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass.
Sage, George H. 1980b. Sociology of physical educator/coaches: the personal attributes controversy. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 51, 1: 110–121.
Sage, George H. 1981. On limited definitions of equality in sport. Phi Delta Kappan 62, 8: 583–585.
Sage, George H. 1987. The social world of high school coaches: multiple role demands and their consequences. Sociology of Sport Journal 4, 3: 213–228.
Sage, George H. 1988. Sports participation as a builder of character? The World & I 3, 10: 629–641.
Sage, George H., ed. 1993a. Sociocultural aspects of sport and physical activity: A critical perspective. Quest 45, 2 (special issue).
Sage, George H. 1993b. Stealing home: Political, economic, and media power and a publicly funded baseball stadium in Denver. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 17, 2: 110–24.
Sage, George H. 1996a. Patriotic images and capitalist profit: Contradictions of professional team sports licensed merchandise. Sociology of Sport Journal 13, 1: 1–11.
Sage, George H. 1996b. Public policy in the public interest: Pro franchises and sports facilities that are really “yours”. Pp. 264–74 in D. Stanley Eitzen, ed. Sport in contemporary society. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Sage, George H. 1998a. Does sport affect character development in athletics? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance 69, 1: 15–18.
Sage, George H. 1998b. Power and ideology in American sport: A critical perspective. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Sage, George H. 1999. Justice do it! The Nike transnational advocacy network: Organization, collective actions, and outcomes. Sociology of Sport Journal 16, 3: 206–235.
Sage, George H. 2000. Political economy and sport. In Jay Coakley and Eric Dunning, eds. Handbook of sports studies (pp. 260–276). London: Sage Publications.
Sailer, Steve. 2003. Commentary: A unique aspect of Arnold. United Press International Release, August 15; www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20030811-101222-8174r (retrieved June, 2005).
Sailes, Gary A. 1993. An investigation of campus stereotypes: The myth of black athletic superiority and the dumb jock stereotype. Sociology of Sport Journal 10, 1: 88–97.
Sailes, Gary A. 1998. The African American athlete: Social myths and stereotypes. In G. Sailes, ed. African Americans in sport (pp. 183–198). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Salwen, M. B., and N. Wood. 1994. Depictions of female athletes on Sports Illustrated covers, 1957–1989. Journal of Sport Behavior 17, 2: 98–107.
Sam, Michael P. 2003. What’s the Big Idea? Reading the Rhetoric of a National Sport Policy Process. Sociology of Sport Journal 20, 3: 189–213.
SAMHSA – Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration. 2002. The 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Team sports participation and substance use among youths. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA. www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k2/athletes/athletes_DrugUse.htm. Accessed 2/15/2009.
Sammond, Nicholas, ed. 2005. Steel chair to the head: The pleasure and pain of professional wrestling. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Sanchez, Robert. 2003. Holding back boosters. Rocky Mountain News (November 10): 20–21A.
Sanday, P. 1990. Fraternity gang rapes: Sex, brotherhood, and privilege on campus. New York: New York University Press.
Sandomir, Richard. 1996. Word for word: The Jackson-Rodman papers. New York Times, 9 June, Section 4, p. 7.
Sandomir, Richard. 2002. Athletes may next seek genetic enhancement. The New York Times (March 21): http://nytimes.com/2002/03/21/sports/othersports/21DRUG.html.
Sands, Robert R. 1995. Instant acceleration: Living in the fast lane—The cultural identity of speed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Sapolsky, Robert M. 2000. It’s not all in the genes. Newsweek 135, 15 (April 10): 68.
Saporito, Bill. 2004. Why fans and players are playing so rough. Time 164, 23 (December 6): 30–34.
Saraceno, Jon. 2005. Native Americans aren’t fair game for nicknames. USA Today (June 1): 10C.
Sato, Daisuke, 2005. Sport and identity in Tunisia. International Journal of Sport and Health Science 3: 27–34 (www.shobix.co.jp/ijshs/tempfiles/journal/3/20040072.pdf)
Saunders, Patrick. 2001. Nasty boys. The Denver Post (January 28): 1I–2I.
Saunders, Patrick. 2005. NFL policy on drugs questioned. The Denver Post, 4/12: 5D.
Savage, Howard, ed. 1929. American college athletics (Bulletin No. 23). Carnegie Foundation, New York.
Savage, Howard J., ed. 1929. American college athletics. Bulletin No. 23. New York: Carnegie Foundation.
Savage, Jeff. 1997. A sure thing? Sports and gambling. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications.
Sawyer, Tom (ed.) 1992. Coaching education in North America. Special feature in Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance 63, 7: 34–64.
Scanlon, Tara K., and Michael W. Passer. 1978. Factors related to competitive stress among male youth sport participants. Med. Sci. Sports 10, 2: 103–108.
Scanlon, Tara K., and Michael W. Passer. 1979. Sources of competitive stress in young female athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology 1, 2: 151–159.
Schaap, Dick. 1982. The man who would not fight. Parade Magazine, pp. 4–7, May 9.
Schafer, Walter E. 1969. Some social sources and consequences of interscholastic athletics: the case of participation and delinquency. In G. Kenyon, ed. Aspects of contemporary sport sociology. Chicago, IL: The Athletic Institute.
Schaller, Bob. 2005. Toni Davis. Online, http://blackathlete.net/artman2/publish/Swimming_34/Toni_Davis_510.shtml (retrieved December 3, 2005).
Scheerder, Jeroen., Bart Vanreusel, Marijke Taks, and Roland. Renson. 2002. Social sports stratification in Flanders, 1969–1999: Intergenerational reproduction of social inequalities? International Review for the Sociology of Sport 37, 2: 219–246.
Schefter, Adam. 2002. Players facing ban of ephedra. The Denver Post, 14 June, 1D, 7D.
Schefter, Adam. 2003. Chris Evert. The Denver Post, August 31: 4CC.
Schefter, Adam. 2003. Working through the pain. The Denver Post (December 7): 1J, 6J.
Scheinin, Richard. 1994. Field of screams: The dark underside of America’s national pastime. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Schell, “Beez” Lea Ann, and Stephanie Rodriguez. 2001. Subverting bodies/ambivalent representations: Media analysis of Paralympian, Hope Lewellen. Sociology of Sport Journal 18, 1: 127–135.
Scher, J. 1993. Mr. Dirty. Sports Illustrated 78 (8): 40–42.
Scherer, Jay, and Steven Jackson. 2004. From corporate welfare to national interest: Newspaper analysis of the public subsidization of NHL Hockey debate in Canada. Sociology of Sport Journal 21, 1: 36–60.
Schilling, Mary Lou. 1997. Socialization, Retirement, and sports. Online essay and links at http://edweb6.educ.msu.edu/kin866/Research/resschilling1.htm (retrieved June, 2005).
Schimmel, Kimberly, Alan G. Ingham, and Jeremy W. Howell. 1993. Professional team sport and the American city: Urban politics and franchise relocations. In A. G. Ingham and J. W. Loy, eds. Sport in social development (pp. 211–44). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Schimmel, Kimberly. S. 2000. Take me out to the ball game: The transformation of production-consumption relations in professional team sport. In C. L. Harrington and D. D. Bielby, eds. Cultural production and consumption: Readings in popular culture (pp. 36–52). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
Schimmel, Kimberly. S. 2002. The political economy of place: Urban and sport studies perspectives. In J. Maguire and K. Young, eds. Theory, sport and society (pp. 335–353). Oxford, England: JAI (Elsevier Science).
Schmitt, M. The state of women in sports media: Pp. 234–36 in R. Lapchick, ed. Sport in society: Equal opportunity or business as usual? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Schmitt, R. L., and W. M. Leonard, II. 1986. Immortalizing the self through sport. American Journal of Sociology 91 (March): 1088–111.
Schneider, J. 2002. The fairness factor. U.S. News and World Report 132 (8), 18 March, 63–65.
Schroeder, Janice Jones. 1995. Developing self-esteem and leadership skills in Native American women: The role sports and games play. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 66, 7: 48–51.
Schuetz, R. 1976. Sports, technology and gambling. In W.R. Eadington, ed. Gambling and society. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
Schultz, B. 1999. The disappearance of child-directed activities. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 70, 5: 9–10.
Schultz, Jaime. 2004. Discipline and push-up: Female bodies, femininity, and sexuality in popular representations of sports bras. Sociology of Sport Journal 21, 2: 185–205.
Scott, J. 1969. Athletics for athletes. An Other Ways Book, Oakland, Calif.
Scott, J. 1971. The athletic revolution. Macmillan, Inc., New York.
Scranton, S. 1987. Boys muscle in where angels fear to tread--girls’ subcultures and physical activities. In J. Horne et al., eds. Sport, leisure and social relations. Routledge & Kegan Paul, New York (Sociological Review Monograph 33).
Scraton, Sheila, Jayne Caudwell, and Samantha Holland. 2005. ‘Bend it like Patel’: Centring ‘race’, ethnicity and gender in feminist analysis of women’s football in England. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 40, 1: 71–88
Scully, Gerald W. 1989. The business of major league baseball. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Scully, Gerald W. 1995. The market structure of sport. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Seattle Times. 2003. Coaches Who Prey: The Abuse of Girls and the System That Allows It. Multi-article series at http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/news/local/coaches/ (retrieved June, 2005).
Seeley, Morgan, and Genevieve Rail. 2004. Youth with disabilities: Rethinking discourses of the “healthy” body. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Tucson, Arizona (November).
Segrave, Jeffrey. 1986. Do organized sports programs deter delinquency? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 57, 1: 16–17.
Segrave, Jeffrey. 1994. The Perfect 10: “Sportspeak” in the language of sexual relations. Sociology of Sport Journal 11, 2: 95–113.
Segrave, J., and D. Chu. 1978. Athletics and juvenile delinquency. Review of Sport and Leisure 3, 2: 1–24.
Segrave, Jeffrey, and Donald Chu. 1996. Introduction—The modern Olympic Games: A contemporary sociocultural analysis. Quest 48, 1: 2–8.
Segrave, Jeffrey, and D. N. Hastad. 1982. Delinquent behavior and interscholastic athletic participation. Journal of Sport Behavior 5, 2: 96–111.
Segrave, Jeffrey, C. Moreau, and D. N. Hastad. 1985. An investigation into the relationship between ice hockey participation and delinquency. Sociology of Sport Journal 2, 4: 281–98.
Seippel, Ørnulf. 2004. The World According to Voluntary Sport Organizations: Voluntarism, Economy and Facilities. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, 2: 223–232.
Sellers, R. M. 1993. Black student-athletes: Reaping the benefits of recovering from the exploitation. Pp. 143–76 in D. D. Brooks and R. C. Althouse, eds. Racism in college athletics: The African-American athlete’s experience. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.
Sellers, R. M., T. M. Chavous, and T. N. Brown. 2002. Uneven playing field: The impact of structural barriers on the initial eligibility of African American student-athletes. In Paradoxes of youth and sport (pp. 173–186) edited by M. Gatz, M. A. Messner, and S. J. Ball-Rokeach. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Sellers, R., & S. Keiper. 1998. Opportunity given or lost? Academic support services for NCAA Division I student-athletes. Paper presented at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, Las Vegas (November).
Selman, Robert L. 1971. Taking another’s perspective: role taking development in early childhood. Child Dev. 42:1721–1734.
Selman, Robert L. 1976. Social-cognitive understanding: a guide to educational and clinical practice. In T. Lickona, ed. Moral development and behavior. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.
Seltzer, R., and W. Glass. 1991. International politics and judging in Olympic skating events: 1968–1988. Journal of Sport Behavior 14, 3: 189–200.
Selway, Deborah, and Adrian F. Ashman. 1998. Disability, religion and health: A literature review in search of the spiritual dimensions of disability. Disability and Society 13, 3: 429–439.
Semyonov, M. 1984. Sport and beyond: Ethnic inequalities in attainment. Sociology of Sport Journal 1, 4: 358–65.
Seppanen, P. 1984. The Olympics: a sociological perspective. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 19, 2: 113–128.
Sernau, Scott. 2005. Worlds apart: Social inequalities in a global economy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Settimi, Christina. 2007. Kicking for cash. Forbes (April 16): online, www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2007/0416/090.html.
Sewart, J. 1987. The commodification of sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 22, 3: 171–192.
Sewart, James. 1987. The commodification of sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 22, 3: 171–192.
Shaffer, Marvin, Alan Greer, and Celine Mauboules. 2003. Olympic costs & benefits: a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Vancouver: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives; Online: www.policyalternatives.ca/reports/2003/02/reportsstudies162/?pa=A2286B2A.
Shaiken, B. 1988. Sport and politics. Praeger, New York.
Shakib, Sohaila, and Michele D. Dunbar. 2002. The social construction of female and male high school basketball participation: Reproducing the gender order through a two-tiered sporting institution. Sociological Perspectives 45, 4: 353–378.
Shakib, Sohaila, and Michele D. Dunbar. 2004. How High School Athletes Talk about Maternal and Paternal Sporting Experiences: Identifying Modifiable Social Processes for Gender Equity Physical Activity Interventions.
Share with your friends: |