Методические рекомендации по самостоятельной работе студентов с видеоматериалами на примере документальных фильмов

At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is by far the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation in the world with 142 million people. The territory of Russia is home to more than 100 different ethnic groups representing a multiplicity of national histories and cultures and many distinct language groups, including Indo-European Slavic, Turkic, Finno-Ugric and others. The vast majority of the population – over four fifths – consists of ethnic Russians with another four percent consisting of Ukrainians and Byelorussians.

Russia extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40 % of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources, and is the world's largest energy superpower. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.

Russia has an enormous variety of landforms and landscapes. Arctic deserts lie in the extreme north, giving way southward to the tundra and then to the forest zones, which cover about half of the country and give it much of its character. South of the forest zone lies the wooded steppe and steppe, beyond which are small sections of semidesert along the northern shore of the Caspian Sea. Much of the federation lies in latitudes where the winter cold is intense and there are many rivers, lakes, and swamps, which are freeze in winter. Owing to its vast size and the fact that most of Russian's territory is far removed from any ocean, the climate throughout the country is extremely continental, with distinct periods of warm and cold weather. The continentality of Russia's climate increases as one travels east, with average temperature differences between the warmest (July) and coldest (January) periods in Eastern Siberia, for example, varying as much as 65 degrees Celsius (117 degrees Fahrenheit). There is, however, much variation in climate based on latitude and physical geography.

The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs, who emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a noble Viking warrior class and their descendants, the first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century and adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated and the lands were divided into many small feudal states. The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was Moscow, which served as the main force in the Russian reunification process and independence struggle against the Golden Horde. Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in Europe to Alaska in North America.

Russia established worldwide power and influence from the times of the Russian Empire to being the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower, that played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the greatest technology achievements of the nation, such as the world's first human spaceflight. The Russian Federation was founded following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the Soviet state. Russia has the world's 6th largest economy by nominal GDP or the seventh largest by purchasing power parity, with the fifth largest nominal military budget. It is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the world's largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is characterized as a superpower by a number of sources, although such characterization is disputed by some analysts. Russia is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a member of the G8, G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian Economic Community, the OSCE, and is the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia).

advertising – реклама

might – мощь, сила

totalitarian – тоталитарный

under the guidance – под руководством, контролем

intention – намерение, цель

arched ceiling – сводчатый потолок

chandelier – канделябр, люстра

mosaics – мозаика

opulence – богатство, роскошь, изобилие

tsar pastime – царское прошлое

palace life – придворная жизнь

lavish – расточительный, чрезмерный, обильный, пышный

ear-flapped hat, winter fur cap with ear-flaps – шапка-ушанка

mink – норковый мех, норка

rogue – жулик, мошенник

to envision – воображать, рисовать в своем воображении

peasants – крестьяне

prisoners of war – военнопленные

decade – десятилетие

swamp, marsh – болото

traffic jam – пробки на дорогах

backbone – основа, суть

backwater – очень удаленное, изолированное от внешнего мира место

arch – арка

trophy – трофей, добыча

warrior – воин, боец

indiscernible – неприметный

to conceive – задумывать, замышлять, представлять

preservation – сохранение, сохранность

self-effacing, modest – скромный, держащийся в тени

dwelling – жилище, дом

cabin – небольшой домик

camisole – камзол

Solovki Monastery – Соловецкий монастырь

destination – место назначения

desert – необитаемый, безлюдный, пустынный

hermit – отшельник

mainland – материк, большой остров среди группы небольших

to worship – поклоняться

chapel – часовня

stronghold – крепость, твердыня, цитадель

fortress – крепость

glory – слава

monk – монах

monacal – монашеский, монастырский

bastion – оплот, укрепление, бастион

to rebel – восстать, противостоять

siege – осада, блокада

bunk – койка, спальное место

to drag – тащить

insulation – обособление, изоляция

despair – отчаяние, безысходность, безнадежность

political prisoners – политзаключенные

sanctuary – алтарь, алтарная часть храма

mock – осмеяние, насмешка

to suffer – страдать

relief – облегчение (боли, страдания), утешение

to confine – заключать в тюрьму, заточать, держать взаперти

bleak – мрачный (о выражении лица), суровый, унылый

1. 
   When did the construction of the Moscow Metro begin?
   
2. 
   What was the intention of its construction?
   
3. 
   What peculiarities does the Komsomolskaya station have?
   
4. 
   Why could this opulence of palaces be admitted by the Soviet government? What for?
   
5. 
   What architecture does Mayakovskaya station have?
   
6. 
   What is the length of railways in the Moscow Metro?
   
7. 
   How many stations are there?
   
8. 
   What specific is in the station “Revolution Square”?
   
9. 
   Why did the narrator go to the market near the Ismaylovskiy Park?
   
10. 
    When was St. Petersburg built?
    
11. 
    Who did Peter the Great invite for its construction?
    
12. 
    What was Peter’s intention for creation of the greatest city in the world?
    
13. 
    When was the first building constructed and for whom?
    
14. 
    How does simplicity of this dwelling characterize Peter the Great?
    
15. 
    Why did the narrator go to Solovki Monastery?
    
16. 
    When did two monks Savatiy and Herman first land on this island?
    
17. 
    What is the history of the Monastery?
    
18. 
    How many prisoners lived in the Сathedral from 1924 to 1937?
    
19. 
    When did monks return to the Monastery?
    
20. 
    What impression did the life around the Monastery make on the narrator?
    

• 
  What interesting places have you visited in Russia? Have you been to the North or to the South of our country, Far East, West, Siberia, the Caucasus, etc.?
  
• 
  Have you ever been to Moscow and St. Petersburg? What are your impressions of these cities?
  
• 
  How do “two capitals” differ from each other?
  
• 
  What is the most beautiful landscape in Russia for you?
  

The establishment of a Polish state is often identified with the adoption of Christianity by its ruler Mieszko I in 966, when the state covered territory similar to that of present-day Poland. The Kingdom of Poland was formed in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a long association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin, forming the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The Commonwealth collapsed in 1795, and Poland's territory was partitioned among the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Austria. Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic in 1918, after World War I, but two decades later it was occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union at the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. Poland lost over six million citizens in the war and emerged several years later as the People's Republic of Poland under Soviet influence.

During the Revolutions of 1989, communist rule was overthrown, and soon after Poland became what is constitutionally known as the “Third Polish Republic”. Poland is a unitary state, made up of sixteen Voivodeships (provinces), Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland).

miraculously – чудом, чудесным образом

to escape destruction – избежать разрушения

chap – парень, малый

Tartar – татарин

nomad – кочевник

to moan – стонать, оплакивать

salt mine – солевая шахта

disappointment – разочарование

chapel – часовня

blessed – благословенный, священный, блаженный

patron – покровитель

adit – штольня

chamber – зал, комната

stuff – материал, вещество; вещи, имущество

gnome – гном

Snow White – Белоснежка (из сказки)

prop stay – подпорка

to crack – трескаться, давать трещину

carving – резное украшение, орнамент

to stash away – копить, припрятывать

stalactite – сталактит

supply – предложение
Task 2. Answer the following questions:

1. 
   What recollections of the narrator are connected with Poland?
   
2. 
   How did Krakow happen to survive in World War II?
   
3. 
   What does the legend tell about the special tune on the tower?
   
4. 
   When did Wieliczka mine begin its operation?
   
5. 
   What is its scale?
   
6. 
   When did miners cut the chapel?
   
7. 
   What fact was the most magnificent in this mine?
   
8. 
   What attracts mineralogists in this mine?
   
9. 
   Why is salt called “white gold”?
   

• 
  Have you ever been to Poland? What places have you visited?
  
• 
  If not, would you like to visit this country?
  
• 
  What is your impression of the salt mine? Is it really a treasure? Why?
  

A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, has been known and documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. During the 16th century, northern Germany became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state, the country was first unified amidst the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. After World War II, Germany was divided in 1949 into two separate states – East Germany and West Germany – along the lines of Allied occupation. Germany was reunified in 1990 upon the entry of the German Democratic Republic into the Federal Republic. West Germany was a founding member of the European Community (EC) in 1957, which became the European Union in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area and adopted the European currency, the euro, in 1999.

Germany is a federal parliamentary republic of sixteen states. The capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, G8, G20, and the OECD. It is a major power with the world's fourth largest economy by nominal GDP and the fifth largest in purchasing power parity. It is the second largest exporter and third largest importer of goods. In absolute terms, Germany allocates the second biggest annual budget of development aid in the world, while its military expenditure ranked seventh. The country has developed a high standard of living and established a comprehensive system of social security. It holds a key position in European affairs and maintains a multitude of close partnerships on a global level. Germany is recognized as a scientific and technological leader in several fields (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany).
Task 1. Remember the words:

The Volkswagen Beetle – «Фольксваген Жук»

genocide – геноцид

allied – союзный, союзнический

innocence – невинность, невиновность

in the grip of – в тисках

beetle – жук

to be commissioned – получить или иметь поручение

Nazi – нацистский

engine – двигатель

wheel – колесо

steering wheel – рулевое колесо

tight – тесный

storage – хранение, склад, зд. багаж

spacious – просторный

indicator – указатель поворота

to be executed – быть казненным

wind-screen wipers – «дворники», стеклоочистители

hand brake – ручной тормоз (с приводом от рукоятки)

origin – происхождение

Bauhause. The Brno Chair – Баухаус. Школа архитектуры и дизайна в Веймаре. Стул Брно

forge – кузница

to inspire – вдохновлять

to reject – отказываться

to capture – захватить, увлечь

archive – архив

clumsy – громоздкий, неуклюжий, неповоротливый, неизящный

to succeed – преуспевать, добиться, иметь успех

cantilever – консоль, кронштейн

appropriate – подходящий

1. 
   How many people is the car “Beetle” designed for?
   
2. 
   Who ordered the production of the Volkswagen Beetle?
   
3. 
   When was the first car produced?
   
4. 
   Why is it called “a beetle”?
   
5. 
   Who was the designer of the Volkswagen Beetle?
   
6. 
   Who did this particular car of a road test belong to?
   
7. 
   Why did the narrator consider this car to be a problematic creation?
   
8. 
   Why was Bauhause design school called as “forge of the modern world”?
   
9. 
   How long did Bauhause school exist?
   
10. 
    What was innovative in this school?
    
11. 
    Why did the narrator find Bauhause’s chairs a treasure?
    
12. 
    When were these unique pieces of furniture created?
    
13. 
    What was the reason of Bauhause’s success in chairs’ production?
    
14. 
    Why did Hitler close this school in 1933?
    

• 
  Have you ever been to Germany? What places have you visited?
  
• 
  If not, would you like to visit this country?
  
• 
  What associations are connected with Germany? Name five words.
  
• 
  What is you attitude to German cars? What cars do you know?
  
• 
  Do you really think that Bauhause’s chairs a treasure? Why?
  

The country is home to three ethnic groups or so-called “constituent peoples”, a term unique for Bosnia-Herzegovina. These are: Bosniaks, the largest population group of three, with Bosnian Serbs in second and Bosnian Croats in third. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often identified in English as either Herzegovinian or Bosnian. The term Herzegovinian and Bosnian is maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction, while Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own. The country is politically decentralized and comprises two governing entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with a third region, the Brčko District being administered by both.

Formerly one of the six federal units constituting the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina gained its independence during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. Bosnia and Herzegovina can be described as a parliamentary democracy that is transforming its economy into a market-oriented system, and it is a potential candidate for membership in the European Union and has been a candidate for NATO membership since April 2010, when it received a Membership Action Plan at the summit in Tallinn. Additionally, the nation has been a member of the Council of Europe since 24 April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment on 13 July 2008 (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia and Herzegovina).
Task 1. Remember the words:

Mostar Bridge. – Мостарский мост

violence – насилие

reminder – напоминание

collapse – распад, кризис

genocide – геноцид

Christians – христиане

Orthodox – православные

Muslims – мусульмане

Bosnian Serbs – боснийские сербы

to survive – выжить

Croatian troops – хорватские отряды сопротивления

original fabric – первоначальная (исконная, исходная) конструкция (материал)

the Ottoman ruler – османский правитель

Suleyman the Magnificent – Сулейман Великолепный

single-span bridge – однопролетный мост

length across the river in an arch (length of arch) – длина дуги моста

unity – единство, сплоченность

identity – идентичность, сходство

authentic – подлинный, достоверный, оригинальный

brass – стреляные гильзы

shell – мина, снаряд, граната

calibre – калибр

gun – орудие, огнестрельное оружие

machine gun – пулемет

bitterness – горечь, ожесточение, злоба

hatred – ненависть

blast-scarred – изуродованный

shattered soul – разбитая душа

1. 
   Why was Mostar the most dangerous place on the Earth in 1990s?
   
2. 
   When was Mostar Bridge destructed?
   
3. 
   When did the work begin to rebuild the bridge?
   
4. 
   What is the history of the original Mostar Bridge construction?
   
5. 
   Why was the bridge considered the largest in the world?
   
6. 
   What role did the bridge play in the time of Suleyman the Magnificent? And what meaning does it have now?
   
7. 
   What local tradition is connected with Mostar Bridge?
   
8. 
   How has the life of Mostar’s inhabitants changed since the tragic events of 1990s?
   
9. 
   What atmosphere is in the city nowadays?
   
10. 
    What unusual souvenirs are sold there?
    
11. 
    What contradiction exists in modern Mostar?
    

• 
  Would you like to visit Bosnia and its famous Mostar Bridge?
  
• 
  Why is this bridge a treasure? Do you agree with this point of view?
  
• 
  Why is it said that Mostar Bridge a huge step for union of people of different religions? What is your opinion?