Fig.2 Jackson Pollock Painting. 1940
When witnessed live, it is quite clear that Kuoppala’s work is not just an extreme form of improvisation; it instead suggests unmediated emotional liberty conveyed digitally. This may be down to the fact that his chosen medium is reasonably unexplored, leaving knowledge of how to properly control its parameters lacking. Nonetheless, it is fair to say that there is no stimulus. Thus, his art falls under the category of automatism.
The next piece I would like to discuss is Susan Hiller’s multimedia installation piece Belshazzar’s Feast/The Writing On Your Wall 1985. Hiller’s title refers to a biblical tale taken from the book of Daniel, in which the Babylonian King Belshazzar orders a great feast while the forces of Cyrus the Great are besieging his city. During the feast, Belshazzar demands that the vessels from the temple of Jerusalem be brought forth so that he and his guests might drink from them while praising the Babylonian Gods. It is in this moment of blasphemy that a floating hand appears and begins writing mysterious words on the wall – ‘Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin’. Unable to decipher the words for himself, The King instructs that a competition is arranged amongst his soothsayers to interpret the message. And so the tale goes that the retired prophet Daniel reads the words and informs the King that he and his friends had been worshipping the gods of gold and silver and would consequently suffer the punishment of their city’s destruction.
Through referring to this story, Hiller has already suggested automatism (the writing of unintelligible words), but, intriguingly, this piece is an example of an attempt to prompt automatism and reverie within the viewer, as well as exhibiting her own.
The installation combines photography, automatic drawings, domestic furnishings, sound and video. The focal point of the arrangement is a television monitor centred in the middle of the room, which plays footage of a bonfire representing the essential service of the fireplace or hearth within past households to not only warm and cook with but also entertain and socialise around. Accompanying the footage of fire, we hear recordings of Hiller’s son attempting to recall details from Rembrandt’s painting of the same biblical tale. Layered over her son’s voice, we also hear Hiller employing the practice of automatic speaking (indicating the phenomenon of speaking in tongues within a religious context), as well as dictating news accounts of people’s encounters with supposed ghosts and extra-terrestrial entities through television screens.
In an interview with Catherine Kinley, Hiller explains her use of the television set.
I have the feeling that nowadays the television set functions like the hearth or fireplace used to. What I wanted to do with the imagery of the work was to establish for the audience their own ability to dream, to create images out of these free-floating, ever changing shapes. This, of course, has a very long tradition in art; just think of Leonardo’s advice to his young painters to look at moss on rocks or drifting clouds to suggest forms. (ed. Einzig, 1996, p. 91)
This is the real value of the piece. Conceptually setting the scene with automatic processes within the installation (automatic drawings, photographs, sound and the latter half of the title); Hiller is re-establishing the recognition that the members of the audience have their own unconscious minds and are capable of accessing and interacting with them. In addition to this, with the imagery of the bonfire, Hiller may be directly referencing Freudian theory, as fire is instinctively very relatable and familiar to us as a species further contributing to the possibility of the audience reacting unconsciously.
Fig. 3 Hiller Belshazzar’s Feast (The Writing on Your Wall) 1983-84
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