Nesa identified Issues: Strait of Hormuz


Significance of Middle East production



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3Significance of Middle East production

3.1The Strait of Hormuz


The Strait of Hormuz is located between Oman and Iran. It connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea Figure ).

Figure The Strait of Hormuz





According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, on an average day in 2011, about 14 tankers carrying 17 million barrels of crude oil passed out of the Persian Gulf through the Strait. This was said to represent 35 per cent of the world's seaborne oil shipments, and 20 per cent of oil traded worldwide (Figure ).

Figure Oil shipments and the Strait of Hormuz



hormuz is the largest gateway to oil, controlling access to one fifth of the world\'s oil supply

Data source: (Vanderbrook, February 2012).

It is estimated that more than 85 per cent of these crude oil exports went to Asian markets, with Japan, India, South Korea and China the largest destinations (75 per cent of Japan’s oil passes through the Strait) (EIA, 2012).


3.2 Production and exports


The volumes of crude oil and petroleum products produced in countries surrounding the Strait of Hormuz in 2009, based on IEA data, are shown in Table and Table below.

Table Middle East liquid petroleum production, 2009






Production in 2009 ('000 tonnes)

Barrels/day




Crude oil

Petrol

Diesel

Jet fuel

Crude oil

Iran

205,637

12,070

27,294

1,212

4,129,257

Iraq

114,760

2,822

6,373

522

2,304,418

Kuwait

114,651

2,745

10,639

2,491

2,302,229

Saudi Arabia

407,930

15,196

30,521

3,030

8,191,365

Bahrain

9,102

764

4,555

2,205

182,771

Qatar

35,673

1,633

1,078

877

716,325

UAE

107,712

2,392

4,364

5,141

2,162,892

Total

1,038,162

39,779

86,619

16,227

20,846,627

Source: International Energy Agency.
In 2009, a total of around 20.8 million barrels per day (Mb/d) of crude oil was produced by countries in the Gulf region, of which 15 Mb/d were exported by ship through the Strait of Hormuz. At the same time, around 579,677 tonnes of petroleum products were exported through the Strait. This is equivalent to around 0.14 Mb/d of crude oil.

Table Liquid petroleum exports from Gulf producers, 2009






Exports in 2009 ('000 tonnes)


Barrels/day




Crude oil

Petrol

Diesel

Jet fuel

Crude oil

Iran

114,754

0

0

0

2,304,297

Iraq

93,514

0

0

0

1,877,791

Kuwait

68,274

28

7,478

1,729

1,370,964

Saudi Arabia

312,394

2,909

5,766

450

6,272,972

Bahrain

0

210

3,560

1,605

0

Qatar

29,255

688

689

2

587,450

UAE

99,828

0

0

2,263

2,004,578

Total

753,097

4,319

17,777

6,351

15,122,430

Source: International Energy Agency.

It is estimated that more than 85 per cent of these crude oil exports went to Asian markets, with Japan, India, South Korea and China the largest destinations (75 per cent of Japan’s oil passes through the Strait).




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