3.1The Strait of Hormuz
The Strait of Hormuz is located between Oman and Iran. It connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea Figure ).
Figure The Strait of Hormuz
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, on an average day in 2011, about 14 tankers carrying 17 million barrels of crude oil passed out of the Persian Gulf through the Strait. This was said to represent 35 per cent of the world's seaborne oil shipments, and 20 per cent of oil traded worldwide (Figure ).
Figure Oil shipments and the Strait of Hormuz
Data source: (Vanderbrook, February 2012).
It is estimated that more than 85 per cent of these crude oil exports went to Asian markets, with Japan, India, South Korea and China the largest destinations (75 per cent of Japan’s oil passes through the Strait) (EIA, 2012).
3.2 Production and exports
The volumes of crude oil and petroleum products produced in countries surrounding the Strait of Hormuz in 2009, based on IEA data, are shown in Table and Table below.
Table Middle East liquid petroleum production, 2009
|
Production in 2009 ('000 tonnes)
|
Barrels/day
|
|
Crude oil
|
Petrol
|
Diesel
|
Jet fuel
|
Crude oil
|
Iran
|
205,637
|
12,070
|
27,294
|
1,212
|
4,129,257
|
Iraq
|
114,760
|
2,822
|
6,373
|
522
|
2,304,418
|
Kuwait
|
114,651
|
2,745
|
10,639
|
2,491
|
2,302,229
|
Saudi Arabia
|
407,930
|
15,196
|
30,521
|
3,030
|
8,191,365
|
Bahrain
|
9,102
|
764
|
4,555
|
2,205
|
182,771
|
Qatar
|
35,673
|
1,633
|
1,078
|
877
|
716,325
|
UAE
|
107,712
|
2,392
|
4,364
|
5,141
|
2,162,892
|
Total
|
1,038,162
|
39,779
|
86,619
|
16,227
|
20,846,627
|
Source: International Energy Agency.
In 2009, a total of around 20.8 million barrels per day (Mb/d) of crude oil was produced by countries in the Gulf region, of which 15 Mb/d were exported by ship through the Strait of Hormuz. At the same time, around 579,677 tonnes of petroleum products were exported through the Strait. This is equivalent to around 0.14 Mb/d of crude oil.
Table Liquid petroleum exports from Gulf producers, 2009
|
Exports in 2009 ('000 tonnes)
|
Barrels/day
|
|
Crude oil
|
Petrol
|
Diesel
|
Jet fuel
|
Crude oil
|
Iran
|
114,754
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2,304,297
|
Iraq
|
93,514
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1,877,791
|
Kuwait
|
68,274
|
28
|
7,478
|
1,729
|
1,370,964
|
Saudi Arabia
|
312,394
|
2,909
|
5,766
|
450
|
6,272,972
|
Bahrain
|
0
|
210
|
3,560
|
1,605
|
0
|
Qatar
|
29,255
|
688
|
689
|
2
|
587,450
|
UAE
|
99,828
|
0
|
0
|
2,263
|
2,004,578
|
Total
|
753,097
|
4,319
|
17,777
|
6,351
|
15,122,430
|
Source: International Energy Agency.
It is estimated that more than 85 per cent of these crude oil exports went to Asian markets, with Japan, India, South Korea and China the largest destinations (75 per cent of Japan’s oil passes through the Strait).
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