No. Registros Solicitud 1 5614 colombia

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 28A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-nonmetal-deposits

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

MC - MAP COORDINATES: LAT: N050000; N060000; LONG: W0730000; W0740000.

IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 36; illus. incl. sects., geol. sketch map.

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute.

IS - ISSN: 0305-8719

IB - ISBN: 1-86239-034-7

CO - CODEN: GSLSBW

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-071044

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199924

Registro 5318 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Adularia-sericite gold deposits of Marmato (Caldas, Colombia); field and petrographical data.

AU - AUTHORS: Rossetti-Piergiorgio; Colombo-Fabrizio

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Universita di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze Mineralogiche e Petrologiche, Turin, Italy

BK - BOOK TITLE: In: Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization.

BA - BOOK AUTHORS: McCaffrey-Ken-J-W (editor); Lonergan-Lidia (editor); Wilkinson-Jamie (editor)

SO - SOURCE: Geological Society Special Publications. 155; Pages 167-182. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: Geological Society of London. London, United Kingdom. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

LA - LANGUAGE: English

AB - ABSTRACT: At Marmato (Caldas, Colombia), epithermal gold mineralization is associated with volcanic to subvolcanic (dacite to andesite) bodies intruding a late Miocene sedimentary sequence and older basement rocks. Mineralization occurs in dilational veins related to a post-magmatic brittle deformation event, possibly connected with reactivation of the Cauca-Romeral fault system. Within the vein system, a vertical zonation is observed. In the lower part the veins are mainly composed of adularia + pyrite + or - quartz + or - calcite. In the upper part the dominant assemblage is calcite + quartz + pyrite + sphalerite + arsenopyrite + galena + chalcopyrite, and minor argentite, pyrrhotite, polybasite and freibergite. Data from drill cores show that gold is principally related to the hydrothermal veins and dissemination in the wall rock is of minor importance. Wall-rock alteration around the veins is mainly represented by a strong, often complete, sericitization, with minor silicification. The sericitization post-dates an earlier propylitic alteration event, unrelated to gold deposition. The hydrothermal circulation was characterized by ascent of low salinity fluids with a low CO (sub 2) content focused along a structurally controlled fracture system. Boiling was a major controlling factor in deposition in the lower part of the system, while in the upper part mixing also occurred.

DE - DESCRIPTORS: adularia-; alkali-feldspar; Caldas-Colombia; carbon-dioxide; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; deformation-; disseminated-deposits; faults-; feldspar-group; field-studies; framework-silicates; gold-ores; hydrothermal-alteration; Marmato-Colombia; Marmato-mining-district; metal-ores; metasomatism-; mica-group; mineral-assemblages; mineral-deposits,-genesis; mineralization-; Miocene-; Neogene-; ore-forming-fluids; petrography-; Pliocene-; salinity-; sericite-; sericitization-; sheet-silicates; silicates-; South-America; structural-analysis; structural-controls; Tertiary-; veins-; wall-rock-alteration; zoning-

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 27A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-ore-deposits

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 27; illus. incl. 2 tables, geol. sketch map.

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute.

IS - ISSN: 0305-8719

IB - ISBN: 1-86239-034-7

CO - CODEN: GSLSBW

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-071043

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199924

Registro 5319 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Field assessment of true stratigraphic thickness, stretching, shortening structural style and kinematics of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia.

AU - AUTHORS: Restrepo-Pace-Pedro-A

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Conoco, Structure and Basin Modeling Group Integrated Interpretation Center, Houston, TX, United States

BK - BOOK TITLE: In: The role of geological fieldwork in hydrocarbon exploration and production.

BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Macdonald-David (editor); Flecker-Rachel (editor)

SO - SOURCE: Pages 58. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: Cambridge Arctic Shelf Programme. Cambridge, United Kingdom. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: Geological Society of London Petroleum Group Meeting. London, United Kingdom. Mar. 17-18, 1999.

LA - LANGUAGE: English

DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; biostratigraphy-; Colombia-; Cretaceous-; crustal-shortening; duplexes-; Eastern-Cordillera; facies-; faults-; field-studies; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; mapping-; Mesozoic-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; seismic-methods; South-America; stratigraphic-units; structural-traps; succession-; surveys-; thickness-; traps-

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; 12-Stratigraphy; 16-Structural-geology

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Book; Conference-Document

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute.

IB - ISBN: 0-9529048-2-9

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-070438

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199924

Registro 5320 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Gravity-driven structures and hydrocarbon exploration.

AU - AUTHORS: Jones-Peter-B

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: International Tectonic Consultants, Calgary, AB, Canada

SO - SOURCE: Reservoir. 26; 5, Pages 34-40. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. Calgary, AB, Canada. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Canada

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

LA - LANGUAGE: English

DE - DESCRIPTORS: British-Columbia; Canada-; Colombia-; folds-; gravity-sliding; Magdalena-Valley; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; Rat-Creek-Syncline; South-America; structural-controls; synclines-; tectonics-; thrust-sheets; uplifts-; Western-Canada

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; 16-Structural-geology

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. geol. sketch maps, sects.

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute.

IS - ISSN: 1484-2238

CO - CODEN: #04695

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-065581

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199922

Registro 5321 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Giant discoveries of the 1990s; were they significant?.

AU - AUTHORS: Esser-Robert-W

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Huntington, NY, United States

BK - BOOK TITLE: In: Wallace E. Pratt memorial conference on petroleum provinces of the 21st century; abstracts.

BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous

SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 83; 12, Pages 2035. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: Wallace E. Pratt memorial conference on petroleum provinces of the 21st century. San Diego, CA, United States. Jan. 12-15, 2000.

LA - LANGUAGE: English

AB - ABSTRACT: Annual oil discovery rates in the 1990s have ranged from 4 to 8 billion barrels compared to annual consumption in 1999 of 28 billion barrels. By 2010 consumption is projected to exceed 35 billion barrels. To meet this demand, production from discoveries made in the 1990s must be supplemented by the development of existing reserves, including recognition during the 1990s of the significant pre-1990s discoveries made economic and accessible with new technology and political opening, and development of extra heavy oil in mineable oil sands in Alberta and the Orinoco Oil Belt of Venezuela. Each category will continue to benefit from new technology improving recovery factors, thus adding to production. The single most important overall area for potential discovery has and will continue to be the deepwater, which has been made economic by both new technology and geology. During the 1990s leading discovery areas for oil have been Africa/Middle East, Latin America, and the Gulf of Mexico, and the Far East for gas. Leading countries for oil discovery include Angola, the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, and Algeria; for gas, the Gulf of Mexico, Norway, the Northwest shelf of Australia, and West Iran. Those countries of significant pre-1990 oil discoveries recognized in the 1990s include the Caspian, Iraq, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Canada, and other Middle East countries, especially Saudi Arabia. Utilizing these sources, and with the continued 1990s pace of new discoveries, oil supplies are projected to be adequate to meet demand at least into 2015; however, gas will continue to enjoy accelerating growth in demand, leading companies to pursue giant new reserves.

DE - DESCRIPTORS: Alberta-; Canada-; consumption-; demand-; development-; heavy-oil; history-; natural-gas; Orinoco-Belt; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; production-; reserves-; South-America; supply-; technology-; Venezuela-; Western-Canada

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States

IS - ISSN: 0149-1423

CO - CODEN: AABUD2

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-064354

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199922

Registro 5322 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Oil and gas fields associated with inverted extensional faults; a global review.

AU - AUTHORS: Cooper-Mark

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: PanCanadian Petroleum, Calgary, AB, Canada

BK - BOOK TITLE: In: 1999-2000 APPG distinguished lecturers.

BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous

SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 83; 11, Pages 1880. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

LA - LANGUAGE: English

AB - ABSTRACT: The recognition of an inversion structure relies on the concept of regional elevation. The regional elevation of a marker horizon is its structural elevation when deformation effects are removed. Contractional deformation will elevate beds above regional elevation and extension will lower them below regional elevation. In an inversion structure, marker horizons will display different elevations above and/or below their respective regionals in the fault hanging wall. Another key feature is that a synrift sequence must be recognized in all inversion structures. Inversion appears to be favored by a short time interval between the extension and compression due to a relatively weak attenuated lithosphere that has not thermally re-equilibrated. Inverted basins occur most commonly in intra-cratonic areas (e.g., northwest Europe) and in back-arc areas (e.g., Sunda Arc Indonesia), but have also been recognized within orogenic belts (e.g., the Andes of Colombia, the Rockies, and the Appalachians) and also on passive margins (e.g., Mid Norway Basin). In most of the areas noted above there are oil and gas pools associated with inversion structures. The geometry of inversion structures is highly dependent on the geometry of the original fault system. In the simple case of inverting a half graben, the inversion fold produced will be an asymmetric monocline facing the footwall with the crest located above the synrift depocenter. However, when a half graben is inverted, footwall shortcut faults commonly result to generate a shallower dipping fault, which is a more efficient trajectory for shortening strata. In this review I will present a selection of oil and gas fields associated with inversion structures from a variety of tectonic environments from around the world. This raises questions for an exploration geologist of predicting when an inversion structure will be productive and what the key factors for success will be. Careful analysis of the structural evolution and its impact on the petroleum system will often reveal the key elements in understanding the play.

DE - DESCRIPTORS: altitude-; Andes-; Appalachians-; Asia-; basins-; Colombia-; crustal-shortening; dip-; Europe-; extension-faults; Far-East; faults-; folds-; foot-wall; global-; half-grabens; hanging-wall; Indonesia-; intracratonic-basins; lithosphere-; monoclines-; natural-gas; North-America; Norway-; oil-and-gas-fields; passive-margins; petroleum-; Rocky-Mountains; Scandinavia-; South-America; Sunda-Arc; Western-Europe

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; 16-Structural-geology

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States

IS - ISSN: 0149-1423

CO - CODEN: AABUD2

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-064284

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199922

Registro 5323 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Drilling for oily elephants in the Andean foothills of Colombia.

AU - AUTHORS: Cooper-Mark

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: PanCanadian Petroleum, Calgary, AB, Canada

BK - BOOK TITLE: In: 1999-2000 APPG distinguished lecturers.

BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous

SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 83; 11, Pages 1880. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

LA - LANGUAGE: English

AB - ABSTRACT: The Llanos Basin lies east of the Eastern Cordillera in northeast Colombia. Basin development commenced in the Triassic and became increasingly dominated by marine sediments until the early Maastrichtian accretion of the Western Cordillera. This created the Pre-Andean Foreland Basin (late Maastrichtian to early Miocene), which covered the Magdalena Valley, Eastern Cordillera, and Llanos Basin. The overlying Andean Foreland Basin resulted from mid-Miocene to Recent deformation in the Eastern Cordillera which shed a classic "molasse" sequence into the basin. This deformation created the eastern foothills belt of the Eastern Cordillera, which hosts a number of giant fields, including the Cusiana field. Light oil, gas, and condensate in Cusiana occur at depths of 4500 m in an asymmetric, hanging-wall anticlinal trap 25 km long and 5-6 km in width. The top and lateral seals are marine Oligocene mudstones trapping a hydrocarbon column of more than 460 m. Upper Eocene Mirador Formation sandstones, which contain more than 50% of the reserves, were deposited in estuarine environments. Other reservoirs include the Paleocene Barco Formation estuarine sandstones and the shallow-marine Santonian-Campanian Upper Guadalupe Sandstone. The porosity is relatively low, but good permeability in these pure quartz-cemented quartzarenites allows wells to produce at rates >10,000 bbl/day. Biomarker data suggest that the Turonian-Coniacian Gacheta Formation marine mudstones are the source rocks. The Cusiana field contains up to 1.5 billion bbl of liquids and 3.4 tcf of gas. The other giant fields discovered in the trend to data are Cupiagua, Volcanera, Pauto Sur, and Florena, which together contain an additional estimated 2 billion bbl of liquids and 7 tcf gas. The remaining potential in the trend is considerable with some large untested structures still to be drilled, for example, Samore, which lies to the north near the Venezuelan border; the elephant hunt continues.

DE - DESCRIPTORS: accretion-; Andes-; anticlines-; arenite-; Barco-Formation; basins-; Campanian-; Cenozoic-; clastic-rocks; Colombia-; condensates-; Coniacian-; Cretaceous-; Cupiagua-Field; Cusiana-Field; deformation-; depositional-environment; development-; drilling-; Eastern-Cordillera; Eocene-; estuarine-environment; Florena-Field; folds-; foreland-basins; Gacheta-Formation; giant-fields; Guadalupe-Sandstone; hanging-wall; Llanos-; Maestrichtian-; Magdalena-Valley; marine-environment; Mesozoic-; Mirador-Formation; natural-gas; oil-and-gas-fields; oil-wells; Paleocene-; Paleogene-; Pauto-Sur-Field; permeability-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; porosity-; production-; quartz-arenite; reserves-; sandstone-; Santonian-; sedimentary-rocks; Senonian-; source-rocks; South-America; structural-traps; Tertiary-; traps-; Triassic-; Turonian-; Upper-Cretaceous; upper-Eocene; Venezuela-; Volcanera-Field; Western-Cordillera

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States

IS - ISSN: 0149-1423

CO - CODEN: AABUD2

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-064283

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199922

Registro 5324 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Palaeoecology, palaeogeography and depositional environments of Upper Cretaceous rocks of western Venezuela.

AU - AUTHORS: Erlich-R-N; Macsotay-I-O; Nederbragt-A-J; Lorente-M-Antonieta

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Amoco Exploration and Production, Houston, TX, United States

SO - SOURCE: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 153; 1-4, Pages 203-238. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: Elsevier. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Netherlands

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

LA - LANGUAGE: English

AB - ABSTRACT: The end of the Early Cretaceous in northern South America was marked by regional palaeoceanographic change. In western Venezuela, this change was highlighted near the end of the Albian by drowning of the Maraca Formation shallow-water carbonate platform. Regional marine transgression continued during the Cenomanian and Turonian in western Venezuela with drowning of the more southerly Guayacan Member (Capacho and Escandalosa formations) carbonate platform. Deposition of organic carbon-rich intervals of the La Luna and Navay formations occurred unconformably on Maraca Formation and Guayacan Member shallow-water carbonates and continued through the early Santonian. During this interval, the Maracaibo and Barinas/Apure basins were characterized by low-oxygen or anoxic bottom-water conditions away from the basin margins. Deposition of organic carbon-lean upper La Luna and Navay formation strata show that bottom-water oxygen content increased from the late Santonian through the end of the Cretaceous. The siliceous and phosphatic late Santonian to early Maastrichtian Tres Esquinas Member, and the glauconitic late Campanian to early Maastrichtian Socuy Member (both of the La Luna Formation) represent the final phase of La Luna deposition in the Maracaibo Basin. Tectonic uplift in eastern Colombia during the Campanian and Maastrichtian caused progradation of the Colon, Mito Juan, and Burguita Formation deltas, and eventual infilling of the Maracaibo and Barinas/Apure basins.

DE - DESCRIPTORS: algae-; anaerobic-environment; Apure-Guarico-Plain; Barinas-Venezuela; basins-; biostratigraphy-; carbon-; carbonate-platforms; carbonate-rocks; Cretaceous-; cross-sections; depositional-environment; Foraminifera-; hemipelagic-environment; Invertebrata-; La-Luna-Formation; lithostratigraphy-; Maracaibo-Basin; marine-environment; Mesozoic-; microfossils-; nannofossils-; organic-carbon; paleo-oceanography; paleoecology-; paleogeography-; planktonic-taxa; Plantae-; Protista-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-basins; sedimentary-rocks; shallow-water-environment; South-America; transgression-; Upper-Cretaceous; Venezuela-; western-Venezuela

CC - CATEGORY CODES: 12-Stratigraphy; 06A-Sedimentary-petrology

DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial

BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic

NN - ANNOTATION: Includes 2 appendices.

IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 101; illus. incl. sects., 3 tables, sketch maps.

RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2002, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands

IS - ISSN: 0031-0182

CO - CODEN: PPPYAB

AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999-064256

UD - UPDATE CODE: 199922

Registro 5325 de 5614 - GeoRef 1997-2001

TI - TITLE: Campanian-Miocene tectonostratigraphy, depocenter evolution and basin development of Colombia and western Venezuela.

AU - AUTHORS: Villamil-T

AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: CONOCO, Advance Exploration Organization, Houston, TX, United States

SO - SOURCE: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 153; 1-4, Pages 239-275. 1999.

PB - PUBLISHER: Elsevier. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1999.

CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Netherlands

PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999

LA - LANGUAGE: English

AB - ABSTRACT: The position of the central axis of deposition over Colombian and Venezuelan continental crust has varied markedly through time. The axis migrated from west to east from Late Cretaceous to Oligocene but at times, secondary drainage divides were established by local uplift events. In Oligocene times with initial inversion of the Eastern Cordillera the central axis of deposition was divided into two main axes, the proto-Magdalena and the proto-Orinoco systems. The west to east migration of the central axis of deposition had a tectonic origin and it occurred in combination with tectonically driven changes in accommodation space. Depocenter evolution can be divided as follows. (1) The axis of the Campanian and early Maastrichtian depocenter was located few km east of the present position of the Central Cordillera of Colombia; it migrated east with gradual uplift of the Central Cordillera. (2) The central axis of late Maastrichtian deposition is positioned approximately over the present-day western foothills of the Eastern Cordillera, possibly crosses the Eastern Cordillera over the Santander Massif and continues into the Maracaibo Lake in western Venezuela. Accommodation space decreased from Campanian to Maastrichtian times. In Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary times parts of the eastern margin of the Eastern Cordillera were uplifted by an initial phase of inversion of deeply rooted Jurassic and Early Cretaceous normal faults. (3) In Paleocene times the central axis of deposition was located along the spine of the Eastern Cordillera and extended into the Maracaibo Basin, and accommodation space continued to decrease. (4) In latest Paleocene times the central axis of deposition shifted to eastern regions of the Eastern Cordillera and accommodation space decreased. (5) The Early Eocene central axis of deposition was located along the present-day eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera; accommodation space continued to decrease and the regional Middle Eocene unconformity began to develop. In Middle Eocene times a regional unconformity developed, marking the climax of the pre-Andean Orogeny. Deposition during these times was dominant in the Maracaibo Basin area where large amounts of sediment derived from vast exposed areas accumulated. (6) The Late Eocene central axis of deposition was confined to the present position of the Llanos foothills. Late Eocene deposition reflects a regional increase in accommodation space. In Oligocene times the initial uplift of the Eastern Cordillera divided the main depocenter into two central axes. Accommodation space diminished in uplifted regions but continued to increase in the depocenters allowing sporadic marine ingressions into the present position of the Llanos foothills. As uplift of the Eastern Cordillera continued, the eastern depocenter axis (proto-Orinoco) migrated east and the western depocenter axis (proto-Magdalena) migrated west. This process continued through the rest of the Cenozoic.