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Contents
Introduction 1
Capabilities and Functionality 1
Overview 1
Support for Standard Features 2
Performance Enhancements 2
Services Available 2
Feature Comparison Table for Microsoft TCP/IP Versions 3
Table 1. N=No, Y=Yes, and D=Disabled by Default 4
Internet RFCs Supported by Microsoft Windows 2000 TCP/IP 4
Table 2. RFCs supported by this version of Microsoft TCP/IP 5
Overview 7
Architectural Model 7
Plug and Play 7
The NDIS Interface and Below 8
Network Driver Interface Specification (3.1 through 5.0) 8
Link Layer Functionality 10
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) 11
Core Protocol Stack Components and the TDI Interface 12
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 12
ARP Cache 12
ARP Cache Aging 13
Internet Protocol (IP) 14
Routing 14
To administer the Routing and Remote Access 17
Duplicate IP Address Detection 17
Multihoming 18
Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) 19
IP Multicasting 19
IP over ATM 19
ATM Address Resolution 20
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 20
ICMP Router Discovery 20
Maintaining Route Tables 21
Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU) Discovery 21
Use of ICMP to Diagnose Problems 21
Quality of Service (QoS) and
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) 22
IP Security (IPSec) 25
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) 28
IP/ARP Extensions for IP Multicasting 29
Multicast Extensions to Windows Sockets 30
Use of IGMP by Windows Components 30
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 30
TCP Receive Window Size Calculation and Window Scaling (RFC 1323) 30
Delayed Acknowledgments 33
TCP Selective Acknowledgment (RFC 2018) 34
TCP Timestamps (RFC 1323) 35
Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU) Discovery 36
Dead Gateway Detection 39
TCP Retransmission Behavior 40
TCP Keep-Alive Messages 41
Slow Start Algorithm and Congestion Avoidance 42
Silly Window Syndrome (SWS) 42
Nagle Algorithm 42
TCP TIME-WAIT Delay 44
TCP Connections to and from Multihomed Computers 44
Throughput Considerations 45
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 46
UDP and Name Resolution 46
Mailslots over UDP 47
NetBIOS over TCP/IP 47
Transport Driver Interface (TDI) 47
TDI Features 47
Security Considerations 48
Network Application Interfaces 48
Windows Sockets 48
Applications 49
Name and Address Resolution 49
Support for IP Multicasting 49
Backlog Parameter 49
Push Bit Interpretation 50
NetBIOS over TCP/IP 50
NetBIOS Names 51
Table 3. Examples of NetBIOS names used by Microsoft components 52
NetBIOS Name Registration and Resolution 52
NetBIOS Name Registration and Resolution for Multihomed Computers 53
NetBT Internet/DNS Enhancements and the SMB Device 54
NetBIOS over TCP Sessions 55
NetBIOS Datagram Services 55
Critical Client Services and Stack Components 56
Automatic Client Configuration and Media Sense 56
Dynamic Update DNS Client 58
DNS Resolver Cache Service 58
TCP/IP Troubleshooting Tools and Strategies 59
IPConfig Tool 59
Ping Tool 60
PathPing Tool 61
Arp Tool 63
Tracert Tool 63
Route Tool 63
Netstat 64
NBTStat Tool 67
Nslookup Tool 67
Microsoft Network Monitor 69
Summary 69
For More Information 69
Appendix A: TCP/IP Configuration Parameters 69
Parameters Configurable Using the Registry Editor 70
Parameters Configurable from the User Interface 90
Parameters Configurable Using the Route Command 93
Non-Configurable Parameters 94
ATM ARP Client Parameters 97
Appendix B:
NetBIOS over TCP Configuration Parameters 102
Parameters Configurable Using the Registry Editor 102
Parameters Configurable from the Connections UI 110
Non-Configurable Parameters 112
Appendix C:
Windows Sockets and DNS Registry Parameters 113
AFD Registry Parameters 113
Dynamic DNS Registration Parameters 118
DNS Caching Resolver Service Registry Parameters 120
Name Resolution Parameters 122
Appendix D: Tuning TCP/IP Response to Attack 123
TCP/IP Security Settings 123
