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Field Instrumentation
Clogging of Throat
Particulate or suspended solids can damage the flow sensor by the high velocities wearing at the flow sensor surfaces. Also, the buildup of material in the throat of the sensor increases the differential pressure across the cell. The error inflow measurement will increase as the flow increases.
Plugged or Leaking Sensing Lines
The effects of plugged or leaking DP sensing lines is the same as described in previous modules, however the effects are more pronounced with the possible low differential pressures. Periodic maintenance and bleeding of the sensing lines is a must. The instrument error will depend on where the plug/leak is On the HP side a plugged or leaking sensing line will cause a lower reading.


78 Field Instrumentation GEN Rev) The reading will become irrational if the LP pressure equals or exceeds the HP sensing pressure. On the LP side a plugged or leaking sensing line will cause a higher reading.





































79 Field Instrumentation GEN Rev)

4. LEVEL

OBJECTIVES:

Upon Completion of this topic one should be able to understand

1. Explain how a level signal is derived for an open vessel, a closed vessel with dry reference leg, a closed vessel with wet reference leg.
2. Explain how a bubbler derives level signal for an open and closed tank
3. Explain the need for zero suppression and zero elevation in level measurement installations
4. Describe the effects of varying liquid temperature or pressure on level indication from a differential pressure transmitter
5. Explain how errors are introduced into the DP cell signal by abnormalities leaking sensing lines, dirt or debris in the sensing lines.

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