Sept/Oct 2013 Neg: No Change in Outcome foundationbriefs.com Page 59 of 104 Increase in Voter Turnout due to CV would not make a difference in Elections, JMR Armin Shafer. Republican Liberty and Compulsory Voting Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. November 2011. Pg 13. Studies that compare voters and nonvoters are usually based on survey analysis For example, Heighton and
Wolfinger (2001) use survey data from US presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 to see how voters and nonvoters differ. While they find that nonvoters are slightly more favorable toward liberal (social democratic)
policies and, in 1996, expressed greater support for Bill Clinton, the differences in relation to most other items are rather small. They conclude that nonvoters do not form a homogeneous group and that an increase in turnout would hardly make much of a difference. Simulating how Senate election results would have
changed had everyone voted, Citrin et al. (2003) also conclude that those who abstain are more likely to favor the Democratic Party, but that few results would have been different with higher turnout rates In simulating which party nonvoters would have chosen had they voted in the European Parliament election of 2009,
van der Eijk et al. (2010) also conclude that the effects would have been negligible for the vast majority of parties. Finally, Kohler (2011) shows that higher turnout would only have affected government formation in one German general election (2005) with a reasonably high level of probability.
