21st Century Grammar Handbook



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21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar
Infinitive. The main or root form of a verb plus “to” constitutes the grammatical form of a verb called an infinitive.
In nitives can be used in many ways, including as adjective, adverb, or noun
phrases: To err is human They also often appear with auxiliary verbs It is going to rain.”

When in nitive phrases appear as objects of verbs, the subjects of those phrases are in the objective case: We asked the cabdriver to move Although the case of cabdriver in the example is not apparent since most nouns do not change form in
English objective case, putting a pronoun into the sentence reveals what has happened We asked her to move.”
Another peculiarity of in nitives is their cohesiveness their need to stand together with their supporting to for clarity. This has led to a rule that bars
“splitting” the in nitive with words falling between the to and the main verb. But the rule cannot be slavishly followed, as many unsplit in nitives sound awkward or pretentious I want quickly to reach our goal The example is correct (as would be:
“I want to reach our goal quickly though slightly di erent in meaning and slightly less awkward. I want to quickly reach our goal is acceptable inmost circumstances, although it probably shouldn’t appear in school papers. If your sentence simply won’t work without splitting an in nitive and you are worried that breaking the rule will bother your audience, you might revise your statement to avoid the infinitive altogether I want our goal reached quickly See split infinitive.
When in nitive phrases begin a sentence and are not its subject, they are usually followed by a comma: To reach our goal quickly, we need to work hard As with all such phrases (prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, and interjections), usage varies,
allowing some shorter phrases that “ ta sentence more closely to stand without a comma. However, the inversion that occurs when in nitive phrases lead a sentence rarely allows the comma to be dropped.
When using in nitives in titles or other emphasized material that is capitalized, do not capitalize the to unless it is the rst word The article was called Working to
Reach Goals ” See capitalization and emphasis.
Inflection. In ection is the change in word forms tore ect changed grammatical roles—for case, number, tense, comparison, or for any other reason. Her and “him”
a rein ected forms of “she” and “he”—the objective case—just as “were” is an inflected form of to be”—the past tense plural or subjunctive.

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