1. Housing and Urbanization
Many researchers have described the conditions of the housing where over 60% of urban dwellers live in Nigeria as highly deplorable (Onokerhoraye, 1976; Wahab, et al. 1990; Olotuah and Adesiji, 2005). High rates of overcrowding, substandard buildings, and infrastructural inadequacies have been reported in all the urban centres in Nigeria (Adedibu, 1985 and
Onibokun, 1987). Over 75% of the dwelling units in Nigeria‟s urban centres are substandard and the dwellings are sited in slums. Thus, over 60% of the urban dwellers live in slums characterized with overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions, lack or inadequate basic facilities and amenities, crimes and poverty among other things. While some urban dwellers still struggle to live in deplorable slums that are nothing but objects of visual pollutants to the western world, some are even homeless thereby sleeping around indifferent abandoned vehicles and buildings, under bridges, in stores and soon. This is as a result of high housing rent and cost of land in urban centres which the rural migrants cannot afford. Urbanization tends to increase the number of unoccupied housing in the countryside, while the housing occupancy rate in urban centres is at the extreme to the extents that people live in any available uncompleted structures and slums. From the study of Olotuah (2005), the average occupancy rate in Akure, the capital city of Ondo State Nigeria is 4.42, while the World Health Organization (WHO) stipulates between 1.8 and
3.1, while the Nigerian Government is of the opinion of 2.0 per room (Okoko, 2001). Building collapse is alarming in Nigerian urban centres, and the incidence is minimal in the countryside. Urbanization influences building collapse, as the demand for more commercial, industrial and residential activities is very high due to the population growth of urban centres.
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