P a r t transformations of North America

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER REVIEW
39
KEY TURNING POINTS:
The domestication of maize (6000 b.c.), the founding of Tenochtit- lán (1325), and the conquest of the Aztec empire (1519–1521). How did the domestication of maize make the city of Tenochtitlán possible What characteristics of the Aztec empire and its capital city made it vulnerable to conquest?
c. 13,000–3000
B
.
C
.
t
Asian migrants reach North America
c. 6000
B
.
C
.
t
Domestication of maize begins in Mesoamerica
312
t
Roman emperor Constantine converts to Christianity
c. 600
t
Pueblo cultures emerge
632
t
Death of Muhammad
632–1100
t
Arab people adopt Islam and spread its influence
c. 800
t
Ghana Empire emerges
c. 1000
t
Irrigation developed by Hohokam, Mogollon, and Anasazi peoples
c. 1000–1350
t
Development of Mississippian culture
c. 1050
t
The founding of Cahokia
1096–1291
t
Crusades link Europe with Arab trade routes
c. 1150
t
Chaco Canyon abandoned
c. 1200
t
Mali Empire emerges
1300–1450
t
The Renaissance in Italy
c. 1325
t
Aztecs establish capital at Tenochtitlán
1326
t
Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca
c. 1350
t
The Black Death sweeps Europe Cahokia goes into rapid decline
c. 1400
t
Songhai Empire emerges
1435
t
Portuguese trade begins along West and Central African coasts
1492
t
Christopher Columbus makes first voyage to America
1497–1498
t
Portugal’s Vasco da Gama reaches East Africa and India
1500
t
Pedro Alvares Cabral encounters Brazil
c. 1500
t
Founding of the Iroquois Confederacy
1513
t
Juan Ponce de Len explores Florida
1517
t
Martin Luther sparks Protestant Reformation
1519–1521
t
Hernán Cortés conquers Aztec Empire
1532–1535
t
Francisco Pizarro vanquishes Incas
1536
t
John Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion
1540
t
De Soto meets the Lady of Cofachiqui; founding of the Jesuit order
1578
t
Duarte Lopez visits the Kongo capital

TIMELINE
Ask yourself why this chapter begins and ends with these dates and then identify the links among related events.