119 "using false provocation operations to disguise their activities..." "False flag operations are covert operations conducted by governments, corporations, or other organizations, which are designed to appear as if they are being carried out by other entities. The name is derived from the military concept of flying false colors that is, flying the flag of a country other than one's own. False flag operations are not limited to war and counterinsurgency operations, and have been used in peacetime for example, during Italy's strategy of tension. During the Italian strategy of tension in which several bombings in the s, attributed to far-left organizations, were in fact carried out by far-right organizations cooperating with the Italian secret services (see Operation Gladio, 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing, 1972 Peteano attack by Vincenzo Vinciguerra, 1973 assassination attempt of former Interior Minister Mariano Rumor, 1980 Bologna massacre, etc. and various investigations, for example by Guido Salvini). In France, the Masada Action and Defense Movement, supposedly a Zionist group, was really a neo-fascist terrorist group which hoped to increase tension between Arabs and Jews in France. False flag tactics were also employed during the Algerian civil war, starting in the mid. Death squads composed of DRS(Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité) security forces disguised themselves as Islamist terrorists and committed false flag terror attacks. Such groups included the OJAL (Organisation of Young Free Algerians) or the OSSRA (Secret Organisation for the safeguard of the Algerian Republic) According to Roger Faligot and Pascal Kropp (1999), the OJAL reminded of "the Organization of the French Algerian Resistance (ORAF), a group of counter-terrorists created in December 1956 by the DST Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire / Territorial Surveillance Directorate) whose mission was to carryout terrorist attacks with the aim of quashing any hopes of political compromise."