Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 9 Design, Analysis, and Testing of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations that Support Transportation Facilities
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| 1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW A literature review was performed as part of the development of this document. The intent of the literature review was to identify gaps in the literature and existing practice so that this document would enhance, rather than duplicate, the existing state-of-the-practice. The literature review included review of various publications and guidelines by state DOTs, publications by other U.S.-based sources including FHWA, AASHTO, and other organizations, as well as a review of published international sources that could be considered comparable to US. practice. Published case histories and lateral load test studies were also reviewed. The literature review provided information about how various state DOTs have implemented the LRFD design platform with regard to laterally loaded deep foundation applications, and how other organizations, both U.S.-based and internationally, address requirements for laterally loaded deep foundations. The literature review report is included in Appendix E. 15 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF MANUAL The remainder of this document is organized as follows • Chapter 2: Lateral Load Applications and Selection of Deep Foundation Type for Transportation Projects . This chapter provides an overview of lateral load applications for transportation projects, and discusses the common types of deep foundations that are used in situations where lateral loads control the design. Chapter 2 also identifies foundation types that are excluded from consideration. • Chapter 3: Geotechnical Characterization for Design of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations. This chapter discusses subsurface investigation and testing methods, and identifies the relevant soil and rock engineering parameters needed for analyzing and designing laterally loaded deep foundations. • Chapter 4: LRFD Design Requirements and Limit States for Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations. This chapter provides a discussion of the LRFD design platform including Limit States, load factors, and resistance factors as they relate to the design of laterally loaded deep foundations. • Chapter 5: Design Process and Design Team Roles for Analysis of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations . This chapter provides an overview of the design procedures typically used in practice, along with typical roles for geotechnical and structural engineers who collaborate in the design process. • Chapter 6: Analysis for Laterally Loaded Single Deep Foundation Elements. This chapter presents methods for analyzing single laterally loaded deep foundation elements, including simplified methods and more complex methods requiring computer software. Discussion of the applicability and use of each design method and other design considerations are also presented. • Chapter 7: Lateral Analysis of Groups of Deep Foundations. This chapter addresses lateral analysis of groups of deep foundation elements including considerations for groups versus single foundations, spacing of deep foundation elements, group effects, frame action, and other considerations. • Chapter 8: Design for Extreme Events. This chapter presents recommended design methods for laterally loaded piles/shafts under extreme conditions such as seismic and vessel impact loading. • Chapter 9: Design for Earth Retention Structures. This chapter addresses considerations for deep foundations for earth retention structures such as wall types, earth pressures, geotechnical strengths, and evaluation of deformations. • Chapter 10: Design for Slope Stabilization. This chapter addresses analysis of deep foundations used for slope stabilization applications including determination of earth loads and soil-pile models. • Chapter 11: Structural Design and Performance. This chapter presents considerations for structural design for shear and moments in deep foundations, foundation types and considerations, connections to superstructure, and foundations in rock which may develop high shear near the top of rock. • Chapter 12: Lateral Load Tests . This chapter provides a description of the procedures used to conduct and interpret the results of lateral load tests on deep foundation elements, including considerations for use of such tests, limitations, alternatives to testing, types of tests, instrumentation and data analyses for the tests, and lateral load test reports. • Chapter 13: Construction Considerations. This chapter discusses construction considerations that may impact lateral load capacity of deep foundations. • References. A compiled list of references cited in the text of the report. 16 • Appendix A This appendix presents example p-y curves and parameters for various conditions based on published sources. • Appendix Bi This appendix provides detailed design examples. • Appendix Ci This appendix provides example load test results and interpretation fora laterally loaded deep foundation. • Appendix Di This appendix provides a guide specification for lateral load tests. • Appendix E This appendix consists of a report that documents the findings of a literature review regarding current state of practice for laterally loaded deep foundation design. |