National open university of nigeria school of arts and social sciences

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ENG223 Discourse Analysis

4.0 Conclusion

This unit is the conclusion of what we started in Unit 11. Apart from the grammatical devices used for achieving cohesion in texts, which we discussed in Unit 12, we identified also the lexical devices in this Unit. Six lexical devices were discussed in this Unit – Reiteration, Synonymy, Antonymy, Hyponymy, Meronymy, and Collocation. Any good text is made up of a carefully chosen series of lexical items that are related in any of the ways we have identified. It is the relatedness of the items in meaning that makes a text to be cohesive and coherent.
5.0 Summary
Cohesion is a very important attribute of any well-constructed text. Cohesion is achieved either through the use of any of the grammatical or lexical devices we have discussed in the unit. It is important that you are able to identify in any text – written or spoken, any of the following devices we have discussed and explain how you have come to recognize the link.
6.0 Tutor-marked Assignment
(i) Explain the difference between Meronymy and Hyponymy. ii) Select a feature article in a newspaper and discuss the lexical cohesion in the feature article.
7.0 References/Further Reading
Halliday, M.A.K. and Hasan , R. (1976) Cohesion in English. London Longman.

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MODULE FIVE APPROACHES TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS III
Unit 1: Pragmatics An Introduction
Unit 2: Speech Acts
Unit 3: Grice’s Cooperative Principles
Unit 4: Politeness Principles
Unit 1: Pragmatics An Introduction

Contents
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Unit Objective
3.0 Main Content
3.1 What is pragmatics
3.2 Some Basic Pragmatic Principles
3.2.1 Presupposition
3.2.2 Entailment
3.2.3 Implicature
3.2.4 Deixis
3.3 Utterance and Context
3.4 Self-assessed Exercises
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
6.0 Tutor-marked Assignment
7.0 References/Further Reading

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