FIGURE 1. Complex Speech Act of Fallacies in Pragma-dialectical Approach METHOD This study adopted the Pragma-dialectical approach proposed by Van Eemeren et alto analyze the complex speech act of fallacies in ten political speeches of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Although the Pragma-dialectical approach was designed to analyze dialogue speech political debate, this study attempts to show the validity of this approach in analyzing political discourse in monologue speeches. For this purpose, this study follows a textual analysis method for data analysis. Based on this approach, interpreting the meaning in a given text is usually made through following a theoretical framework depending on the research questions and objectives (Lockyer, 2008). The speeches were purposely sampled, and written in Arabic language. They were translated into English by a native Arabic translator with an MA. degree in English language who has a membership in the Iraqi Translators Association. Then, the translations were verified by two professors who are native Arabic speakers with PhD in English language at the College of Art/University of Mosul/Iraq. The data were collected from two official websites ( http://www.pmo.iq/press/ , http://www.cabinet.iq/ArticleShow.aspx ), namely, the official website of PM Nouri al-Maliki and the official website of Iraqi cabinet. The data consisted often speeches that were delivered from April 2013 to May 2014 with a total of 10,504 words. The speeches were selected based on the following inclusion criteria (i) speeches are addressed to Iraqi citizens, (ii) speeches must be broadcasted on TV (iii) speeches must address topics on election, terrorism, and sectarianism. Context Elementary acts of pp, and unexpressed premise Complex speech act) Illocutionary force Conclusion) Unexpressed premise PP
GEMA Online ® Journal of Language Studies Volume 22(4), November 2022 http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2022-2204-11 eISSN: 2550-2131 ISSN: 1675-8021 192
