A. Wallwork
, English for Research Usage, Style, and Grammar,DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1593-0_7, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
7.1 that, which, who, whose 1. Use
that and
which for things, and
who for people.
2. After a preposition, use
which (things) and
whom (people. Note the word order.
3. If you put an adjective
after the noun it describes, then this adjective should normally be introduced by
that ,
which or
who. 4.
Whose indicates possession.
YES NO 1 Apples first CEO was Michael Scott,
who ran the company from 1977 to
1982. Apples
first CEO was Michael Scott that ran the company from 1977 to
1982.
2 I have several mobile phones, many
of which don’t work. I have several mobile phones, many
of that don’t work.
2 This
institute employs many people, most
of whom are technicians. This institute employs many people, most
of who are technicians.
3 I meta student
who is 25 years old.
She wrote a document which / that is five pages long. I meta
student 25 years old. She wrote ab document five b pages long.
4 Professor Shirov,
whose seminal paper was published in 1996, is professor of … Professor Shirov,
who’s seminal paper was published in 1996, is professor of …
7 Relative pronouns that, which, who, whose 44
7.2 that versus which and who 1.
That – when you want to define the preceding noun in order to differentiate it from another noun. The resulting clause is often referred to as a defining, identifying or restrictive clause. Note in nonscientific technical English this rule is often ignored.
2.
Which, who – to add parenthetical information about the preceding noun. Such parenthetical information is not essential to the sentence – if it was removed the sentence would still make sense. In such cases you are not differentiating the noun but simply giving further details. The subordinate clause in which
who and
which occurs is generally separated by commas. The resulting clause
is often referred to as a “non-de fining clause.
3.
Which, who – to add additional information at the end of sentence. The resulting clause is often referred to as a connective relative clause.
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