Pay to the order of

1. Arturo Morales Carrion, Puerto Rico: A Political and

2. Letter of Reps. Don Young, Ben Gilman, Elton Gallegly and

Dan Burton to the Speaker of the House and President of the

Senate, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Committee on Resources,

U.S. House of Representatives, 104th Congress, Second Session,

February 29, 1996.

3. Ibid.

4. Carrion, op. cit., p. 47.

5. “More Details on Calderon Lobbying Expenses Revealed,”

Puerto Rico-Herald, March 1, 2002.

6. Statement of Rep. Dan Burton, Congressional Record,

March 4, 1998, 105th Congress, 1st Session, H796.

7. Ibid., H785.

8. Ibid., H800.

Chapter 10

1. Web site of Congressman Tom DeLay at http://tomdelay.

house.gov/biography.htm, available August 29, 2003.

2. “Puerto Rico: A GOP Death Wish,” NR Online Special,

September 17, 1998, at http://www.nationalreview.com/daily/

449

nr091898.html.

3. Statement of Representative Anibal Acevedo Vila,

President, Popular Democratic Party (PPD), Transcript of

“Workshop 1, S. 472, Puerto Rico Self-Determination Act,”

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Senate, April 2,

1998; at http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/vol2n07/s472-

Workshop-980402.shtml.

4. Introductory statement of Senator Frank Murkowski,

Transcript of “Workshop 1, S. 472, Puerto Rico Self-Determination

Act,” Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Senate,

April 2, 1998; at http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/

vol2n07/s472-Workshop-980402.shtml.

5. S. Res. 279, September 17, 1998, 105th Congress, 2nd

Session, at www.thomas.loc.gov.

6. Statement of the Hon. Pedro Rossello, Governor of Puerto

Rico, Transcript of “Workshop 1, S. 472, Puerto Rico Self-

Determination Act,” Committee on Energy and Natural Resources,

U.S. Senate, April 2, 1998; at http://www.puertorico-herald.org/

issues/vol2n07/s472-Workshop-980402.shtml.

7. Eric Green, “Hispanics Vote 2-1 for Gore over Bush in U.S.

Presidential Election (But analysts say Bush vote from Hispanics is

impressive)”, Washington File, November 14, 2000; at

http://www.usembassy.it/file2000_11/alia/a011140h.htm

8. Fact Sheet, “No Child Left Behind Act is Good News for

Children and Families of Puerto Rico,” White House web site, at

www.whitehouse.gov.

9. Ivan Roman, “Pasquera Raises the Flag,” The Orlando

http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2002/ vol6n25/PesqRaises

Flag-en.shtml.

10. Joanisabel Gonzalez-Velazquez, “Mercado Advocates for

His Public Policy on Foreign Affairs,” WOW News, August 27,

2003, at http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2003/vol7n35/

Media2-en.shtml.

11. “No Seat at the International Table for Governor Calderon,”

herald.org/issues/2003/ vol7n35/ Poll0735-en.shtml.

450

Endnotes

Chapter 12

1. Eric Gislason, “A Brief History of Alaska Statehood (1867-

1959),” at http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/BARTLETT/49state.

html.

3. Ibid.

Success,” Congressional Record, Extensions of Remarks, May 8,

2003, E900.

Chapter 13

1. Michael S. Vigil, Statement before the House Government

Reform Committee, January 4, 2000, p. 1. Mr. Vigil is the special

agent in charge, San Juan Field Division, Drug Enforcement

Administration, U.S. Department of Justice.

2. Vigil, op. cit., p. 2.

3. Material on the role of specially designed watercraft during

Prohibition is drawn from Donald L. Canney’s informative

summary, “Rum War: The U.S. Coast Guard and Prohibition,” at

http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-cp/history/h_rumwar.html.

4. “ONDCP Fact Sheet: Interdiction Operations,” at

http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/international/fa

ctsht/ interdiction.html, June 5, 2003.

5. “U.S. Coast Guard Fires at Drug Boats,” http://www.helis.

com/news/1999/uscgfire.htm, September 13, 1999.

6. John Collins, “Panama Remains Top Container Port in

Region,” June 3, 2002; See http://www.revistainterforum.com/

english/articles/060302 collins_panama.html.

7. Statement by Michael S. Vigil, Special Agent in Charge,

Caribbean Field Division, Drug Enforcement Administration,

Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice Oversight,

Committee on the Judiciary, May 9, 2000, pp. 4-5.

8. Ibid., p. 4.

9. Ibid., p. 1.

10. Growing Up Puerto Rican, edited by Paulette Cooper,

Foreword by Jose Torres (Arbor House: New York, 1972), p. 125.

11. Vigil, op. cit., p. 2.

12. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Heroin in the

451

Pay to the Order of Puerto Rico

Caribbean Region, 2002, http://www/unodc.org/pdf/barbados/

caribbean_factsheet_heroin_2002.pdf.

13. Emilio Pantojas-Garcia, The Social Cost of the

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico’s Development Model, November

4, 2002, pp 22-23.

14. Ibid., p. 23.

15. Vigil, op. cit., pp. 2-3.

16. Robert Becker, “Corruption Finds Fertile Soil in Police

Department,” Puerto Rican Herald, August 24, 2001.

Chapter 14

1. Interview with Mike McDonald, PBS Frontline, at

www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/mcdon

ald.html.

2. Statement of Rep. Ron Paul, “Threats to Financial Freedom,”

Congressional Record, October 19, 2000, p. 1868-69.

3. McDonald, PBS Frontline.

4. Website, FAQs, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network,

U.S. Department of the Treasury, http://www.fincen.gov/af_faqs.

html.

5. Morey Gordon, “U.S. criminals enjoy fun in sun washing

Associated Press, in The Dallas Morning News. September 13,

1999.

6. “The BCCI Affair,” A Report to the Committee on Foreign

Hank Brown, December 1992, 102nd Congress, 2nd Session, Senate

Print 102-140, Executive Summary. This quotation is taken from

the final draft version of the report found at www.fas.org/irp/

congress/1992_rpt/bcci/01exec.htm. A note accompanying the draft

states that it differs only slightly from the formally printed copy of

the report.

7. Ibid., at www.fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/04crime.

htm, citing Blum, S. Hrg. 102-350, Pt. 1, p. 61.

8. Idem.

Group of Financial Intelligence Units on Tracking Terrorist

452

Endnotes

Finances, Washington, D.C., June 4, 2003, at http://www.customs.

ustreas.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/commissioner/speeches_statements/

archives/oct312001.xml.

10. “Operation Casablanca Continues Its Sweep,” Treasury News,

Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Treasury Department, May 20, 1998.

11. Gordon, op. cit.

12. Mike Godfrey, “Puerto Rico Aims to Become International

Finance Centre,” Tax-News.Com (New York, October 24, 2001) at

http://www.tax-news.com/asp/story/story.asp?storyname=5947.

13. “U.S. Customs Service & San Juan ‘HIFCA’ Dismantle

Major Money Laundering and Drug Trafficking Organization:

Operation High Wire Results in 15 Arrests in Puerto Rico and

California,” U.S. Customs Service release, July 12, 2002.

14. Ivan Roman, “Puerto Rican Bank to Pay $21.6 Million Fine

over Drug Money Laundering,” The Orlando Sentinel, January 18,

2003.

15. Editorial, The Miami Herald, March 28, 1998.

1. “American Veterans Committee for Puerto Rico Self-

Determination-Heroes,” http://www.veteransforpr.com/heroes.htm;

web site of the American Veterans Committee for Puerto Rico Self-

Determination.

2. Edda Ponsa-Flores, “Citizens Who Can’t Vote for President:

The Spectacle in Florida Has an Extra Resonance in Puerto Rico,”

The New York Times, December 8, 2000, at http://www.puertoricoherald.

org/issues/vol4n50/CitzCantVote-en.shtml.

3. “Roosevelt Roads History and Facts,” http://www.navstarr.

navy.mil/Homepage/roosevelt_roads_history_and_fact.htm

4. Max Pizarro, ”Powerful: San Juan archbishop urges prayers

to beatified Puerto Rican in Vieques strife,” Online Archive,

5. Testimony of Paul Wolfowitz, Deputy Secretary of Defense,

Before the House Armed Service Committee, June 27, 2001, at

http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/2001/s20010627-depsecdef.

html

6. James G. Lakely, “End of live bombing at Vieques makes

453

http://washingtontimes.com/national/20030720-115928-5820r. htm

7. Idem.

8. John Marino, “The Bittersweet Vieques Victory,” The

org/issues/2003/vol7n03/PRR 0703-en.shtml

9. Idem.

10. Maria Padilla, “Base Closings Will Hit Many Puerto Ricans

in Wallet,” The Orlando Sentinel, January 13, 2003.

11. Joanisabel Gonzalez-Velazquez, “Ceiba Residents Prefer

That Roosevelt Roads Stay,” WOW News, July 12, 2003, reprinted

in The Puerto Rican Herald at http://216.219.216.204/issues/2003/

vol7n29/RRClosure-en.shtml

12. Monica Somocurcio, “U.S. militarisation of Puerto Rico

increases,” abridged from Workers World Service at ww@workers.

org, at http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/1998/331/331p19b.

htm

13. Guillermo Moscoso, “Anti-Drug Radar Should Get Warm

14. Associated Press, “Officials: Relocatable Over-The-Horizon

Radar Successful,” February 13, 2003, reprinted in The Puerto

Rican Herald at http://216.219.216.204/issues/2003/vol7n07/

Media1-en.shtml

15. Joanisabel Gonzalez-Velazquez, op. cit.

16. Marino, op. cit.

17. Jack Spencer, “Vieques Island: Peace vs. Quiet,” Knight-

Ridder News Wire, April 27, 2001, at http://www.heritage.org/

Research/NationalSecurity/ed042701b.cfm.

18. Arturo Morales Carrion, Puerto Rico: A Political and

19. Ibid., p. 345.

20. Myriam Marquez “Calderon’s Voting Push Is Right on The

Money, Drive Targeting Florida,” The Orlando Sentinel, July 25,

2002, reprinted The Puerto Rican Herald at http://www.puertoricoherald.

org/issues/2002/vol6n32/CaldVotPush-en.shtml.

21. “America 2000: Democratic National Platform: Prosperity,

Progress, and Peace,” adopted at Los Angeles, California, August

15, 2000; text at www.democrats.org/about/2000platform.html.

454

22. “Renewing America’s Purpose. Together,” Republican

Platform 2000, adopted at Philadelphia, Pa., July 31 - August 3,

2000; text at www.c-span.org/campaign2000/gopplatform.org.

23. Ozzie Gonzalez, “Latinos in the Major Leagues: The

Breakdown 2000,” Latin Legends in Sports, June 2000, at

http://www.latinosportslegends.com/ LatinsinMLB_2000.htm.

24. Ibid.

25. “Expos to play 22 home games in Puerto Rico next season,”

November 21, 2002, at http://www.latinosportslegends.com/2002/

expos_to_play_22 games_in_puerto rico-112102.htm.

26. Ronald Blum, “Montreal Expos could play all home games

in Puerto Rico next year,” July 16, 2003, at http://ca.sports.yahoo.

com/030716/6/twqs.html.

27. Ibid.

28. George W. Bush, “President Honors 2003 Presidential

Medal of Freedom Recipients,” Remarks by the President in

Presentation of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, The East Room,

The White House, Washington, D.C., Office of the Press Secretary,

July 23, 2003, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/

2003/07/20030723-9.html

Chapter 17

1. “Full-text Listiings of Official Model of Honor Citations,”

U.S. Center of Military History, http://www.cimy.mil/cmhpg/

mohl.htm.