Performance Report for Cooperative Agreement No: na06oar4810163 for the Period from September 1, 2006 to August 31, 2012 University of Maryland Eastern Shore
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RESULTS: All monkfish collected were females ranging in size from 69 to 118 cm, with a modal size of 91 cm. Most fish (>70%) were collected during February and from April to June, with very few fish collected the rest of the year because of the seasonality in fishing effort. Approximately 95% of the monkfish were collected from the southern management region extending from Buzzards Bay, MA to waters off Chincoteague, VA. The majority of fish (>60%) collected during this study came from waters off Pt. Judith, RI and off Ocean City, MD. Age and Growth: To date, age has been determined for 400 fish ranging in size from 69 to 118 cm that were collected during 2006 and 2007. These fish ranged in age from 8 to 13 years. The average annual increment between age classes was 8.8 cm. The greatest increase in growth appears to occur during the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the year; almost no increase in size at age was observed for samples taken during the 4th quarter. Reproduction: Hepato-somatic and gonado-somatic indices were determined for 419 monkfish, and gonadal histology for 383 monkfish. Mean HSI was significantly higher for February than all other months (P < 0.005) except January and July. Mean GSI values peaked during February through April with another peak in June. The June peak in GSI represents samples collected in waters off New York, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The variance in GSI values increased in April because the percent of females in post-spawning condition increased from 16% (March) to 55%. This was also similar for females caught in June, where 78% were post-spawning females with atretic oocytes in their gonads. Females with hydrated oocytes (FOM) were found from January to June and August but most were caught in February, April and June. Comparisons of GSI and HSI to gonadal histology in females showed mean HSI was highest in females with vitellogenic oocytes, while GSI peaked during final oocyte maturation. Mean HSI values were significantly higher in females with vitellogenic and hydrated oocytes than those with cortical alveoli (P < 0.0001) and atretic oocytes (P = 0.0018 and P < 0.0001 respectively) whereas mean GSI were significantly different at each stage of gonadal development (P < 0.001). Food Habits: Of the 700 stomachs examined during the two years of this study, 65.9% were empty, 34.1% contained prey remains (including monkfish), and 5.5% contained remains of monkfish. Skate, monkfish and mackerel were the most frequent identifiable prey items. Gender of monkfish prey was identifiable in two prey specimens, one female and the other male. The incidence of prey items was lowest in post-spawning monkfish (spent or resting). How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? The results may be used to help improve several aspects of the population assessment for monkfish, including: (1) Estimates of growth rates for monkfish, which are currently insufficient for determining asymptotic length due to a lack of large aged specimens, (2) Cannibalism rates found in this study are much higher than in smaller monkfish. This will be incorporated in modeling studies and may have implications for optimal harvesting strategies. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? This study has provided training in monkfish biology and biological sampling for several undergraduates and a graduate student (Daniel Cullen) who has spent time working at the NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA studying different aspects of monkfish biology and learning various fisheries techniques such as fish dissection, processing tissue samples for histology, analyzing gut contents, identifying parasites in tissues and organs and aging monkfish using both illicium and vertebra. 4) Project Title: Seasonal Differences in larval ingression through Ocean City Inlet (Maryland) Project Description: During 2006-07, ichthyoplankton ingress was monitored into Chincoteague Bay at the northern, Ocean City Inlet. During each sampling event, climatic and in situ environmental variables were measured. The seasonality of ichthyoplankton was determined by collecting weekly samples throughout the year. Larval fish densities were related to environmental variables. The dataset extended a two year dataset and partnership with NOAA (Dr. Gretchen Bath-Martin), Rutgers University Marine Field Station (Dr. Kenneth Able), and University of Delaware (Dr. Timothy Targett). Thematic Area Addressed: Quantitative Fisheries Lead Scientist(s): Dr. Joseph W. Love NOAA Collaborator(s): Dr. Gretchen Bath-Martin (NOAA Beaufort Lab) LMRCSC Collaborator(s): None LMRCSC Research Student(s): Daniel Luers (Graduate Student, UMES) Additional Collaborator(s): Dr. Kenneth Able (Rutgers Univ.), Dr. Tim Targett (Univ. of Delaware) Planned Start Date: January 2007 Planned End Date: January 2008 Planned and actual results of project Larval fish ingress to Chincoteague Bay (MD) was documented for two discontinuous field seasons (December 2004-April 2005 and November 2005-April 2006) and continuously from November 2006 to February 2008 to evaluate spatial and temporal differences in ichthyoplankton densities. To date, only data collected from 2004 - 2006 have been analyzed. Data collected from November 2006 - February 2008 is currently being analyzed as part of a Master's Thesis, which will be delivered in Fall (2008). Eleven (11) species of larval fish were collected, and the most abundant was American eel (Anguilla rostrata, Lesuer). Assemblages differed among years, and between spring and winter, but not between northern and southern inlets that provide access between Chincoteague Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Variability in ichthyoplankton composition among years may be attributed to differences in the abundance of spot (Leiosotmus xanthurus Lacepède), summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus Linnaeus), and conger eel (Conger oceanicus Mitchill). Seasonal differences in ichthyoplankton communities may be attributed to the winter collection of speckled worm eel, Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus Linnaeus), Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe) and bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli Cuvier and Valenciennes). During spring, spot, summer flounder, conger eel, and striped cusk-eel (Ophidion marginatum DeKay) were collected. A canonical correspondence analysis of ichthyoplankton assemblage data indicated that ingress was best predicted by seasonal or annual demarcations rather than environmental variables (offshore water temperature, moon phase, wind angle, flow rate). Flow rates were strongly and positively associated with ingress for many species. The results support other studies that demonstrate a temporally-dependent ichthyoplankton assemblage, and a growing contention that larval fish ingress may provide a useful index for monitoring spawning stock biomass. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? A manuscript of the data, images of specimens, and material have been made available to the NOAA Beaufort Lab. These data may assist researchers by providing a relatively easy and biologically informative status of stocks compared to research cruises. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? Specimens are used to train students in fish taxonomy for Ichthyology (BIOL 488F/688B). Data have been added to a three year dataset to yield a manuscript that will be submitted to Fishery Bulletin by May 2008. 5) Project Title: Development of strain- and species– specific probes to investigate reservoirs and genetic diversity of the Blue Crab parasite, Hematodinium sp. Project Description: Hematodinium sp. is a crustacean parasite associated with fishery losses of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The commercial and recreational blue crab fishery is of critical economic and societal importance, yet there are insufficient tools to predict the occurrence and severity of Hematodinium sp. outbreaks. This project applied sensitive PCR-based assays to detect reservoirs of the parasite in crabs, prey species and the environment, thus contributing information to the question of parasite overwintering. The researchers have also acquired new parasite DNA sequence, from the ribosomal RNA genes, which is being used to develop a genetic ‘fingerprint’ for strains of Hematodinium sp. from different geographic areas. Together, these tools will allow tracking of Hematodinium sp. strains through time and space. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist(s): Eric J Schott (COMB) NOAA Collaborator(s): Gretchen Messick (NCCOS, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory) LMRCSC Collaborator(s): Joseph Pitula (UMES), Dionne Hoskins (SSU) and Rosemary Jagus (COMB) LMRCSC Research Student(s): Kimberly Williams (Undergraduate, UMES), Ammar Hanif (Undergraduate, Morgan State University) Start Date: January 1, 2007 Planned End Date: March 31, 2008 Planned and actual results of project: Dr. Schott and the two summer interns accompanied scientists (led by Eric Johnson) from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center on benthic assessment trips to Parsons Creek and Little Choptank, where sediment and crabs were collected. DNA was extracted from samples and Q-PCR conducted at COMB, to determine the pathogen load. Sediment DNA preparations were technically challenging. Kits designed for stool samples were assessed, but DNA produced was highly inhibitory to PCR. Real-time Hematodinium PCR (aka Q-PCR) analysis of samples from which PCR-inhibitory activity was removed using commercial kit: MoBio PowerClean was ultimately successful. This has now been established as the standard for any further environmental investigations. Many samples tested positive for suspiciously high levels of Hematodinium sp. Further analysis by attempts to amplify the ITS region of the rRNA genes, and sequencing of the SSU amplicon all indicated that the high apparent Hematodinium load in sediment was an artifact of cross reaction with DNA from free-living dinoflagellates. A substantial amount of information has been obtained on the ITS region,which is being used to design PCR primers to more specifically target Hematodinium sp. and not other dinoflagellates. The dataset of rRNA gene sequences from samples originating in Chesapeake Bay, MD coastal bays, and GA coastal bays will be analyzed for polymorphisms that correlate with geographic region. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? The goal is to provide general information on how outbreaks of the parasite arise, whether through crab-to-crab transmission, via an intermediate host that is also a crab prey, or via environmental reservoirs- chiefly sediment. The technology used in this study can also be incorporated into ongoing yearly surveys of crab health. Q-PCR assays derived from this study are being applied to annual crab health surveys conducted by G. Messick at COL, with the expectation that it will become a standard part of Hematodinium sp. forecasting. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? The introduction of the Q-PCR assay to the suite of tools to monitor crabs, their prey, and habitat will broaden students’ perspective and tie together the field-based and lab-based investigations into a holistic approach to understanding disease prevalence. Students who understand the fundamentals of Q-PCR will also be prepared to conduct and interpret other molecular studies. The application of a molecular approach to the full life cycle of a parasite emphasizes the need to take a systems approach to ecological studies. 6) Project Title: Evaluation of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) production in a fully contained, environmentally sustainable recirculating marine aquaculture system Project Description: Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is an emerging aquaculture candidate for both offshore and land-based marine recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). This study has evaluated the possibility of culturing this new candidate species in a fully contained marine RAS developed by COMB scientists. The novel marine RAS includes an anaerobic water treatment loop that enables the collection of organic waste from the fish culture tank and uses it to support the microbial process for nitrate reduction. It is believed that such systems will be used both for growing fish to market size, as well as in concert with offshore mariculture through the production of juveniles (hatchery/nursery) or seed fish of a desired optimal size for stocking net-pens. Thematic Area Addressed: Aquaculture Lead Scientist(s): Yossi Tal (COMB) NOAA Collaborator(s): Walton Dickhoff ( NOAA) LMRCSC Collaborator(s): Yonathan Zohar (COMB), Refik Orhun (RSMAS), Daniel Benetti (RSMAS) LMRCSC Research Student(s): David Shelton (Undergraduate, UMES) and Brandon Flowers (Undergraduate, UMES) Planned Start Date: January 1, 2007 Planned End Date: March 31, 2008 Planned and actual results of project: The main objectives of the study were to evaluate growth performance of Cobia in a fully contained COMB-type marine RAS and train two students in advanced methods for studying microbial communities in biofilters, as well as in culturing fish in commercial marine RAS pilots. These objectives were accomplished through the following activities: 2000 Cobia fingerlings with an average weight of 0.5 g were produced by the RSMAS hatchery and shipped to COMB on June 18, 2007. Upon arrival, fish were stocked in four 5 m3 nursery tanks and gradually acclimated to optimal grow-out conditions. At an average weight of 50g, the fish were moved to a fully recycled grow-out system that includes two 12 m3 fish tanks. Fish growth was determined by averaging the weight of 50 fish from each tank every two weeks during the course of the experiment. Essential water quality parameters including ammonia, nitrite, nitrate were measured daily. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? NOAA’s aquaculture program includes the development of sustainable, environmentally-friendly production methods for new species of commercially valuable marine fish. The current proposal goal is aligned with this mission. Cobia is an emerging aquaculture candidate for both offshore and land-based RAS systems. The COMB model system represents the new generation of marine RAS, which is completely contained with no or near-to-zero effect on the environment. The combination of a prime candidate species and innovative technology will undoubtedly produce a sustainable method for the production of this desirable new marine culture species. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? The underlying goal of this work is to provide training for two minority students in the state-of-the-art molecular methods to study microbial communities in marine biofilters, as well as the development of environmentally-responsible recirculating marine aquaculture systems technologies. The students took an active part in experiments design, data processing and evaluation. This training and experience as an active part in a scientific project serve as an excellent stepping stone for their future successful career as marine scientists that is part of the mission of the LMRCSC program. 7) Project Title: Evaluation of Chicken Litter as a Feminizing Agent in Striped Bass Project Description: Agricultural runoff is a major source of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). Chicken litter is a potentially rich source of plant-derived estrogenic EDC (phytoestrogens) which have been shown to alter sex development in a variety of fish species. This project examined the potency of a water soluble fraction of chicken litter (CLWSF) to impact sexual development in two types of transgenic zebrafish (sonic hedgehog (SHH), a model for neuron migration, and gonadotropin releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) green flourescent protein (GFP), a model for general brain development). These transgenic fish provide tractable model organisms for which a multitude of research tools are available, but will allow predictions on how chicken litter run-off might impact the spawning of striped bass in the Chesapeake Bay. Treatment concentrations were created by diluting chicken litter extract by 25X, 50X, 75X, 125X and 250X. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist(s): Dr. Rose Jagus coordinated this project with Dr. Eytan Abraham & Dr. Yoni Zohar at COMB and Dr. Johnson at UMES NOAA Collaborator(s): None LMRCSC Collaborator(s): Dr. Andrea Johnson (UMES) LMRCSC Research Student(s): Belita Nguluwe (Undergraduate, UMES) Start Date: 01/01/07 End Date: 02/29/08 Planned and actual results of project: Dr. Johnson provided the chicken litter water soluble fraction, collected from the UMES farm in June 2007. This project provided a summer internship to Belita Nguluwe undergraduate from UMES who performed the tests on zebrafish during the summer, 2007. Preliminary results from sonic hedgehog (SHH) revealed a delayed migration of neurons due to delayed biological development, however further investigation is required to verify this result. No specific effect was observed on gonadotropin releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) green flourescent protein (GFP) at any treatment concentration. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? This proposal addresses the RFP’s targeted research area of Essential Fish Habitat and is relevant to NOAA’s mission of conserving and managing the coastal and marine resources to meet the economic needs of the Nation. Since over 70-90% of the striped bass population utilize the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries for spawning and nursery grounds (Herbst 2002), the data collected in this study will greatly contribute to NOAA’s goals of assessing EFH of striped bass and other managed species. All data analyses will be performed by Drs. Zohar and Johnson and the results will be reported to NMFS, published in a peer-review journal and presented at scientific conferences. Thus, the results of this study will provide information that can be used to better manage the striped bass population and its estuarine spawning and nursery habitat, the Chesapeake Bay. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? The underlying educational goal of this work was to provide training for a minority undergraduate student in the state-of-the-art molecular methods to study fish reproduction. The student took an active part in experimental design, data processing and evaluation. Moreover, the student in this project was required to read and study relevant scientific papers related to the project prior to their arrival to COMB. This training and experience, as an active part in a scientific project, will serve as an excellent stepping stone for her future successful career as a marine scientist. 8) Project Title: Experimental assessment of the effects of contaminated sediments from Lower Hudson-Raritan estuary and Elizabeth River on winter flounder Project Description: Winter flounder spawn in estuaries, producing adhesive eggs that sink. This creates the potential for embryonic exposure to toxic sediments, which can result in both lethal and sublethal effects. Previous work showed that laboratory-reared winter flounder had higher in situ mortality, and displayed a variety of sublethal (morphological, survival to various early-life stages) effects following an embryonic exposure to local Lower Hudson-Raritan estuary sediments. Groups of juvenile winter flounder were also exposed to varying concentrations of sediments from Lower Hudson-Raritan estuary and mixed in varying proportions (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) with sediments from York River, Virginia for up to 60 days. Tissues of control and treatment groups of seven-day exposures were analyzed for 20 PCB congeners and 16 chlorinated pesticides by GC-ECD. The mean concentrations were higher in the treated fish for more than 70% of these contaminants, suggesting some contaminant uptake. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist(s): Dr. Yan Waguespack (UMES); Dr. Andrew Draxler (NOAA-Fisheries); Dr. Ashok Deshpande (NOAA-Fisheries) NOAA Collaborator(s): Dr. Andrew Draxler (NOAA-Fisheries); Dr. Ashok Deshpande (NOAA-Fisheries) LMRCSC Collaborator(s): None LMRCSC Research Student(s): None Planned Start Date: December 28, 2007 Planned End Date: March 30, 2008 Planned and actual results of project: PCB concentrations were found to be higher when more Raritan Bay sediments are mixed with the reference (York River) sediment. Analyses of fish held on these sediments showed that young-of-the-year winter flounder held on contaminated sediment suffered significantly higher mortality, experienced higher predation, and captured food at a reduced rate. Oxygen consumption by fish held on contaminated sediments was significantly lower than for fish held on clean sediments. Analyses of fish tissue suggest rapid accumulation of some contaminants that could affect behavior of individual fish. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? Winter flounder is a valuable commercial and recreational fish which needs increased protection because of over-harvesting and damage to its habitat. This project addresses some of the specific facets of this habitat degradation and quantifies its effects on flounder populations. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? This work has provided training for one doctoral student (Bashiru Balogun), and one masters student (Victoria Taibe), who was subsequently hired at the NOAA Sandy Hook laboratory in 2006. 9) Project Title: Water Quality Monitoring of the Hampton River Project Description: Hampton University has maintained a monitoring program on the Hampton River funded through the LMRCSC since 2006. This project was established to collect basic background information to support future fisheries research on the Hampton River. The river runs along the shore of the university, which makes it a convenient location for research by undergraduate students, who maintain the station. Water and atmospheric data are collected at 15-minute intervals. This summer we will complete a water quality display that will feature the water quality project and the associated nekton projects that use the water quality data to support our fisheries research. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist(s): Eric Wooden (HU) NOAA Collaborator(s): Ken Moore (Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Virginia) LMRCSC Research Student(s): Carissa Wilkerson (HU), Courtney McGeachy (HU), Brittany King (HU), and Kayelyn Simmons (HU); all are undergraduates. Planned Start Date: January 01, 2008 Planned End Date: December 31, 2008 Planned and actual results of project: The station is currently collecting continuous water and atmospheric data. The goal is to maintain this status until December. The summer is the most challenging time due to fouling of the instruments that damages probes, shortens the life of probes and affects the accuracy of their measurements. Students on the project have been trained and are maintaining the station. 10. Project Title: Habitat use, depth selection, and the timing of residency for Sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) in Delaware Bay. Project Description: Both juvenile and adult sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) commonly occur in Delaware Bay. Like many North American shark species sand tiger shark populations have declined dramatically, likely due to a combination of overharvest, and life history traits (e.g. late maturity and low fecundity). As a result, sand tiger shark was among those petitioned and added to the Candidate Species List under the Endangered Species Act in the fall of 1997. Previous work on sand tiger shark has suggested that protection of juveniles is of premium importance for enhanced recovery of stocks along the US Atlantic coast and that a fundamental component of such protection is the identification and protection of essential habitat for sand tiger shark. However, information on the location of discrete nurseries, fine-scale and seasonal movement patterns and other essential habitat for all segments of the population for this species along the US Atlantic coast is limited and fragmentary. Through this proposal we will utilize both passive and acoustic telemetry to collect information on habitat utilization, depth selection and residency patterns for sand tiger shark in Delaware Bay. The information gathered through the project will provide resource managers much needed information as they begin to formulate a recovery plan for this important resource. Additionally, this project will allow participation of both graduate and undergraduate students in a program of study (essential fisheries habitat) identified as a targeted research area within the LMRCSC. These students will have an opportunity to gain first hand knowledge of some of the methodology used to assess essential fish habitat and to contribute to the wise utilization of an abundant and ecologically important species within the local marine environment. Thematic Area Addressed: Quantitative Fisheries and Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist(s): Dewayne Fox (DSU), NOAA Collaborator(s): Drs. Nancy Kohler and Cami McCandless, NMFS Narragansett, Rhode Island, Apex Predator Program LMRCSC Collaborator(s): N/A LMRCSC Research Student(s): Johnny Moore (DSU-Grad. Student), Jennifer Hampton (DSU Undergrad.) External Collaborator(s): Dr. Brad Wetherbee, University of Rhode Island. Planned Start Date: October 1, 2006 Planned End Date: August 30, 2008 Actual Start Date: October 1, 2006 Actual End Date: To be determined- Spring 2009 upon Mr. Moore’s graduation. Summary of Progress to Date: The sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) typically inhabits coastal waters and bays including Delaware Bay, which is thought to serve as important secondary nursery habitat as well as a foraging area for adults. Due to low reproductive potential and overharvest, sand tigers have experienced marked population declines. With this decline in mind, our objectives included collecting information on habitat utilization, depth selection, and residency patterns for sand tigers in Delaware Bay. We utilized both manual and passive tracking (VEMCO Ltd. VR-2) to monitor sand tiger habitat utilization patterns during their Delaware Bay residency. Sand tigers were implanted with standard acoustic (n=19) and depth sensing transmitters (n=10) during the summers of 2006 and 2007. Two sand tigers tagged in June of 2006 returned to Delaware Bay during the third week of June 2007, which closely corresponded to the time of our first successful captures that year. A total of 72,241 detections of telemetered sand tigers were collected on receivers during the 2006 and 2007 field seasons. Although their distribution overlapped, when the sand tiger data was segregated by sex, the males were more commonly found in the lower salinity middle portion of Delaware Bay whereas females were more common in the higher salinity waters at the mouth of the bay. We documented a significant difference in depth utilized by male and female sand tigers, with females typically occupying deeper waters than males. Through this study we hope to improve our knowledge of habitat requirements and residency of sand tigers in Delaware Bay thus providing a greater understanding of essential habitat for this species as well as enhance recovery of sand tiger stocks. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? The overall goals of this project are to provide information useful for enhancement of the recovery efforts for a depleted marine resource, provide information useful for development of measures to protect sand tiger sharks and their essential nursery habitat, allow collection of baseline information for understanding impacts of habitat changes on spatial and temporal use of these areas, and improved understanding of the role of this key species of predator within the bay. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? This project will provide a direct benefit to the residents of Delaware and the Mid-Atlantic region through a number of components. These include education via public lectures and classroom visits as well as incorporating our work into existing active outreach and educational programs at the Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve (DENERR). Specifically, this work will be presented through visual displays and graphic computer models depicting fine scale and long term movement patterns and habitat utilization of sand tiger sharks in DE Bay. The DENERR has an estuarine education component but lacks the essential information on much of the fish component of Delaware Bay. As one of the largest sharks to commonly inhabit Delaware Bay the sand tiger shark will serve as an ideal gateway species to get the K-12 segment of our population interested in the successful stewardship of our marine environment, which is in line with the goals of NOAA Fisheries. Finally, this project allows participation of both graduate and undergraduate minority students in essential fish habitat study identified as a targeted research area within the LMRCSC. 11. Project Title: Evaluation of adaptation to stress conditions in cobia larvae cultured with and without the use of probiotics Project Description: A new evaluation tool, based on the phosphorylation state of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2, will be developed and evaluated. Thematic Area Addressed: Aquaculture Lead Scientist(s): Dr. M. Refik Orhun, NOAA Collaborator(s): Dr. John Lamkin, NOAA-NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center LMRCSC Collaborator(s): Dr. Rosemary Jagus (COMB), Dr. Daniel D. Benetti (RSMAS) LMRCSC Research Student(s) Donald Bacoat, University of Miami, RSMAS-MAF External Collaborator(s): Dr. Philippe Douillet, Ecomicrobials, LLC., and Adjunct professor, University of Miami, RSMAS-MAF Planned Start Date: 01/01/2006 Planned End Date: 12/31/2007 Planned and Actual Results of Project: Project progress according to plan during this period, no milestones were planned for this period. Student Involvement in the Project: An LMRCSC graduate student from RSMAS, Donald Bacoat, under the mentorship of Dr. Orhun, is undertaking studies on "The role of probiotics in Cobia aquaculture." Mr. Bacoat has presented his findings in a talk entitled “Evaluation of adaptation to stress conditions in cobia juveniles cultured with and without probiotics” at the September 2007 AFS conference in San Francisco. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? The results from this study will help in our understanding of how to reduce the mortality rate of cultured cobia and other cultured fish. This will directly result in an increased efficiency of rearing fish and relieve pressures on wild stocks of fish which are over fished. Furthermore, the results of this study will help increase our understanding and the use of probiotics so that the aquaculture industry can become less dependent on antibiotics to increase its yield of fish. Clearly, these results will aid in the ecosystem based management of fisheries. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? In addition to aiding the ecosystem based management of fisheries, this research provided training to a student in the NOAA-LMRCSC program. This student was taught how to conduct aquaculture research in an environmentally friendly manner and is becoming more and more prepared for a career in the marine sciences as well as a potential employee in NOAA’s developing marine aquaculture management program. Appendix IIb: Brief Descriptions of TAB Approved Projects (2007/2008) TAB Approved Projects for Year 2 (2007/2008) The following 13 projects (Table 5) were approved by the LMRCSC Director for the 2007/08 project year based on the recommendations of the TAB. Five of these projects were also funded during the 2006/2007 funding cycle. 1) Project Title: Recruitment and diets of fishes in coastal lagoons of Maryland Project Description: This study will provide the first data on habitat preference and diets of recruiting fishes during summer for the coastal lagoons of Maryland. The research is essential for establishing a fisheries research program in the coastal lagoons, as well as for recreational fishing, and protecting recruitment habitat for Atlantic coastal species. The objectives for the study are to: 1) relate habitat characteristics to abundance and length-weight relationships for juvenile fishes and blue crabs among 9 sites in the coastal lagoons of Maryland; and 2) determine diets of fishes. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist(s): Ryan Corbin, Reginald Black, Joseph Love (UMES) NOAA Collaborator: Howard Townsend (NOAA Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, MD) LMRCSC Collaborator(s): None LMRCSC Students: Reginald Black (M.S. Student, UMES) and Ryan Corbin (M.S. Student, UMES) Planned Start Date: October 1, 2007 Planned End Date: October 1, 2008 Planned and actual results of project: Species diversity patterns of benthic macrofauna were analyzed to determine influences of environmental conditions and habitat type on species richness and evenness in the coastal bays of Maryland (April - October 2007). Nine sites were sampled once a month with three habitat traps: sand, oyster shell, and artificial seagrass. Sites were clustered into three groups defined by environmental conditions and distance to urban development. Overall, 15 species were collected. Species richness and evenness were significantly lower near urban-impacted sites than other site clusters, and lower in sand traps than seagrass and shell traps. Diversity was highest in shell and seagrass traps, despite location of the traps in the coastal bays watershed. The abundance of juvenile benthic macrofauna was positively correlated with oyster shell habitat and water clarity. Habitats with oyster shell and seagrass habitats tended to support a greater abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrate prey for juvenile fishes and crustaceans. Using Ecopath with Ecosim and the Ecospace simulation module, the proportions of seagrass and oyster shell habitats in the coastal lagoons were increased, which resulted in increased diversity of the coastal lagoon system in a 20 year period. The elimination of seagrass and oyster shell habitats had a significantly negative effect on biomass and evenness. Habitat structure provided higher levels of diversity in the coastal bays of Maryland despite environmental conditions surveyed here, possibly because of enriched macroinvertebrate prey communities and refugia from predation. Over 496 fish guts from target species (e.g., Atlantic croaker, spot, summer flounder, mummichog, black sea bass) have been dissected and their gut contents examined. In summary, the project: 1) provided the first empirical estimates of diet habits of some fish species in the coastal lagoons; 2) generated data are being used to refine an existing ecosystem based fishery management model; and 3) results will bolster the development of research on the importance of seagrass habitats for the species in the coastal lagoons. The most widely collected species was spot, Leiostomus xanthurus. While its dietary habits differed among coastal lagoons, the principal prey items were polychaetes and crustaceans. Data on the proportional abundance of prey were entered into an Ecopath with Ecosim model that was used to elucidate food webs within the coastal lagoons. A manuscript in preparation by J.W. Love and collaborator, H. Townsend, utilizes this information to show that loss of seagrass habitat affects directly species that prefer such habitat, but also that such effects percolate throughout the food webs. In general, upper trophic levels were less influenced by changes in habitat, likely because they tend to be more generalized in diets and habitat preferences. As a result, they may be more buffered from such habitat disturbances. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? A current ecopath with ecosim model is being developed for the coastal lagoons of Maryland. This model provides a smaller spatial framework to address questions of interest to NOAA Fisheries scientists, who are developing a similar model for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. This project is relevant to the NOAA NMFS Research Priority Group 1: Research to support fishery conservation and management, and Subgroup 2: Interdependence of fisheries or stocks of fish. A manuscript that includes results from the funded project is currently being prepared by J.W. Love and H. Townsend. This manuscript, entitled “Habitat fragmentation and loss affect food webs: an ecosystem-based management approach,” will be submitted to the journal: Ecological Applications in April 2009. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? Survey equipment purchased and fishes collected during this study are maintained at the Paul Sarbanes’ Coastal Ecology Laboratory. The ecopath and ecospace modules that are being developed because of this research will provide a framework for future work on trophic relationships in the coastal lagoons of Maryland. During the progress period, the graduate students assigned to the project, Reginald Black and Ryan Corbin, prepared and defended Master’s theses, respectively. Ryan Corbin officially graduated in December 2008. Reginald Black is currently preparing a thesis that will be defended during Spring 2009. Theses developed from research supported by the funded project contribute to gray literature housed at the Frederick Douglas Library on the campus of University of Maryland Eastern Shore. Results of the funded project were presented by R. Black at the regional meeting of the American Fisheries Society Southern Division in New Orleans, Louisiana. Results were also presented at the Graduate Student Symposium of the American Fisheries Society in Pikeville, Tennessee. For both seminars, the title of the presentation was, “Diet habits and trophic interactions of species in coastal lagoons of Maryland.” 2) Project Title: The Effect of the Isopod Parasite Probopyrus pandalicola on the Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes pugio: Impact on population density, gravidity, and tolerance to contaminants Project Description: Palaemonetes pugio is a food source for numerous commercially important species. Habitat quality is in part based on food availability and can be determined indirectly by assessing fish growth (Curran and Able 2002; DuBeck and Curran, in review). As grass shrimp are an abundant macrofaunal species, their density can play an important role in determining habitat quality and therefore whether areas could be essential fish habitats. Our main objective was to determine the effect that the isopod parasite Probopyrus pandalicola has on grass shrimp density (since they prevent reproduction) and construct a population model to quantify this impact. Results will be disseminated to local schools through the funded participants, including a teacher-intern who will design a K-12 activity. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientists: Dr. Mary Carla Curran (SSU) and Dr. Paul Pennington (NOAA) NOAA Collaborator: Dr. Paul Pennington LMRCSC Collaborator: Dr. Dionne Hoskins (NOAA Fisheries/Savannah State University) LMRCSC Research Students: Michael Partridge, (M.S. student, SSU), Chris Williamson (undergraduate student, SSU), Joe LaBarre (undergraduate student, SSU), Sheena Corning (undergraduate student, SSU), Krista Hoover (teacher-intern) Planned Start Date: Fall 2006 Planned End Date: Sept 2008 Actual Start Date: 1 Oct 2007 Actual End Date: 30 Sept 2008 Planned and actual results of project: One of the objectives was to determine the effect that the bopyrid isopod has on grass shrimp density and construct a population model to quantify this impact. In addition, in year I it was determined that multistressors (e.g., parasite infection and contamination load) had an additive effect on shrimp mortality in the laboratory. In examining the effect of the parasite on swimming endurance in the grass shrimp it was found that the parasite had no effect on shrimp swimming endurance. LC50 tests were conducted from which it was determined that parasitized shrimp were more susceptible to the insecticide fipronil. A small scale study was conducted to determine whether parasitized grass shrimp are more susceptible to predation by the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitis. This study revealed that shrimp behavior is more important than whether the shrimp is parasitized, but did find that mummichog preferred parasitize shrimp 65% of the time. A second small project on the effect of the parasite on starvation in grass shrimp found that parasitized shrimp survived 2-4 days less than unparasitized shrimp. Additional LC50 tests were run using resmethrin/Scourge and showed that there was no difference between parasitized and unparasitized shrimp, while the effect of bifenthrin on parasitized when compared to unparasitized P. pugio was significantly different at 24 hours (P = 0.0065). A field assessment/shrimp population model for Georgia is nearing completion. Results to date show that shrimp densities do not exceed 16 shrimp/m3 at Country Club Creek, but densities reached 57/m3 at Moon River. Up to 57% of the shrimp were gravid in Country Club Creek and up to 47% were gravid in Moon River. These studies have shown that gravid grass shrimp can have approximately 218-290 eggs (Modeste and Curran, unpubl. data). From the data, it seems that there are site differences in Georgia, with Country Club Creek having a higher mean number of eggs per mm shrimp (4.95) than Moon River (4.08) (Modeste and Curran, unpubl. data). How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? The results of this study are able to tie together the effects of contaminants and parasitism on a prey species important to a variety of fish resident to the watersheds of Georgia. This information will help further our understanding of the interactions that impact ecosystems. The project is relevant to NOAA NMFS Research Priority Group 1: Research to support fishery conservation and management, and the subgroup 4: Impacts of anthropogenic factors and environmental changes on fish populations. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? The results of this project include: one M.S. thesis anticipated in Oct 2008 entitled “The effect of the parasite Probopyrus pandalicola on the swimming endurance of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio.” T. Modeste is completing a M.S. thesis entitled “Predictive model of the population loss of Palaemonetes pugio caused by sterilization by the bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola”. One manuscript is currently in review entitled “The toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, parasitized with the bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus pandalicola” (Williamson, Curran, and Pennington). Three K-12 activities have been submitted for publication entitled: “Grass shrimp: small size but big role in food web” (Aultman and Curran); “The scientific method and grass shrimp research” (Aultman and Curran); and “Using shrimp data collected by university scientists to teach math in the K-12 classroom” (Hoover and Curran). Two other undergraduate students completed small projects and assisted with field sampling. Both undergraduate Chris Williamson and graduate student Michael Partridge presented their research as posters at the Southeastern Estuarine Research Society (SEERS) conference and each won Best Student Poster in their respective divisions. 3) Project Title: Habitat use, depth selection, and the timing of residency for Sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) in Delaware Bay. Project Description: Juvenile and adult sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) commonly occur in Delaware Bay. Like many North American shark species sand tiger shark populations have declined dramatically, likely due to a combination of overharvest and life history traits (e.g. late maturity and low fecundity). As a result, sand tiger shark was among those petitioned and added to the Candidate Species List under the Endangered Species Act in the fall of 1997. Previous work on the species suggested that protection of juveniles is important for enhanced recovery of stocks along the US Atlantic coast, and that a fundamental component of such protection is the identification and protection of essential habitat for sand tiger shark. However, information on the location of discrete nurseries, fine-scale and seasonal movement patterns and other essential habitat for all segments of the population for this species along the US Atlantic coast is limited and fragmentary. Through this proposal we will utilize both passive and acoustic telemetry to collect information on habitat utilization, depth selection and residency patterns for sand tiger shark in Delaware Bay. The information gathered through this study will provide resource managers much needed information as they begin to formulate a recovery plan for this important species. Additionally, this project will allow participation of graduate and undergraduate students in the assessment of essential fish habitat that will contribute to the wise utilization of an abundant and ecologically important species within the local marine environment. Thematic Area Addressed: Quantitative Fisheries and Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist: Dr. Dewayne Fox (DSU) NOAA Collaborators: Drs. Nancy Kohler and Cami McCandless (NMFS Narragansett, RI) LMRCSC Collaborator(s): N/A LMRCSCStudents: Johnny Moore (M.S. student, DSU); Jennifer Hampton (Undergraduate student, DSU) External Collaborator: Dr. Brad Wetherbee (University of Rhode Island). Planned Start Date: October 1, 2006 Planned End Date: August 30, 2008 Actual Start Date: October 1, 2006 Actual End Date: To be determined- Spring 2009 or upon Mr. Moore’s graduation. Planned and actual results of project: During 2006-2009 the movements of 109 sand tigers implanted with Vemco Ltd V-16-6H acoustic transmitters including both males (n=36) and females (n=33) as well as both mature (n=34) and immature (n=35) individuals were tracked. Over 200K detections of telemetered sand tigers were obtained on an array of acoustic receivers distributed in Delaware Bay and nearshore coastal locations. In 2009, a 21/65 (32%) telemetered sand tigers captured in previous years believed to have operational transmitters returned to Delaware Bay. Of these returning individuals 6/25, (24 %) were tagged in 2007 and 15/40 (38%) were collected in 2008. It also appears that sex plays a role in determining the fate of telemetered sand tigers as return rates differed by sex with males having higher return rates (77%; 2007, 38%; 2008) when compared to females (38%; 2007, 21%; 2008) (Fig. 6). These return rates further strengthen the importance of Delaware Bay to sand tigers along the east coast and underscore the need for information on critical sand tiger habitat within the bay. Throughout the course of this study, sand tigers occupied the bay from mid-June to mid-October. Depths utilized by sand tigers differed significantly by year with sand tigers occupying significantly (p <0.01) greater depths (7.6 m) in 2008 when compared to those occupied in 2007 (7.4 m). Through this study we noted that sex appeared to play an important role in the depth distribution of sand tigers as females occupied significantly (p < 0.01) deeper depths than males (Fig. 7). Depths utilized by female sand tigers in 2008 were significantly deeper (p < 0.01) than depths utilized by females in 2007. Throughout the course of this study we noticed that depths utilized by male sand tigers did not differ significantly (p = 0.83) between years. Our results strongly suggest that Delaware Bay is an important habitat for a broad size range of sand tigers which often return over multiple years. This information is critical as resource manager’s struggle with how to recover the sand tiger which forms a key component of the ecological health of Delaware Bay. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? The overall goals of this project are to provide information useful for enhancement of the recovery efforts for a depleted marine resource, provide information useful for development of measures to protect sand tiger sharks and their essential nursery habitat, allow collection of baseline information for understanding impacts of habitat changes on spatial and temporal use of these areas, and improved understanding of the role of this predator within the bay. This project is relevant to NOAA NMFS Research Priority Group 1: Research to support fishery conservation and management, and subgroup 3: Identifying, conserving, and mapping of essential fish habitat (EFH). How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? This project will provide a direct benefit to the residents of Delaware and the Mid-Atlantic region through a number of components. These include education via public lectures and classroom visits as well as incorporating our work into existing active outreach and educational programs at the Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve (DENERR). Specifically, this work will be presented through visual displays and graphic computer models depicting fine scale and long term movement patterns and habitat utilization of sand tiger sharks in DE Bay. The DENERR has an estuarine education component but lacks the essential information on much of the fish component of Delaware Bay. As one of the largest sharks to commonly inhabit Delaware Bay the sand tiger shark will serve as an ideal gateway species to get the K-12 segment of our population interested in the successful stewardship of our marine environment, which is in line with the goals of NOAA Fisheries. This project is engaging both graduate and undergraduate minority students in a program of study (essential fish habitat) identified as a targeted research area within the LMRCSC. These students have had the opportunity to gain firsthand knowledge of some of the methodology used to assess essential fish habitat and to contribute to the wise utilization of an abundant and ecologically important species within the local marine environment. 4) Project Title: Estimation of survival, emigration, and fishing mortality rates for American eel through a combined use of acoustic telemetry and mark-recapture. Project Description: Throughout the world there is growing apprehension among fisheries scientists due to declines in current population estimates of anguillid eels. Although American eel have been the focus of intensive fisheries since colonial times, consistent data on harvest rates is often lacking. Data limitations notwithstanding, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting a recent decline in broad segments of the American eel population. Through this proposal we will estimate demographic parameters including survival, emigration, and fishing mortality rates through a combination of biotelemetry and mark-recapture data. This project builds upon a 3 year program which is relatively unique in its partnership with commercial harvesters and the application of both standard and novel statistical methods designed for capture-recapture studies. This project will provide invaluable training for a graduate student at DSU in both the realms of quantitative fisheries and essential fish habitat. Additionally, both undergraduate and graduate students will gain valuable experience in the use of cutting edge biotelemetry techniques. Thematic Area: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientist: Dr. Dewayne Fox (DSU), NOAA Collaborators: Drs. Paul Conn and Kyle Shertzer (NOAA Fisheries, Beaufort, NC) LMRCSC Collaborator(s): N/A LMRCSC Research Student: Ms. Marissa Brady (Undergraduate student-DSU) External Collaborator: Dr. Larissa Bailey (USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center) Planned Start Date: April, 2008 Planned End Date: August 30, 2008 Actual Start Date: April, 2008 with Mark-Recapture portion. October 1, 2008 for telemetry component. Actual End Date: October, 2009 Summary Abstract of Progress to Date: To date, monthly mark-recapture census of American eel has been completed as planned in the proposal. These sampling events took place from Sept.-Nov. 2007 and were started again in April, 2008 and will continue until Nov. 2008. All PIT tags purchased through the TAB funding were deployed in the field and the PI is currently seeking additional funds to purchase more tags. The biotelemetry portion of the project has been delayed due to problems with recruiting a suitable student. Starting in August, 2008 Marissa Brady has taken over the project from Colette Cairns who is finishing her thesis and plans to defend in October, 2008. Transmitter implantation and deployment of receivers is planned for early October. All supplies and equipment needed for the biotelemetry portion of this project have been purchased and are ready to be utilized. Through August, 2009 a total of 57,057 detections of telemetered American eel were collected; 35/38 telemetered individuals were successfully relocated using both manual and passive tracking. Manual tracking has occurred weekly through the navigable portions of the St. Jones River. Acoustically tagged American eels moving between strata have been documented; although there is a strong tendency for individuals to home back to the site of initial tagging. How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? The goal of this project is to provide information useful for the successful management of American eel fisheries. Currently Amendment II of the ASMFC American eel Fisheries Management Plan has incorporated results from this on-going studies of American eel in the St. Jones River. The results of the current study will help refine mortality estimates (both natural and fishing) for future American eel stock assessments. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? The work is directly relevant to the LMRCSC, NMFS, and the ASMFC both in its topic area and approach. It addresses two targeted research themes (quantitative fisheries and essential fish habitat) outlined by the LMRCSC and NMFS. Through analysis of the biotelemetry data as well as standard mark-recapture data and the habitat modeling outlined herein, American eel essential fish habitat will be addressed through movement and behavior associated with harvest and recaptures. Both NMFS and the ASMFC will benefit from the results of this project through direct estimation of size specific population parameters for American eel. 5) Project Title: Analysis of PCB Congener Accumulation in Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Coastal Waters Project Description: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) threaten the ecological and economic value of striped bass. Chesapeake Bay tributaries are the major spawning grounds for anadromous Atlantic striped bass populations. Identifying the source of PCB accumulations in Chesapeake Bay striped bass is complicated by the high variability in levels among individual fish. However, determining the PCB congener signature in the muscle of striped bass, during various life stages, will provide insight into the origins of this contamination. The overall goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between differential habitat use and PCB accumulations among striped bass within the Chesapeake Bay and in Atlantic Coastal waters. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientists: William D. Gardner, Dr. Eric May (UMES) NOAA Collaborator: Ashok Deshpande (NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC) LMRCSC Collaborator: Dr. Eric May (UMES) LMRCSC Research Student: William D. Gardner (Ph.D student, UMES) Planned Start Date: January 31, 2008 Planned End Date: December 31, 2008 Actual End Date: June 30, 2009 Planned and actual results of project: The planned work was to: 1) compare the PCB level and congener accumulation pattern in striped bass less than 2 years old taken from tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay; 2) compare the PCB level and congener accumulation pattern in striped bass less than 2 years, and those aged 3 to 5 years along salinity gradients (upper, middle and lower) in the Chesapeake Bay; and 3) use these comparisons to determine if congener accumulations specific to Chesapeake Bay tributary stocks (less than 2 yrs) are present in bay and coastal stocks and can be used as a means of determining tributary of origin for individual striped bass. During the reporting period, Mr. William Gardner (UMES Ph.D. student), spent some time at the National Marine Fisheries Sciences (NMFS) James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory located in Sandy Hook, New Jersey. During this time period, he conducted PCB extractions and analysis of fish tissues collected from the Atlantic and lower portion of the Chesapeake Bay. This has included training on several analytical instrumentations, including Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture Detection (GC/ECD). How will results be incorporated into NOAA Fisheries operations? This current research direction would most benefit NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS) mission of “stewardship of living marine resources through science-based conservation and management and the promotion of healthy ecosystems”. Expected results are difficult to predict at this initial stage of research. Three scenarios are likely regarding striped bass exposure to PCBs: 1) continuous PCB exposure throughout their stay in the Chesapeake Bay from tributary to main-stem sources 2) exposure only in the tributaries or 3) exposure only in the main stem. How will results be incorporated into LMRCSC research and curriculum? This project will provide vital training in the analysis of fish tissues for an LMRCSC PhD student (William Gardner). Will is collaborating with Dr. Ashok Deshpande at the J. J. Howard Marine Science Laboratory, where he will conduct his doctoral research. Recently he presented his current research status to a group of NOAA NMFS employees at this laboratory. 6) Project Title: Essential Fatty Acid Composition and Immune Response of Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass Morone saxatilis Project Description: Efforts are underway to determine if: 1) fluctuations in the fatty acid composition of Chesapeake Bay striped bass can be related to their health condition through monitoring of their immune status and, 2) how changes in the amount of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) affect the immune response and progression of mycobacteriosis in these fish. With these goals in mind, striped bass are currently being collected during the summer and fall from the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River. Subsequent analysis will determine if there are any temporal or spatial changes in the fatty acid profiles of these fish. A feed study is also being conducted at the NOAA Cooperative Oxford Laboratory in order to satisfy goal #2. Additional work will be performed in project year 2008-09 to further elucidate the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the immune response of striped bass. Thematic Area Addressed: Essential Fish Habitat Lead Scientists: Lonnie Gonsalves (Ph.D. Student, UMES), Dr. E.B. May (UMES), Dr. R. Jagus (COMB) NOAA Collaborators: Dr. Ashok Deshpande (NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC), Dr. John Jacobs (NOAA/NOS/Cooperative Oxford Laboratory) Directory: cms300uploadedFiles cms300uploadedFiles -> Kiah 1127 phone: 410-651-6429 office hours: mw 9: 00-10: 00 am, tu th 12: 00-3: 00PM cms300uploadedFiles -> Performance Report for Cooperative Agreement No: na11sec4810002 for the Period from July 1 to December 31, 2011 University of Maryland Eastern Shore Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center Paulinus Chigbu, Ph Download 7.02 Mb. Share with your friends:
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