Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat153, 999.pdf

Abstract: An industrial waste sludge mainly composed by metal hydroxides was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing a reactive textile dye (Remazol Brilliant Blue) in solution. Characterization of this waste material included chemical composition, pH(ZPC) determination, particle size distribution, physical textural properties and metals mobility under different pH conditions. Dye adsorption equilibrium isotherms were determined at 25 and 35C and pH of 4, 7 and 10 revealing reasonably fits to Langmuir and Freundlich models. At 25C and pH 7, Langmuir fit indicates a maximum adsorption capacity of 91.0 mg/g. An adsorptive ion-exchange mechanism was identified from desorption studies. Batch kinetic experiments were also conducted at different initial dye concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage and pH. A pseudo-second-order model showed good agreement with experimental data. LDF approximation model was used to estimate homogeneous solid diffusion coefficients and the effective pore diffusivities. Additionally, a simulated real effluent containing the selected dye, salts and dyeing auxiliary chemicals, was also used in equilibrium and kinetic experiments and the adsorption performance was compared with aqueous dye solutions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Performance, Capacity, Characterization, Chemical, Chemicals, Composition, Concentration, Data, Desorption, Desorption Studies, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficients, Distribution, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Freundlich, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ionexchange, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Low Cost Adsorbent, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Mechanism, Metal, Metals, Mobility, Model, Models, Particle Size, Particle Size Distribution, Performance, pH, Physical, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Reactive Dye, Remazol Brilliant Blue, Salts, Size, Sludge, Solution, Solutions, Temperature, Textile Dye, Waste, Waste Sludge

? Tripathy, S.S. and Raichur, A.M. (2008), Abatement of fluoride from water using manganese dioxide-coated activated alumina. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 (3), 1043-1051.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat153, 1043.pdf

Abstract: Batch adsorption of fluoride onto manganese dioxide-coated activated alumina (MCAA) has been studied. Adsorption experiments were carried out at various pH (3-9), time interval (0-6 h), adsorbent dose (1-16 g/l), initial fluoride concentration (1-25 mg/l) and in the presence of different anions. Adsorption isotherms have been modeled using Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Raduskevich isotherms and adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption followed second-order rate kinetics. MCAA could remove fluoride effectively (up to 0.2 mg/l) at pH 7 in 3 h with 8 g/l adsorbent dose when 10 mg/l of fluoride was present in 50 ml of water. In the presence of other anions, the adsorption of fluoride was retared. The mechanism of fluoride uptake by MCAA is due to physical adsorption as well as through intraparticle diffusion which was confirmed by kinetics, Dubinin-Raduskevich isotherm, zeta-potential measurements and mapping studies of energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Alumina, Analysis, Aqueous-Solution, Brackish-Water, Coating, Defluoridation, Diffusion, Donnan Dialysis, Drinking-Water, Electrodialysis, Exchange, Experiments, Fluoride, Freundlich, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Low-Cost Materials, Manganese, Mcaa, Mechanism, Model, pH, Removal, Rights, Water, Zeta Potential

? Pengthamkeerati, P., Satapanajaru, T. and Singchan, O. (2008), Sorption of reactive dye from aqueous solution on biomass fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 (3), 1149-1156.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat153, 1149.pdf

Abstract: This study investigates the adsorption behavior of Reactive Black 5 (RB) and Reactive Yellow 176 (RY) from aqueous solution on coal fly ash (FA-CO), HCl-treated coal fly ash (TFA-HCl), and biomass fly ash (FA-BM). In preliminary study, the FA-BM showed the greatest dye adsorption capacity of both dyes, compared to FA-CO and TFA-HCl. Hence only for the FA-BM, the effects of various experiment parameters (e.g. solution pH, ionic strength, initial dye concentration, contact time) were spectrophotometrically determined. At the final pH of 8.1-8.5, the adsorption capacity of both dyes on the FA-BM was maximum and decreased above or below this pH. A positive effect of salt addition on the dye adsorption capacity was observed. The adsorption capacity of dye on the FA-BM increased with increasing C-0. The equilibrium data of both dyes on the FA-BM were fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, but the experimental data of the RB was found to be little better fitted by the Langmuir model. The sorption data was good fit with the pseudo second-order kinetic model. These results indicate that biomass fly ash is an interesting alternative for dye removal from the wastewater. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Alternative, Aqueous Solution, Behavior, Biomass, Capacity, Coal, Coal Fly Ash, Concentration, Data, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dye Removal, Dyes, Equilibrium, Experiment, Experimental, First-Order Kinetic Model, Fly Ash, Freundlich, Ionic Strength, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Langmuir Model, Model, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Reactive Black 5, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Salt, Solution, Sorption, Strength, Wastewater

? Wang, X.S., Li, Z.Z. and Sun, C. (2008), Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by low-cost biosorbents: Marine macroalgae and agricultural by-products. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 (3), 1176-1184.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat153, 1176.pdf

Abstract: In this study, adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the four low-cost biosorbents (Laminaria japonica, P yezoensis Ueda, rice bran and wheat bran) was investigated depending on solution pH, contact time, adsorbent concentration and adsorption isotherms by employing batch adsorption technique. The adsorption capacities were significantly influenced by solution pH, with lower pH favoring higher Cr(VI) removal for various biosorbents. The ionic strength of NaCl was also observed to have a significant impact on the Cr(VI) adsorption due to the competition of Cl- in the aqueous solutions. The batch equilibrium data were correlated to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the data fitted better to the Freundlich isotherm equation. The apparent thermodynamic parameters were calculated for each of the four biosorbents and the obtained numerical values showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption onto the various low-cost biosorbents is spontaneous, entropy-driven and endothermic processes. The batch kinetic data were correlated to the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models and the data fitted better to the pseudo-second order equation. An intraparticle diffusion model was applied to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption capacities for various biosorbents studied in this work were inversely proportional to the adsorbent concentrations. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Mechanisms, Agricultural, Agricultural By-Products, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Biosorption, Chromium, Cl, Competition, Concentration, Contact, Copper, Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Adsorption, Cr(VI) Removal, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Hazelnut Shell, Heavy-Metal Ions, Impact, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Ionic Strength, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Low Cost, Low-Cost Biosorbents, Macroalgae, Marine Algae, Marine Macroalgae, Mechanisms, Model, Models, NaCl, P, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First Order and Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Equation, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rice, Rice Bran, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Spontaneous, Strength, Technique, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Time, Values, Wheat Bran, Work

? Bo, L.L., Zhang, Y.B., Quan, X. and Zhao, B. (2008), Microwave assisted catalytic oxidation of p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution using carbon-supported copper catalyst. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 (3), 1201-1206.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat153, 1201.pdf

Abstract: Carbon-supported copper (Cu, GAC) catalyst was prepared by conventional impregnation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sizes of Cu particles dispersing on the surface of GAC were 0.3-1.5 m, which could be penetrated by microwave so that Cu, GAC catalyst could absorb microwave energy effectively. The catalysis of Cu, GAC in microwave assisted catalytic oxidation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in aqueous solution was investigated through a fixed bed reactor under ambient pressure and continuous flow mode. PNP removal reached 91.8% under optimized conditions, corresponding to 88% of TOC removal. It showed a higher PNP degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal for Cu, GAC catalyst than GAC alone, and Cu, GAC catalyst kept on a high catalysis and a good stability for a long time run, which indicated that GAC structure and catalytic capacity were improved by the load of Cu. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Bed, Capacity, Carbon, Catalysis, Catalyst, Catalytic, Catalytic Oxidation, Conventional, Copper, Cu, Cu, GAC Catalyst, Degradation, EDX, Electron Microscopy, Energy, Fixed Bed, Flow, GAC, Impregnation, Kinetics, Load, Microscopy, Microwave, Mode, Organic, Organic Carbon, Oxidation, P-Nitrophenol, Particles, Pressure, Removal, Rights, Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM, Solution, Spectroscopy, Stability, Structure, Surface, Time, TOC, Waste-Water, Wet Air Oxidation, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Spectroscopy, XRD

? Behera, S.K., Kim, J.H., Guo, X.J. and Park, H.S. (2008), Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of polyvinyl alcohol from aqueous solution on powdered activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 (3), 1207-1214.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat153, 1207.pdf

Abstract: In this study, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used to remove polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from the aqueous PVA solution. The adsorption kinetics has been studied pertaining to various initial PVA concentration and PAC dosage. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the second-order kinetics with good correlation. Boyd plot confirmed that external mass transfer was the rate-limiting step in the sorption process. The adsorption isotherm obtained resembled with H-type of isotherm, which indicated a high affinity of the solute for the sorption sites. The Freundlich model appeared to fit the isotherm data better than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters such as H, S and G were evaluated from the slope and intercept of linear plot of log K-c against (1/T)1000. The change in entropy (S) and heat of adsorption (H) of PAC was estimated as 1.45 kJ mol^-1 K₁ and 365 kJ mol^-1, respectively. The free energy of the adsorption at all temperatures was negative indicating a spontaneous process. The maximum PVA removal of 92% was obtained at a pH of 6.3 and contact time of 30 min for an adsorbent dose of 5 g/L. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Alcohol, Aqueous Solution, Boyd Plot, Carbon, Degradation, Dyes, Entropy, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Groundwater, Heat of Adsorption, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mass Transfer, Mechanism, Model, PAC, pH, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), Powdered Activated Carbon, Pva Removal, Rate-Limiting Step, Removal, Rights, Second-Order Kinetics, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Process, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Waste-Water

? Güzel, F., Yakut, H. and Topal, G. (2008), Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by black carrot (Daucus carota L.) residues. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 (3), 1275-1287.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat153, 1275.pdf

Abstract: In this study, the effect of temperature on the adsorption of Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by modified carrot residues (MCR) was investigated. The equilibrium contact times of adsorption process for each heavy metals-MCR systems were determined. Kinetic data obtained for each heavy metal by MCR at different temperatures were applied to the Lagergren equation, and adsorption rate constants (k(ads)) at these temperatures were determined. These rate constants related to the adsorption of heavy metal by MCR were applied to the Arrhenius equation, and activation energies (E-a) were determined. In addition, the isotherms for adsorption of each heavy metal by MCR at different temperatures were also determined. These isothermal data were applied to linear forms of isotherm equations that they fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the Langmuir constants (q(m) and b) were calculated. b constants determined at different temperatures were applied to thermodynamic equations, and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (H), free energy (G), and entropy (S) were calculated and these values show that adsorption of heavy metal on MCR was an endothermic process and process of adsorption was favoured at high temperatures. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activation, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Process, Adsorption Rate, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Biosorption, Black, Carrot Residues, Cd(II), Chlorella-Vulgaris, Co(II), Contact, Copper, Cr(VI) Ions, Cu(II), Data, Endothermic, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Forms, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metal Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Equations, Isothermal, Isotherms, Kinetic, Lagergren, Lagergren Equation, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Metal, Modified, Ni(II), Nickel(II), Pb(II), Process, Rate Constants, Removal, Rights, Solution, Systems, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Values, Wastewater Treatment

? Danwanichakul, P., Dechojarasrri, D., Meesumrit, S. and Swangwareesakul, S. (2008), Influence of sulfur-crosslinking in vulcanized rubber chips on mercury(II) removal from contaminated water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154 (1-3), 1-8.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat154, 1.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of Hg(II) by natural rubber chips was investigated. First, the effect of chip size (5 mm5 mm and 10 mm10 mm) on the adsorption kinetics was studied. The pseudo-second-order modeling was found to explain the kinetics well. The smaller chips had higher adsorption rate so they were used for the rest of the research. Next the effects of sulfur, zinc oxide and carbon black on the adsorption capacity of Hg(II) at equilibrium conditions were investigated. The effect of sulfur was studied through different standard vulcanizing systems. The amount of zinc oxide was varied to be 3, 4 and 5 part per hundred parts of rubber (phr) while the carbon black (N-330) loading was varied to be 0, 30 and 50 phr, respectively. It was found that adsorption capacity increased with the degree of crosslink density, generated by sulfur reacting with rubber molecules. In addition, the adsorption capacities of various amounts of zinc oxide corresponded with their crosslink densities while the addition of carbon black seemed to obstruct Hg(II) adsorption. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Rate, Capacity, Carbon, Carbon Black, Equilibrium, Hg(II), Kinetics, Loading, Mercury, Mercury(II), Modeling, Oxide, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Research, Size, Standard, Sulfur, Systems, Vulcanized Natural Rubber, Water, Water Treatment, Zinc

? Tsai, W.T., Hsu, H.C., Su, T.Y., Lin, K.Y. and Lin, C.M. (2008), Removal of basic dye (methylene blue) from wastewaters utilizing beer brewery waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154 (1-3), 73-78.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat154, 73.pdf

Abstract: In the work, the beer brewery waste has been shown to be a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of basic dye from the aqueous solution as compared to its precursor (i.e., diatomite) based on its physical and chemical characterizations including surface area, pore volume, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and non-mineral elemental analyses. The pore properties of this waste were significantly larger than those of its raw material, reflecting that the trapped organic matrices contained in the waste probably provided additional adsorption sites and/or adsorption area. The results of preliminary adsorption kinetics showed that the diatomite waste could be directly used as a potential adsorbent for removal of methylene blue on the basis of its adsorption-biosorption mechanisms. The adsorption parameters thus obtained from the pseudo-second-order model were in accordance with their pore properties. From the results of adsorption isotherm at 298 K and the applicability examinations in treating industrial wastewater containing basic dye, it was further found that the adsorption capacities of diatomite waste were superior to those of diatomite, which were also in good agreement with their corresponding physical properties. From the results mentioned above, it is feasible to utilize the food-processing waste for removing dye from the industrial dying wastewater. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Analyses, Aqueous Solution, Basic Dye, Beer Brewery Waste, Characterization, Characterizations, Chemical, Diatomite, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dying, Electron Microscopy, Industrial Dying Wastewater, Industrial Wastewater, Isotherm, Kinetics, Low Cost, Low Cost Adsorbent, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Mechanisms, Methylene Blue, Model, Organic, Physical, Pore Volume, Potential, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM, Solution, Surface, Surface Area, Volume, Waste, Wastewater, Wastewaters, Work

? Kagne, S., Jagtap, S., Dhawade, P., Kamble, S.P., Devotta, S. and Rayalu, S.S. (2008), Hydrated cement: A promising adsorbent for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154 (1-3), 88-95.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat154, 88.pdf

Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of cement hydrated at various time intervals for the removal of excess F- from aqueous solution by using batch adsorption studies. The influence of different adsorption parameters, viz. effect of adsorbent dose, initial concentration, pH, interfering ions and contact time were studied for their optimization. It was observed that the adsorbent exhibited reasonably significant F- removal over a wide range of pH. The presence of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in aqueous solution were found to affect the F- removal indicating that these anions compete with the sorption of F- on adsorbent. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well for both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and the adsorption capacities were calculated. Comparative studies for F- removal in simulated and field water show relatively higher F- removal in simulated water. XRD and SEM patterns of the hydrated cement were recorded to get better insight into the mechanism of adsorption process. From the experimental results, it may be concluded that HC was an efficient and economical adsorbent for F- removal. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Effect of pH and Anions, Fluoride Removal, Hydrated Cement, Aluminum Trifluoride, Activated Alumina, Adsorption, Defluoridation, Water

? Chen, A.H., Liu, S.C., Chen, C.Y. and Chen, C.Y. (2008), Comparative adsorption of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions in aqueous solution on the crosslinked chitosan with epichlorohydrin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154 (1-3), 184-191.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat154, 184.pdf

Abstract: The crosslinked chitosans synthesized by the homogeneous reaction of chitosan in aqueous acetic acid solution with epichlorohydrin were used to investigate the adsorptions of three metals of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions in an aqueous solution. The crosslinked chitosan characterized by (CNMR)-C-13, SEM, and elemental analysis, and the effects of pH and anion on the adsorption capacity were carried out. The dynamical study demonstrated that the adsorption process was followed the second-order kinetic equation. The results obtained from the equilibrium isotherms adsorption studies of three metals of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions by being analyzed in three adsorption models, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinnin-Radushkevich isotherm equations, indicated to be well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm equation under the concentration range studied, by comparing the linear correlation coefficients. The order of the adsorption capacity (Q(m)) for three metal ions was as follows: Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Zn²⁺. This technique for syntheses of the crosslinked chitosans with epichlorohydrin via the homogeneous reaction in aqueous acetic acid solution showed that the adsorptions of three metal ions in aqueous solution were followed the monolayer coverage of the adsorbents through physical adsorption phenomena. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Beads, Behavior, Capacity, Chitosan, Comparative Adsorption, Copper(II) Ions, Crosslinked Chitosan, Cu(II), Cu²⁺, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Isotherm, Isotherm Equations, Isotherms, Kinetic, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal-Anion Sorption, Metals, Models, Monolayer, Pb(II), Pb(II) Ions, Pb²⁺, pH, Polysaccharide, Reactive Dye, Removal, Rights, Sem, Solution, Waste-Water, Zn²⁺

? Hameed, B.H. (2008), Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methyl violet sorption by agricultural waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154 (1-3), 204-212.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat154, 204.pdf

Abstract: In this work, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed hull (SSH), an agricultural waste, was evaluated for its ability to remove methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solutions. Sorption isotherm of MV onto the SSH was determined at 30C with the initial concentrations of MV in the range of 25-300 mg/L. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium process was described well by the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum SSH sorption capacity was found to be 92.59 mg/L at 30C. The kinetic data were studied in terms of the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order model best described the sorption process. A single-stage batch-adsorber design of the adsorption of MV onto SSH was studied based on the Freundlich isotherm equation. The results indicated that sunflower seed hull was an attractive candidate for removing methyl violet from aqueous solution. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Agricultural, Agricultural Waste, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Batch Adsorber Design, Capacity, Data, Design, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Freundlich Isotherm Model, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Methyl Violet, Model, Models, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Isotherm, Sorption Process, Sunflower Seed Hull, Temkin Isotherm, Waste, Work

? Prasad, M., Xu, H.Y. and Saxena, S. (2008), Multi-component sorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto low-cost mineral adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials,