Title: Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved

Title: Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved

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? Kressin, N.R., Raymond, K.L. and Manze, M. (2008), Perceptions of race, ethnicity-based discrimination: A review of measures and evaluation of their usefulness for the health care setting. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 19 (3), 697-730.

Full Text: 2008\J Hea Car Poo Und19, 697.pdf

Abstract: Background. To assess discrimination in health care, reliable, valid, and comprehensive measures of racism, discrimination are needed. Objective. To review literature on measures of perceived race, ethnicity-based discrimination and evaluate their characteristics and usefulness in assessing discrimination from health care providers. Methods. Literature review of measures of perceived race, ethnicity-based discrimination (1966-2007), using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Social Science Citation Index. Results. We identified 34 measures of racism, discrimination; 16 specifically assessed dynamics in the health care setting. Few measures were theoretically based; most assessed only general dimensions of racism and focused specifically on the experiences of African American patients. Acceptable psychometric properties were documented for about half of the instruments. Conclusions. Additional measures are needed for detailed assessments of perceived discrimination in the health care setting; they should be relevant for a wide variety of racial, ethnic groups, and they must assess how racism, discrimination affects health care decision making and treatments offered.

Keywords: Blood-Pressure, Citation, Consequences, Delivery of Health Care, Discrimination, Ethnic Discrimination, Experiences, Literature, Literature Review, Measurement, Medline, Mental-Health, Prejudice, Race, Racial-Differences, Review, Review Literature, Stress, Validation, Women

Title: Journal of Health Communication

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ISSN: 1087-0415

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? Kava, R., Meister, K.A., Whelan, E.M., Lukachko, A.M. and Mirabile, C. (2002), Dietary supplement safety information in magazines popular among older readers. Journal of Health Communication, 7 (1), 13-23.

Full Text: 2002\J Hea Com7, 13.pdf

Abstract: Dietary supplements are extensively used in the United States, especially by people age 50 and over. Surveys have shown that magazines and other news media are an important source of information about nutrition and dietary supplements for the American public. It is uncertain, however, whether magazines provide their readers with adequate information about the safety aspects of supplement use. This report presents an analysis of supplement safety information in articles published during 1994-1998 in 10 major magazines popular among older readers. This time period was chosen to allow the impact of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) to be assessed. The evaluation included 254 magazine articles. More than two-thirds of the articles did not include comprehensive information about the safety aspects of the dietary supplements that were discussed. Information about safety issues such as maximum safe doses and drug-supplement interactions was often lacking even in otherwise informative and well-researched articles. A total of 2,983 advertisements for more than 130 different types of supplements were published in the magazines surveyed. The number of advertisements per year increased between 1995 and 1998. Supplements of particular interest to older adults (such as antioxidants, calcium, garlic, ginkgo biloba, joint health products, liquid oral supplements, and multivitamins) were among the most frequently advertised products. Although magazines popular among older readers contain extensive information about dietary supplements, these publications cannot be relied upon to provide readers with all of the information that they need in order to use supplements safely.

Keywords: Act, Age, Analysis, Antioxidants, Calcium, Dietary Supplements, Evaluation, Garlic, Health, Impact, Information, Media, Nutrition, Oral, Public, Publications, Safety, Source, United States

? Pickle, K., Quinn, S.C. and Brown, J.D. (2002), HIV/AIDS coverage in black newspapers, 1991-1996: Implications for health communication and health education. Journal of Health Communication, 7 (5), 427-444.

Full Text: 2002\J Hea Com7, 427.pdf

Abstract: HIV/AIDS coverage in five African American newspapers (Amsterdam [New York] News, Oakland [California] Post, Washington [District of Columbia] Afro American, Atlanta Inquirer, and Chicago Citizen) was analyzed from 1991 to 1996. During this period, HIV/AIDS became the leading cause of death of young adult African Americans. This study found that coverage of the disease was most prominent in the New York, Oakland, and Washington, D.C., African American newspapers. Although most of the 201 articles analyzed framed the story primarily as a health issue, a large proportion also exhibited a critical attitude toward the government and the “AIDS establishment” about their commitment to saving the lives of minorities. Articles often conveyed the message that fighting HIV/AIDS first requires substantial action regarding the larger contextual issues-economic, political, and social-that cause health inequities, Alternative theories of cause and treatment, such as the possibility, that AIDS was created as an extermination plot against African Americans, or that the drug Kemron, endorsed by the Nation of Islam, was the most promising treatment for HIV, generally were discussed as legitimate even though much evidence exists to refute these theories, These frames reflect distrust and rational concerns rooted in the historical context of American race relations, including the legacy of the Tuskegee study. Increased understanding of the frames presented in the African American press may contribute to the ability of researchers, health practitioners, and health journalists to constructively respond to the concerns of the African American community.

Keywords: Adult, African American, African Americans, African-Americans, AID, AIDS, Attitude, Cause of Death, Commitment, Communication, Community, Context, Coverage, Death, Drug, Education, Evidence, First, Health, Health Education, HIV, HIV, AIDS, Islam, Journalists, Minorities, New York, Race, Relations, Treatment, Understanding, Washington, Young Adult

? Slopen, N.B., Watson, A.C., Gracia, G. and Corrigan, P.W. (2007), Age analysis of newspaper coverage of mental illness. Journal of Health Communication, 12 (1), 3-15.

Full Text: 2007\J Hea Com12, 3.pdf

Abstract: In this study, we examine newspaper coverage of mental illness in children and adults taken from 6 weeks during a 1-year period. Articles were coded for (1) type of article; (2) types of disorders named or described; (3) themes related to crime, attributions of the disorder, treatments, and critiques of the mental health system; and (4) “elements of responsible journalism,” including inclusion of perspectives from mental health experts, statistics related to mental illness, referrals to additional sources of information and avoidance of slang terminology. We examine how these variables differ by the age of the group discussed in the article: children/adolescents and adults/older adults. One thousand tow hundred fifty-two articles were coded for these four clusters as well as age of group discussed in the article. Inter-rater correlations of two independent judges were satisfactory for 10% of the stories. Age group comparisons revealed that the child articles contained a significantly higher proportion of feature articles; were significantly more likely to discuss behavior and conduct disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, and eating disorders, and to contain themes of causation, treatment, and critiques of the mental health system. The adult articles contained a significantly higher proportion of episodic news stories and were significantly more likely to present themes of dangerousness and crime. Our analysis found that child articles were significantly more likely to incorporate elements of responsible journalism, while adult articles were significantly more likely to use stigmatizing terminology. Our report encourages journalists to develop contextually comprehensive and informative presentations of mental illness and issues surrounding the mental health system for all population groups in order to provide readers with accurate information within the context of general social trends and relevant expert opinion.

Keywords: Abuse, ADHD, Adult, Age, Alcohol, Analysis, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Behavior, Child, Children, Context, Correlations, Coverage, Crime, Dangerousness, Drug, Drug Abuse, Expert Opinion, Experts, Feature, General, Health, Health System, Information, Journalism, Journalists, Mental Health, Mental Illness, Population, Social, Sources, Sources of Information, Statistics, Terminology, Treatment, Trends

Andersson, C.M., Bjärås, G., Tillgren, P. and Östenson, C.G. (2007), Local media monitoring in process evaluation. Experiences from the Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Programme. Journal of Health Communication, 12 (3), 269-283.

Full Text: 2007\J Hea Com12, 269.pdf

Abstract: We present a rationale and approach for longitudinal analyses of media coverage and content, and illustrate how media monitoring can be used in process evaluations. Within a community-based diabetes prevention project, the Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program, we analyzed the frequency, prominence, and framing of physical activity in local newspapers of three intervention and two control municipalities. In total, 2,128 stories and advertisements related to physical activity were identified between the years 1997 and 2002. Although stories about physical activity were relatively few (n = 224), they were prominently located in all five local newspapers. Physical activity was framed rather similarly in the municipalities. Health aspects, however, were expressed to a greater extent in stories in two of the intervention municipalities. A limited portion (14%) of the articles could be linked directly to the program. It is not possible to assess to what extent the program has had a disseminating effect on the newspapers’ health-related content in general, due to weaknesses of the process tracking system and limitations of the study design. Implications for the design is that an evaluative framework should be preplanned and include data collection about media relationships, media’s interest in public health, media coverage prior to the program and coverage in other media for comparisons of general trends in the reporting. The material and the current database, however, provide a good basis for quantitative content analysis and qualitative discourse analysis to yield information on the type, frequency, and content of health reporting in local newspapers.

Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Approach, Collection, Community Based, Content Analysis, Control, Coverage, Data, Data Collection, Database, Design, Diabetes, Discourse, Evaluation, Framework, General, Health, Information, Intervention, Local, Longitudinal, Media, Monitoring, Physical, Physical Activity, Prevention, Public, Public Health, Qualitative, Reporting, Study Design, Trends